一次性免堆载预压技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

冯士广  纪燕祥  尹春播  丁宁宁  赵志杰  孙宇佳  何若梅  戚霁  侯永革  邸凯强 《探矿工程》2019,46(5):72-77

软土地基处理恰当与否,关系到整个工程质量、投资和进度,其重要性已越来越多地被人们所认识。通过开展一次性免堆载预压技术研究,根据排水固结原理及桩体自身抗拔力,用三维固结筒实现饱和软土无外来荷载条件下的一次性快速排水固结,提高地基土抗剪强度、降低压缩性、改善透水性及动力特征。  相似文献   

吹填场区双层软黏土地基承载特性及破坏模式     

雷华阳  刘广学  周骏 《岩土力学》2019,40(1):260-268

针对天津滨海地区围海造陆工程所形成的上软、下硬双层软黏土地基,利用室内载荷试验和数值模拟开展了双层软黏土地基的承载特性及破坏模式研究。研究表明：由于下层沉积土的补强效应,双层软黏土地基的P-S曲线会出现明显的凹凸转折点,其出现的位置与宽厚比密切相关,宽厚比越小,转折点出现的时间越靠后,下层沉积土的补强效果越不明显。数值结果表明：双层软黏土地基破坏模式随着上覆土厚度的变化相差不大,均为整体剪切破坏。随着载荷板宽度的增加,双层软黏土地基以冲剪破坏模式过渡为局部剪切破坏,当载荷板宽度大于3.0 m时,表现为整体剪切破坏。  相似文献   

饱和软土大变形非线性自重固结模型     

蒲诃夫  宋丁豹  郑俊杰  周洋  闫婧  李展毅 《岩土力学》2019,40(5):1683-1692

基于分段线性方法,建立了饱和软土一维自重固结模型（简称SWC模型）。该模型能考虑自重固结过程中土体的大变形效应和材料参数的非线性变化。将该模型的计算结果与相关解析解、现场试验及室内试验结果进行了对比验证,证明了SWC模型能准确计算出大变形和非线性条件下饱和软土的自重固结过程,包括沉降量、平均固结度、孔隙比分布和超孔隙水压力分布等参数随时间的变化过程。随后,以现场试验为基础,采用SWC模型对饱和软土自重固结的4个主要影响因素（即土体初始高度、边界排水条件、初始孔隙比和土粒相对密度）进行了参数分析。结果表明,上述4个参数对软土自重固结过程均具有重要影响：土体初始高度越高,则自重固结沉降量和最终平均应变值越大;边界排水条件对土体自重固结的速度有重要影响,但不影响自重固结的最终沉降量;初始孔隙比越大,则自重固结沉降量越大,其完成自重固结所需时间越短;土粒相对密度越大,则土体的最终沉降量越大,完成自重固结所需时间越短。  相似文献   

吹填软土低位真空预压室内试验及其数值模拟     

杨爱武  潘亚轩  尚英杰  吴可龙 《岩土力学》2019,40(2):539-548

以天津滨海新区临港工业区吹填软土为试验材料,以普通型竖向排水板、改进型竖向排水板及改进型横向排水板进行室内低位真空预压试验。结果表明,利用普通型竖向排水板进行低位真空预压试验,在真空-堆载联合作用下,28 d表层土体强度达到10 kPa,但中间土体强度偏低,整体呈两边硬中间软的夹心层;以改进型竖向排水板进行低位真空预压试验,前10 d土体强度增长与普通型竖向排水板试验接近,后期土体强度增长明显比前者快,28 d表层土体强度达到12 kPa,中间土体强度略有提高,但整体均匀性仍较差;以改进型横向排水板进行低位真空预压试验,28 d表层土体强度达到11 kPa,强度增长比改进型竖向排水板试验慢,但中部土体强度和整体均匀性均优于改进型竖向排水板试验。基于上述试验成果,运用有限元模拟低位真空预压试验过程,计算沉降量和孔隙水压力并与实测数据对比,发现两种竖向排水板试验计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,改进型横向排水板试验稍差,但基本上都能反映低位真空预压过程中土体沉降量和孔隙水压力变化趋势。  相似文献   

软岩流变相似材料的研制及物理模型试验应用     

储昭飞  刘保国  任大瑞  宋宇  马强 《岩土力学》2019,40(6):2172-2182

目前能合理模拟软岩流变效应的相似材料很少,而采用模型试验法研究软岩工程的长期流变效应也处于探索阶段。为给软岩流变模型试验提供合适的相似材料,研制出一种以铁粉、重晶石粉和石英砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为胶结剂,液压油为黏滞剂的软岩流变相似材料。该相似材料强度低,流变性强,不仅可模拟软岩的瞬时弹塑性性质,也能较好模拟软岩的流变特性。假定骨料比例恒定,调节松香酒精溶液浓度m和液压油含量w,开展了一系列梯度配比试验。研究表明：（1）该相似材料的主要瞬时强度变形参数和西原模型流变参数均受m和w两因素的双重影响;（2）松香酒精溶液浓度越大,试样强度越大,流变性越小;（3）液压油含量越大,试样强度越小,流变性越明显;（4）相比松香酒精溶液浓度m,液压油含量w对西原模型各参数的影响更大,起主控作用。最终,将该相似材料应用于神华新街软弱砂质泥岩煤矿盾构斜井的长期流变模型试验中,试验结果表明：该材料瞬时力学性能和流变特性均达到试验要求,为试验取得良好结果提供了材料保证。  相似文献   

