绳索取心钻杆内壁结垢成因与预防及清理装置的研发          下载免费PDF全文

李宽  李鑫淼  韩丽丽  张永勤 《探矿工程》2019,46(2):60-64

绳索取心钻杆内壁结垢会造成钻杆腐蚀、打捞器与内管总成运行遇阻、孔壁失稳等问题,常见类型有涡区结垢、延伸结垢与渗漏结垢等。本文在分析结垢原因与影响因素的基础上,制定了冲洗液优选、钻进技术参数优化、钻孔结构与钻具组合优化等预防措施,同时,研发了泥皮清理装置,可通过供电绞车和铠装电缆将刮泥器送至孔内,主动清理钻杆内壁的吸附物或泥皮,保持钻杆内壁清洁,实现高效安全钻进。  相似文献   

页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻井堵漏技术          下载免费PDF全文

李得新  首照兵  吴金生 《探矿工程》2017,44(2):23-26

米仓山-大巴山前缘页岩气基础地质调查万地1井钻遇二叠系吴家坪组巨厚层硅灰岩、燧石灰岩,坚硬致密,裂隙、溶隙、溶洞极发育,钻进过程中钻井液漏失严重甚至失返,造成钻进困难。先后采用了随钻堵漏、桥接材料堵漏、水泥砂浆堵漏、胶质泥浆-水泥浆堵漏、拦截式堵漏工艺技术,基本解决了钻进中钻井液失返问题。  相似文献   

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages     

Jingke Zhang  Zuixiong Li  Wenwu Chen  Xudong Wang  Qinglin Guo  Nan Wang 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(4):279-290

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.  相似文献   

Experimental analysis on the impact force of viscous debris flow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Peng Cui  Chao Zeng  Yu Lei 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(12):1644-1655

A miniaturized flume experiment was carried out to measure impact forces of viscous debris flow. The flow depth (7.2–11.2 cm), velocity (2.4–5.2 m/s) and impact force were recorded during the experiment. The impact process of debris flow can be divided into three phases by analyzing the variation of impact signals and flow regime. The three phases are the sudden strong impact of the debris flow head, continuous dynamic pressure of the body and slight static pressure of the tail. The variation of impact process is consistent with the change in the flow regime. The head has strong–rapid impact pressure, which is shown as a turbulent‐type flow; the body approximates to steady laminar flow. Accordingly, the process of debris flows hitting structures was simplified to a triangle shape, ignoring the pressure of the tail. In order to study the distribution of the debris flow impact force at different depths and variation of the impact process over time, the impact signals of slurry and coarse particles were separated from the original signals using wavelet analysis. The slurry's dynamic pressure signal appears to be a smooth curve, and the peak pressure is 12–34 kPa when the debris flow head hits the sensors, which is about 1.54 ± 0.36 times the continuous dynamic pressure of the debris flow body. The limit of application of the empirical parameter α in the hydraulic formula was also noted. We introduced the power function relationship of α and the Froude number of debris flows, and proposed a universal model for calculating dynamic pressure. The impact pressure of large particles has the characteristic of randomness. The mean frequency of large particles impacting the sensor is 210 ± 50–287 ± 29 times per second, and it is 336 ± 114–490 ± 69 times per second for the debris flow head, which is greater than that in the debris flow body. Peak impact pressure of particles at different flow depths is 40–160 kPa, which is 3.2 ± 1.5 times the impact pressure of the slurry at the bottom of the flow, 3.1 ± 0.9 times the flow in the middle, and 3.3 ± 0.9 times the flow at the surface. The differences in impact frequency indicate that most of the large particles concentrate in the debris flow head, and the number of particles in the debris flow head increases with height. This research supports the study of solid–liquid two phase flow mechanisms, and helps engineering design and risk assessment in debris flow prone areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

泥石流浆体与大颗粒冲击力特征的试验研究     

曾超  苏志满  雷雨  余健 《岩土力学》2015,36(7):1923-1930

开展了密度为1 400～2 200 kg/m3的泥石流浆体、浆体与大颗粒混合流体的冲击力试验,获取了流速为2.8～4.9 m/s条件下31组冲击力试验数据。采用小波分析方法有效地去除了冲击力数据中的噪声信号,依据离散傅里叶变换（FFT）为基础的频谱分析结果,将低频泥石流浆体冲击和高频大颗粒冲击的临界频率值界定为2 Hz,实现了浆体和大颗粒冲击信号的分离。目前水动力学公式中待定系数α缺乏统一的确定方法,以不同地区157组泥石流观测和试验数据为基础,建立了待定系数?与流体Fr数的幂函数关系,形成可表征不同流态,且弱化尺度效应的浆体动压力计算公式。与泥石流浆体平滑信号相比,大颗粒冲击压力具有一定随机性。泥石流大颗粒冲击次数与频率随大颗粒的质量比增加而增大,其质量比从0.05增至0.21时,冲击总次数从1 305次增至2 838次,冲击频率从82次/s增至195次/s,且龙头段大颗粒的冲击频率高于后续泥石流体。测得大颗粒的压力约为60 kPa,是相同密度和流速下浆体动压力的3倍。随着大颗粒比例的增加,上部1#和2#传感器测得大颗粒冲击频率增加量明显高于下部3#～6#。说明随着流体中大颗粒比例上升,颗粒物质多集中于泥石流上部或表层运动,也佐证了泥石流运动中大颗粒多集中在龙头顶部的认识。对大颗粒和浆体冲击规律的分析可为固液两相流运动机制研究和防治工程设计以及承灾体易损性定量评估提供合理参数。  相似文献   

