Western migrants in central Europe: Isolated individuals or members of transnational communities?     

Hans-Joachim Bürkner 《GeoJournal》2000,50(2-3):105-108

Migration flows from western Europe, the United States and Canada to east central Europe have received little attention so far. But numbers are now considerable and in the context of globalisation it seems appropriate to conceptualise communities of Westerners in terms of transnational social spaces as defined by Glick Schiller et al. Study of Americans in Prague reveals three main groups: enterprise managers, lifestyle migrants and entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises. All are engaged in a variety of different processes of community-building, often with clear trends towards a new transnationalism. Yet, the individual attempt to live in two societies is limited by the marked boundaries of the communities and by the degree of social exclusion which they experience from the majority population. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

On the way to a better state? The role of NGOs in the planning and implementation of protected areas in Brazil     

Monika Röper 《GeoJournal》2000,52(1):61-69

Protected areas are considered some of the most versatile as well as important instruments of nature conservation and environmental policies. The `classic' model of nature conservation aims at the isolation of large areas in order to preserve their `pristine' nature from human interference. However, the transfer of this model to developing countries led to serious conflicts with local people. From a socio-geographical viewpoint, protected areas can be understood as regulative tools for the shaping and controlling of space. This approach helps to recognise the influence of distinct modes of appropriation of space and nature on the emergence and course of conflicts. In the present article it is used to analyse the leading role played by Brazilian NGOs in the transformation of the classic model of protected area management at the beginning of the nineties. Two case studies – dealing with the implementation of the Amazonian Mamirauá Reserve and with the reform of the Brazilian protected area legislation – are used to illustrate not only the success of the new approaches, but also the expectations and contradictions which surround the future development of protected areas in Brazil.  相似文献   

Examining the difficulties in letting social housing within England     

Nicola Morrison 《GeoJournal》2000,51(4):339-349

This paper provides an overview of the current literature on why difficulties are being experienced in letting social housing within England. The first part of the paper focuses on whether the management of the social housing stock, and in particular the current allocation system, has contributed to the growing number of difficult to let (DTL) properties in the social sector. Drawing on findings from in-depth interviews with twenty local authorities, the paper provides evidence to support this argument and also highlights a number of initiatives which authorities have adopted to fill DTL properties. However, the paper argues that these initiatives are likely to have limited value in the long run in stemming the fall in demand for social housing, particularly in the North of England. The second part of the paper focuses on the changing aspirations of tenants and the way that social housing is in competition with alternative forms to housing provision, such as private rented housing. It concludes by advocating that an appropriate response to difficulties in letting social housing has to go beyond internal housing management initiatives. Instead a more strategic approach needs to be adopted which builds up an understanding of the operation of the local housing market and the complex interaction of neighbourhoods.  相似文献   

面向对象自适应渗流有限元分析软件的研究和实现   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

秦卫星  陈胜宏 《岩土力学》2003,24(3):463-466

采用面向对象技术,应用C++研制了一个自适应渗流有限元分析系统。该软件系统的前处理过程用对象化建模,具有实现方便,界面友好的优点。自适应有限元模块的引入使该系统具有规范性和客观性,计算结果不会因人而异,且后处理界面形象直观。笔者还给出了一个土坝渗流的实例,验证了该软件的可用性和优点。  相似文献   

荒漠植物叶片碳同位素组成及其水分利用效率   总被引：46，自引：17，他引：29  

陈拓  冯虎元  徐世建  强维亚  安黎哲 《中国沙漠》2002,22(3):288-291

水分通常是影响荒漠植物生长的主要限制因子,然而当前很少有关于荒漠群落中植物水分利用效率的报道。作为指示水分利用效率的可靠指标,叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ¹³ C值)可以用来探讨植物适应干旱环境的强弱程度。对阜康和金塔同种或同属的植物叶片δ¹³ C的测量结果表明,干旱可使植物叶片δ¹³ C升高:年降水量每增加1mm,叶片δ¹³ C则降低001‰~ 0015‰。阜康荒漠灌木叶片δ¹³ C值明显高于草本,这样的趋势也存在于甘肃金塔主要荒漠植物中,与前人的报道也基本一致。说明灌木可能更适应干旱胁迫,并且这种现象可能是全球荒漠生态系统的一种共性。对阜康四种荒漠代表植物红砂、梭梭、补血草和骆驼刺的SOD活性的测定结果间接地支持了这一结果。进一步的分析表明,藜科、豆科和某些禾本科植物适应干旱环境的能力相对较强。  相似文献   

