Performance of small-scale irrigation schemes in Lake Tana Basin of Ethiopia: technical and socio-political attributes     

Abebech Abera  Niko E.C. Verhoest  Seifu A. Tilahun  Tena Alamirew  Enyew Adgo  Michael M. Moges 《自然地理学》2019,40(3):227-251

This study was conducted to investigate technical and socio-political attributes that lead to the underperformance of two selected irrigation schemes (Shina and Bebeks) in the Lake Tana floodplains, Ethiopia. Irrigation application efficiency (AE) at nine experimental fields showed a wide range, from 20 to 80%, but was mostly between 40 and 60%. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) varied from 1.9 to 7.2 kg m^?3 for onion and 0.9 to 1.2 kg m^?3 for maize. The lined and earthen canal conveyance losses in Bebeks were 0.037 and 0.047 l s^?1 m^?1, whereas in Shina they were 0.033 and 0.044 l s^?1 m^?1, respectively. The overall consumed ratio (OCR) of water was 0.58 for Bebeks and varied from 0.73 to 1.2 in Shina. Both schemes are performing below the standard based on technical performance indicators. Irrigation water user associations (WUAs) were not implemented, but irrigation committees (ICs), composed of local political leaders, are managing both schemes. Canal and reservoir sedimentation from erosion of upstream catchment areas during the rainy season was the major problem.  相似文献   

A Road to Conflict: Stakeholder’s and Social Network Analysis of the Media Portrayals of a Social-Environmental Conflict in Bolivia     

Victoria Reyes-García  Oriol Andrés-Conejero  Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares  Isabel Díaz-Reviriego  José-Luis Molina 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(4):452-472

Society’s understanding of a conflict is mediated by information provided in mass media, for which researchers stress the importance of analyzing media portrays of stakeholders in a conflict. We analyze information from the Bolivian press regarding the construction of a road crossing the Isiboro-Sécure Indigenous Territory and National Park (TIPNIS). Using stakeholder’s and social network analyses, we explore stakeholder’s positions and alliances as represented in the media and contrast it with previous scholarly work. We found that some actors cited as central in scholar analyses of the conflict are largely absent in the media (e.g., private investors, conservationist sector) and that the media tend to present stakeholders as having more homogeneous positions than the academic literature does while also neglecting some important alliances in their account. The media also suggests that Indigenous communities are forging stronger alliances with urban sectors and civil society, alliances not stressed by researchers.  相似文献   

“We Don’t Equal Even Just One Man”: Gender and Social Control in Conservation Adoption     

Angie Carter 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):893-910

Women own or co-own approximately half of the farmland in Iowa, United States, yet researchers are only beginning to study these landowners’ social relationships in relation to their land. This study analyzes qualitative data collected in Iowa through a series of meetings hosted by the Women, Food and Agriculture Network (WFAN). I find that social control through exclusion constrains women landowners’ access to information about and implementation of conservation. Specifically, I identify how women landowners experience the social processes of boundary maintenance and othering in land management. These processes create barriers to conservation adoption and maintain gendered agricultural landscapes. The women who participated in WFAN’s conservation programs express their experience of and resistance to dominant narratives as they attempt to create landscape change. These findings highlight the importance of further study of inequality processes and their relation to control of farmland if conservation goals are to be met.  相似文献   

Constructing the Klamath: Nature,Culture, and the Management of a Western River     

Zander Albertson 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):790-806

Despite decades of scientific research, stakeholder negotiations, and policy proposals, management of the Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California remains hotly contested. This research examines the sociocultural dimensions of proposed removal of four Klamath River dams. Using a social constructivist approach to analyze the discourse of public comments regarding dam removal, I find commenters rely on diverse ideas of nature and divergent problem framings, contest the role of science, and draw on embedded and meaningful sociocultural narratives to legitimize their management preferences. These discourses shape the terrain upon which management actions are perceived, valued, and contested, and make management actions meaningful beyond their immediate spatial and temporal context. Dam removal on the Klamath River is far more than an ecological problem amenable to a scientific or technical approach; instead, it is a complex project shot through with the sociocultural identities, visions, and narratives of all involved.  相似文献   

Gatekeepers,Shareholders, and Evangelists: Expanding Communication Networks of African American Forest Landowners in North Carolina     

Sarah Hitchner  Puneet Dwivedi  John Schelhas  Arundhati Jagadish 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):751-767

The Sustainable Forestry and African American Land Retention Program (SFLR) was launched in 2012 to increase adoption of sustainable forestry practices among African American landowners in the southeastern United States to prevent land loss, increase forest health, and build economic assets. One of its main goals was to build communication networks through which African American landowners could obtain and share information about forestry practices and landowner assistance programs independent of public agencies. To measure and examine the growth of these communication networks over a three-year period (2014-2017), we conducted 87 interviews with landowners (24 of whom were interviewed multiple times), SFLR personnel, and Federal and State staff members in North Carolina. We used complementary methods of data gathering and analysis, including social network analysis and qualitative analysis. Our results showed expanding communication networks will be sustained independently of the program over time, although there is still a heavy reliance on program personnel.  相似文献   

