Factors affecting sediment trapping in vegetated filter strips: simulation study using VFSMOD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Majed Abu‐Zreig 《水文研究》2001,15(8):1477-1488

Soil and water conservation practices have been promoted for a long time, in order to sustain agricultural activities and prevent environmental pollution. Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have been used to reduce sediment pollution into water bodies at or near the pollutant source. However, factors effecting VFS performance under natural conditions have not been well understood owing to the physical, time and financial limitations of field experiments. The use of well‐validated simulation models to understand the performance of VFS and factors affecting sediment deposition is highly justified. The objective of this research is to investigate sediment trapping in VFS and to study various factors affecting VFS performance using the simulation model VFSMOD, which was developed by researchers at University of North Carolina. Recently, VFSMOD has been validated successfully by using 21 filters with varying length, slope and vegetated cover. A wide range of five parameters was selected for the simulations, namely filter length, filter slope, manning roughness coefficient, soil type and characteristics of incoming sediment from adjacent fields. Computer simulations revealed that the length of filter is the most significant factor affecting sediment trapping in VFS. The relative increase in trapping efficiencies was not linearly related to an increase in filter length. Inflow sediment class also has a major influence on sediment trapping in VFS. The trapping efficiency of clay sediments in a 15 m length VFS was 47% compared with 92% for silt from incoming sediment. Manning roughness coefficient had a moderate effect on sediment trapping and was more significant in short filters. Land slope and soil type of VFS had a minor influence on the performance of VFS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

青藏高原牧区大雪期间的水汽和热量平衡     

王强  高凤荣  王锡稳  夏建平  章克俭 《干旱气象》1996,(4)

本文通过对１９９６年１月青藏高原牧区大雪期间的水汽和热量收支的计算，分析了大雪期间对流活动的作用和贡献，并与其他地区夏季暴雨期间的能量平衡进行了比较。结果表明，二者都只有一个无辐散层和整层维持上升运动，不同的是降雪期间：１）视水汽汇气柱平均潜热加热率要小得多；２）视水汽汇和视热源的垂直分布差异较大；３）次网格尺度涡动垂直输送主要发生在对流层顶附近  相似文献   

半干旱区植被覆盖度对边界层气候热力影响的数值模拟   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

刘树华  黄子琛  刘立超 《气象学报》1996,54(3):303-311

在陆－气相互作用的中小尺度系统研究中，水平非均匀下垫面的强迫作用是主要的物理过程。本文利用能量闭合二维陆面过程与大气边界层耦合模式，研究了我国西北半干旱地区（３８°Ｎ，１０５°Ｅ）夏季下垫面物理特征的变化对区域边界层气候的影响。结果表明：土壤湿度、植被覆盖度对局地环流和区域边界层气候的形成起着决定性的作用。模拟结果揭示了在半干旱地区大面积植树造林、提高植被覆盖度，可涵养土壤水分，改善局地生态环境，是人工持续改造干旱、半干旱荒漠地区局地气候的重要途径。  相似文献   

全球环境变化研究的核心领域——土地利用／土地覆被变化的国际研究动向   总被引：728，自引：29，他引：728  

李秀彬 《地理学报》1996,51(6):553-558

土地利用／土地覆被变化已列为“国际地圈与生物圈计划”的核心项目，在该领域的研究工作逐渐加强。本文论述了全球环境变化中的土地利用／土地覆被变化的内涵，在全球环境变化中的作用，其主要研究内容，关键问题及研究方法，并介绍了国外有关研究项目的情况。  相似文献   

Variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snows from 1940 to 1980   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

U. Görlach  C. F. Boutron 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,14(1-4):205-222

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn have been measured using improved ultraclean procedures in a succession of twenty six snow samples integrating a 40 yr time sequence from 1940 to 1980 which were collected from the walls of a 6 m deep pit at stake D 55 in Adelie Land, East Antarctica. Measured concentrations, which are among the lowest ones ever measured in Antarctic snows, are found not to have significantly increased during the investigated time period, with the possible exception of Pb for which there might have been a significant increase after the mid 1960's. For this last metal, measured concentrations in the 1940's are about 6-fold higher than in Antarctic Holocene ice several thousand years old, which indicates that a large fraction of the anthropogenic increase for Pb probably occurred before the 1940's.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河流域季节积雪的基本特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张志忠  杨大庆 《冰川冻土》1992,14(2):129-133

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黑龙江省胜利水库冰盖生消规律   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢永刚 《冰川冻土》1992,14(2):168-173

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南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥食性研究          下载免费PDF全文

王自磐 《极地研究》1992,4(1):1-16

对东南极中山站附近麦氏贼鸥巢区和无巢贼鸥群栖地的贼鸥回吐渣团及其他食物残物进行收集、分析和鉴定 ,结果表明 ,本区麦氏贼鸥主要捕食雪　 ,其残物在食物项中的平均出现率为 6 7～ 80 %;同时贼鸥从本区几个考察站觅取人类遗弃的垃圾食物作为其重要的食物补充 ,垃圾食物的平均出现率为 6 .8～ 1 1 .6 %。不同巢区贼鸥对雪　的捕杀量和垃圾的需求差异较大 ,其主要与营巢地域的雪　分布密度以及摄食区的占有与否有关。  相似文献   

基于RS和GIS的石羊河流域近50年土地覆被类型变化研究     

卢辉雄  聂振龙  刘敏  冯博  程旭  王金哲  王茜  崔浩浩  范芳 《地质与资源》1992,29(2):165

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植被区面积对局地气候影响的数值研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗哲贤  余晖 《干旱气象》1995,(2)

用一个三维模式实施了５个数值试验，研究了植被覆盖与裸土之间的非均一性对局地气候的影响。结果指出：存在着一个最适宜的植被区面积Ｓ＿ｃ，当Ｓ＝Ｓ＿ｃ，这种非均一性激发的上升运动最强，上升气流区的空间范围最大。  相似文献