中国荒漠化病因诊断   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

王跃 《中国沙漠》2002,22(2):118-121

荒漠化研究和治理工作在中国已有多年,提出的治理措施与发表的研究论文硕果累累。但时至今日,荒漠化危害不仅依在,而且危害仍在逐年加剧,呈现这种局面的主要原因在于虽然对荒漠化的物理、生物机理有较透彻的认识,但对其社会机理还认识不够。社会管理者的科学求实态度、管理系统的自我调节功能、运转效率、协调程度以及受监督机制等深刻影响着一地区荒漠化的走势与治理结果。正在进行的西部大开发使中国荒漠化发展处于整体加速或减速的十字路口,一个好的环境结局将取决于干旱区社会管理者们科学素质的提高,思维决策模式与管理体制的革新。  相似文献   

区域节水型社会经济体系的构建   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张正栋 《中国沙漠》2000,20(4):434-437

水资源短缺和利用不合理将会严重制约区域社会经济的持续发展。本文在分析区域节水系统的结构、模型的基础上,针对我国水资源及其利用状况提出了构建区域节水型社会经济体系的基本框架和基本途径。  相似文献   

粤港澳大湾区协同创新的综合测度与演化特征     

吴康敏  张虹鸥  叶玉瑶  陈奕嘉  岳晓丽 《地理科学进展》2022,41(9):1662-1676

理解粤港澳大湾区协同创新的网络结构及其演化特征对于新时期大湾区的创新化发展转型至关重要。论文通过构建包括技术创新、知识生产、创新资本3个维度的协同创新测度指标体系,基于城市群流空间网络构建与社会网络分析方法,系统性研究了多创新维度下粤港澳大湾区协同创新的网络结构及其演化特征。结果表明：(1)粤港澳大湾区创新流空间结构呈现出显著的极化特征,且随着时间推移,极化效应不断强化,深圳、香港、广州在创新流空间网络中占据绝对核心地位;(2)多维度创新流要素网络结构呈现出显著差异性,技术创新与创新资本维度中,香港、深圳占据了城市群网络的核心,知识生产维度的核心城市则是广州与香港,广州在各维度网络中均扮演了重要的“枢纽型”城市角色,深圳在各维度网络中的创新层级随着时间推移在不断增长;(3)综合多维度指标的测度结果显示,香港与深圳分别是早期与新时期粤港澳大湾区协同创新网络的核心,当前大湾区整体呈现为穗深港三核心并立的城市群网络空间结构。研究可为新时期粤港澳大湾区创新资源的合理化配置提供理论与实证支撑。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1984,36(3):376-412