添加絮凝药剂的尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度试验研究     

吴文 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3367-3372

尾矿充填主要包括3种类型：尾矿砂浆充填、尾矿糊状充填（paste fill）和废矿石充填（rock fill）,其中前面两种充填属于水力充填,第3种属于干式充填。3种充填方法在加拿大的矿山都有应用。压缩强度和渗透性是水力充填材料的关键力学特性,直接影响井下充填的效果。一方面,为了使充填材料具有一定的强度,必须在尾矿砂浆（slurry backfill）材料中添加水泥,其用量非常大,水泥在充填成本中占有很大的比例。另一方面,尾矿砂浆水力充填是利用水力旋流器来分级固体颗粒,颗粒较细的部分将通过溢流派到废矿池中,颗粒较粗的部分回收利用作为井下充填的材料使用,有时充填的尾矿数量不够,需要另外购置砂子混合作为充填材料。如何减少水泥的使用量和从水力旋流器底流增加尾矿砂的细颗粒的固体部分产量,以达到节约充填成本的目的,一直是矿山企业所面临的重要课题。为此,专门研究絮凝药剂对尾矿砂浆充填材料的单轴抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,絮凝药剂能够大幅度地提高尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度,而且絮凝药剂使用量有一个最优值,使强度达到最大。当过量使用絮凝药剂,尾矿砂浆充填材料的强度则有所降低。  相似文献   

泥水盾构泥膜动态形成机制研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白云  孔祥鹏  廖少明 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):19-24

随着大直径泥水盾构的广泛应用,盾构掘进过程切削成层土的可能性越来越大,常规的静力平衡的方法不能有效地控制开挖面的稳定。从泥膜形成的机制入手,将泥水仓中的泥浆视为由液相和颗粒相组成的两相流,将开挖地层视为多孔介质,利用多相流在多孔介质中的渗流特性提出了泥膜动态形成的过滤模型。此模型将泥膜视为控制体,并认为泥膜形成过程中遵守质量守恒和体积守恒定律,从边界条件上认为单位时间内从单元体内排出水量与土体积的压缩量相等。过滤模型较好地揭示了泥水盾构掘进过程中泥膜的动态形成过程和开挖地层力学性质的动态变化过程,对泥水盾构正面稳定有较为重要的意义。  相似文献   

水泥-膨润土泥浆配比对防渗墙渗透性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐超  黄亮  邢皓枫 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):422-426

作为一种垂直防渗墙体材料,水泥-膨润土泥浆已在欧美等一些国家被广泛应用于垃圾填埋场的垂直防渗系统中,而国内对此类墙体材料的研究和应用较少。通过对不同配合比的水泥-膨润土泥浆固结体进行渗透试验,研究了原材料对泥浆固结体渗透性能的影响以及渗透性随龄期变化的情况。试验结果表明,水泥和膨润土对固结体渗透系数的影响相互依赖,只有在水泥用量达到一定程度后,增加膨润土用量才能有效地降低固结体的渗透性能;随着龄期的增加,水泥-膨润土泥浆固结体的渗透系数明显降低。  相似文献   

泥皮厚度对结构接触面力学特性影响的试验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张治军  饶锡保  王志军  丁红顺 《岩土力学》2008,29(9):2433-2438

针对实际工程中砂砾石与结构物所形成接触面,采用联合研制的大型叠环单剪仪对砂砾石与夹不同厚度泥皮混凝土接触面力学特性进行了相关试验研究。结果表明,泥皮厚度对结构接触面的强度影响显著,且存在两临界厚度值（记为H1和H2,且H1 < H2）。当泥皮厚度小于临界厚度值H1时,接触面表现为砂砾石与混凝土板接触面特征,其剪应力与相对剪切位移关系曲线呈现明显的双曲线关系,可用双曲线模型进行描述;当泥皮厚度介于两临界厚度值之间时,接触面表现为泥皮与混凝土板接触面,达到破坏阶段后切向变形呈现明显的刚塑性的变形特征,可用刚塑性模型进行描述;当泥皮厚度大于临界厚度值H2时,剪切破坏并不发生在接触面处,而是发生在泥皮层内部,此时接触面特性即为泥皮剪切特性。  相似文献   

泥浆性质对泥水盾构开挖面泥膜形成质量影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

韩晓瑞  朱伟  刘泉维  钟小春  闵凡路 《岩土力学》2008,29(Z1):288-292

泥水盾构以压力泥浆支护开挖面,泥膜的形成对开挖面稳定非常重要,尤其在高渗透性地层,泥浆极易穿透地层直接渗出而不能形成所需的支护压力。以南京长江隧道为背景,详细阐述了泥膜的作用原理及泥膜质量的评价指标,并通过自行设计的成膜装置开展泥浆性质对泥水盾构开挖面泥膜形成质量的影响试验研究。试验结果表明,泥浆颗粒级配及密度相同时,泥浆粘度高,物理稳定性好,则泥膜形成容易,形成泥膜薄、致密,滤水量小。试验结果对泥水盾构施工具有指导意义。  相似文献