‘Bear are only the Lightning Rod’: Ongoing Acrimony in Alberta’s Grizzly Bear Recovery     

Courtney Hughes  Scott E. Nielsen 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(1):34-52

  相似文献   

乡村农户旅游适应效果、模式及其影响因素——以西安市和咸阳市17个案例村为例     

何旭  杨海娟  王晓雅 《地理研究》2019,38(9):2330-2345

乡村旅游地面临人地交互作用的剧烈变迁,内部要素适应社会-生态系统变化,趋利避害降低脆弱性具有重要现实意义。本文重新界定基于恢复力和脆弱性的农户适应性理论内涵,构建旅游开发适应力指标体系,以西安市和咸阳市17个不同类型的城郊型乡村旅游地为例,评价和分析农户旅游适应效果与空间差异规律,探讨和归纳适应行为与对策模式,建立BP神经网络辨别和揭示适应性影响因素与重要性关系。研究表明：① 西安市和咸阳市农户适应旅游开发综合效果呈现中等偏下水平的偏态分布趋势,分别处于旅游地生命周期快速发展阶段和探索起步阶段。② 乡村旅游地农户适应效果形成“圈层辐射、两翼包络、外围联动”的县域尺度空间分布格局;村域尺度圈层分化现象显著。③ 经营模式划分的旅游乡村农户适应效果股份制模式>“公司+农户”模式>“政府+公司+农户”模式>个体农庄模式>“农户+农户”模式;常年外出务工和农家乐经营是农户主要适应行为选择,季节性务工、本地上班以及农业生产是辅助适应行为选择,且适应行为组合方式表现为旅游专营型、旅游主导型、均衡兼营型、务工主导型和务农主导型五种适应对策模式。④ 旅游发展机会认知、技能培训机会、社会联结度、劳动力总量、政策知晓度、旅游就业人数、收入来源种类、生活主要能源、受教育程度、公共服务设施是农户主要旅游适应性影响因素。据此,提出后续社会-生态整合研究亟需突破方向和适应旅游开发的政策路径。  相似文献   

国外乡村空间研究的进展与启示   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王丹  刘祖云 《地理科学进展》2019,38(12):1991-2002

任何空间都是社会的产物。在工业化、城镇化、信息化和政策的驱动下,中国乡村空间正在发生剧烈重构。乡村空间研究作为国外乡村地理学研究的核心内容之一,具有多学科、多视角、多维度、多方法的特点,形成了一个丰富的研究图景。为了更全面地把握国外乡村空间研究的进展,论文对国外近40 a的乡村空间研究文献进行了梳理。研究发现,国外学者从物质、想象和实践等层面诠释了乡村空间的内涵,并通过建立“乡村空间的三重模型”,强调了日常生活实践的重要性,引入了生活空间,构建了较为系统的乡村空间研究架构。在理论视角上,国外乡村空间研究经历了功能主义、政治经济学和社会建构主义3个阶段;在时间的演进上,实现了由生产主义空间研究到后生产主义空间研究的转换;在空间维度上,实现了聚落空间、经济空间、社会空间和文化空间的多重叠加。国外乡村空间研究实现了从物质层面到社会表征、从客体性空间到主体性空间、从静态单维空间到动态多维空间的转变,启示我们对乡村空间进行跨学科研究以及“社会-文化”研究的重要性。中国乡村空间建设要重视农民的主体性地位、强调乡村空间的多功能性、尊重乡村空间的“地域性”和“差异性”、恢复乡村空间的意义生产功能。  相似文献   

Location choices of Chinese enterprises in Southeast Asia: The role of overseas Chinese networks   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Liang  Yutian  Zhou  Zhengke  Liu  Yi 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(8):1396-1410

Journal of Geographical Sciences - With the implementation of the “Going out” strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s investments have become increasingly influential...  相似文献   

Integration of nighttime light remote sensing images and taxi GPS tracking data for population surface enhancement     

Bailang Yu  Ting Lian  Yixiu Huang  Xinyue Ye  Zuoqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(4):687-706

The population distribution grid at fine scales better reflects the distribution of residents and plays an important role in investigating urban systems. The recent years have witnessed a growing trend of applying the nighttime light data to the estimation of population at micro levels. However, using the nighttime light data alone to estimate population may cause the overestimation problem due to excessively high light radiance in specific types of areas such as commercial zones and transportation hubs. In dealing with this issue, this study used taxi trajectory data that delineate people’s movements, and explored the utility of integrating the nighttime light and taxi trajectory data in the estimation of population in Shanghai at the spatial resolution of 500 m. First, the initial population distribution grid was generated based on the NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data. Then, a calibration grid was created with taxi trajectory data, whereby the initial population grid was optimized. The accuracy of the resultant population grid was assessed by comparing it with the refined survey data. The result indicates that the final population distribution grid performed better than the initial population grid, which reflects the effectiveness of the proposed calibration process.  相似文献