Book Reviewed in this article: Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics . J. O. Ayoade. Conservation and Management of Natural Resources in the United States . Charles F. Bennett. The Keeping of Animals: Adaptation and Social Relations in Livestock Producing Communities . Riva Berleant-Schiller and Eugenia Shanklin, ed. The Evolution of Geographic Thought in America: A Kentucky Root Wilford A. Bladen and Pradyumna P. Karan, eds. Latin America: Geographical Perspectives , 2nd ed. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith, ed. The Rural Real Estate Market. Department of Geography Publication Series, No. 18 . Chris Bryant. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands . R. U. Cooke, D. Brunsden, J. C. Doornkamp, and D. K. C. Jones with contributions by J. Griffiths, P. Knott, R. Potter, and R. Russell. Italian Geography, 1960–1980. Meeting of the Status of the Geographic Research in Italy, 1960–1980. Treated under the auspices of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and organized by Istituto di Geografia Umana della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano , Giacomo Corna Pellecrini and Carlo Brusa, eds. The Changing Fenland . H. C. Darby. The Future for the City Centre . R. L. Davies and A. G. Champion, eds. Saudi Arabia, Energy, Developmental Planning, and Industrialization . Ragaei El Mallakh, Dorothea H. El Mallakh, eds. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier . Maria Patricia Fernández-Kelly. The Great Lakes Forest: An Environmental and Social History . Susan L. Flader, ed. Regional Transformation and Industrial Revolution: A Geography of the Yorkshire Woolen Industry . Derek Gregory Crime in City Politics . Anne Heinz, Herbert Jacob and Robert L. Lineberry, eds. Revitalizing Cities . H. Briavel Holcomb and Robert A. Beauregard. Cartographic Relief Presentation . Eduard Imhof. H. J. Steward, Trans. Soviet Union: A Geographical Survey . S. V. Kalesnik and V. F. Pavlenko, ed. Cognition and Environment . Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan. Environmental Protection: The International Dimension . David A. Kay and Harold K. Jacobsen, eds. Mathematical Programming Methods for Geographers and Planners , James Killen. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline: Strategies for America's Older Cities . Michael H. Lang. The North Atlantic Sulphur System . Risto Laulajainen. The Jerusalem Cathedra: Studies in the History, Archaeology, Geography and Ethnography of the Land of Israel, Vol. 2 . Lee I. Levine ed. Jerusalem and Detroit: Recreation Planning and Management . Stanely R. Lieber and Daniel R. Fesenmaier, eds. Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada . L. D. McCann, ed. Scarborough Where We Live: The Residential Districts of Minneapolis and St. Paul . Judith A. Martin and David A. Lanegran. California: The Geography of Diversity . Crane S. Miller and Richard S. Hyslop. Palo Alto The Dilemma of Amazonian Development . Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder Nuclear Waste: Socioeconomic Dimensions of Long-Term Storage . Steve H. Murdock, F. Larry Leistritz, and Rita R. Hamm, eds. Boulder Communism and the Politics of Inequalities . Daniel N. Nelson, ed. The Los Angeles Metropolis . Howard J. Nelson. Dubuque An Historical Geography of Urban System Development: Tidewater Virginia in the 18th Century . James O'Mara. Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre . East Asia: Geographical and Historical Approaches to Foreign Area Studies . Clifton W. Pannell, ed. Dubuque Mackinder: Geography as an Aid to Statecraft . W. H. Parker. Beyond the Urban Fringe: Land Use Issues of Nonmetropolitan America . Rutherford H. Platt and George Macinko, eds. Recreation Geography of the USSR . V. S. Preobrazhensky and V. M. Krivosheyev, eds. Missouri: A Geography . Milton D. Rafferty The Invisible Farmers: Women in Agricultural Production . Carolyn E. Sachs. Cayman Islands Seashore Vegetation: A Study in Comparative Biogeography . Jonathan D. Sauer. Hillslope Materials and Processes . Michael J. Selby. Housing in Britain: The Post-War Experience . John R. Short The Study of Population: Elements, Patterns and Processes . George A. Schnell and Mark Stephen Monmonier. Columbus The Soviet Union: A Systematic Geography . Leslie Symons, ed. The Ottoman Slave Trade and Its Suppression . Ehud R. Toledano. The Impact of Recession on Industry, Employment and the Regions, 1976–1981 . Alan R. Townsend. Landslides and Their Control , 2nd ed. Quido Záruba and Vojtech Mencl. Translated from the Czech by H. Zárubová and V. Mencl.  相似文献   

The social impacts of tourism — A case study in Dali,Yunnan province,China     

Fan Dai  Jiang Bao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1996,6(2):132-144

Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983. As a result, English came into the life of the local people. This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dali people’s attitude toward learning English. Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists. Interviews were also given whenever possible. In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business in “Foreigners’ Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across “Foreigners’ Street”. The 41 shops and restaurants in “Foreigners’ Street” served mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones. Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from “Foreigners’ Street” to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people. There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on learning English between businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street” and Fuxin Street: people in “Foreigners’ Street” had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand, Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people. Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways. They lived in a place where they saw English advertisement every day. Accordingly, study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’ Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dali. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist. This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.  相似文献