大面积填土场地中摩擦型桩负摩阻力分布特性研究     

叶观宝  郑文强  张振 《岩土力学》2019,40(Z1):440-448

中国大面积场地形成工程日益增多,在缓解土地供求矛盾的同时也带来了诸多工程问题,如场地大面积沉降会造成桩基负摩阻力增加,影响桩基安全性,但针对大面积填土场地中桩基负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合某现场试验,建立了单桩有限元分析模型,与实测数据对比验证模型的合理性。基于验证后的数值分析模型,研究了大面积填土场地工程中填土天然重度及厚度、桩顶和地表荷载及场地形成时间对摩擦型桩下拉荷载和中性点的影响。结果表明,填土厚度和桩顶荷载的变化显著影响中性点的位置;填土的天然重度和厚度越大,下拉荷载越大;场地固结时间越长,下拉荷载越小;减小桩顶荷载和增加地表堆载会增大下拉荷载。敏感度分析表明,相比荷载因素,场地形成因素对下拉荷载及桩顶沉降影响更为显著。最后,结合国内外规范讨论了考虑大面积填土场地中摩擦型桩负摩阻力计算方法的适用性。研究结果对大面积填土场地摩擦型桩设计具有参考价值。  相似文献   

Enigmatic clastic pipe swarms and implications for fluidization dynamics in aeolian deposits     

Marjorie A. Chan  Stephen T. Hasiotis  Judith T. Parrish 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):513-535

Soft‐sediment deformation of contorted and massive sandstone is common throughout much of the siliciclastic record, but clastic pipes represent a distinctive class of pressurized synsedimentary features. Remarkable centimetre to metre‐scale clastic pipe exposures in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of Utah (USA) establish a range of pipe sizes, expressions and relationships to the host rock in an erg margin setting, traditionally thought to be just a dry desert system. In particular, the field and laboratory characterizations of cylindrical pipes show internal concentric, annular rings that imply water fluidization, with alignment of long grain axes due to shear flow along pipe margins. Central interior parts of decimetre‐scale pipes appear massive in plan view, but display weakly developed pseudobedding from post‐pressure release, gravitational settling in the cross‐sectional view. Deformation features of conjugate fractures, ring faults, hypotrochoid patterns (geometric arcs and circles) and breccia in the host material reflect both brittle and ductile behaviour in response to the fluidization and injection of the clastic pipes. The stratigraphic context of individual pipes and the stratabound intervals of pipe features imply dynamic deformation nearly coincident with deposition in this Early Jurassic aeolian system related to multiple factors of groundwater expulsion, timing and local host sediment properties that influenced pipe development. Although the pipe features might be easily overlooked as a smaller scale feature of soft‐sediment deformation in dune deposits, these are valuable environmental indications of disrupted fluid pathways within porous, reservoir quality sands, associated with possible combinations of periodic springs, high water‐table conditions and strong ground‐motion events. These pipe examples may be important analogues where exposures are not so clear, with applications to diverse modern and ancient clastic settings internationally on Earth as well as in planetary explorations such as on Mars.  相似文献   

Early burial mud diapirism and its impact on stratigraphic architecture in the Carboniferous of the Shannon Basin,County Clare,Ireland     

Sbastien Blanchard  Edward J. Matheson  Christopher R. Fielding  James L. Best  Alexander B. Bryk  Kalin J. Howell  Charles C. Monson  Gosia Mahoney  Jeffrey Peakall 《Sedimentology》2019,66(1):329-361

Delta fronts are often characterized by high rates of sediment supply that result in unstable slopes and a wide variety of soft‐sediment deformation, including the formation of overpressured and mobile muds that may flow plastically during early burial, potentially forming mud diapirs. The coastal cliffs of County Clare, western Ireland, expose Pennsylvanian (Namurian) delta‐front deposits of the Shannon Basin at large scale and in three dimensions. These deposits include decametre‐scale, internally chaotic mudstone masses that clearly impact the surrounding sedimentary strata. Evidence indicates that these were true mud (unlithified sediment) diapirs that pierced overlying strata. This study documents a well‐exposed ca 20 m tall mud diapir and its impact on the surrounding mouth‐bar deposits of the Tullig Cyclothem. A synsedimentary fault and associated rollover dome, evident from stratal thicknesses and the dip of the beds, define one edge of the diapir. These features are interpreted as recording the reactive rise of the mud diapir in response to extensional faulting along its margin. Above the diapir, heterolithic sandstones and siltstones contain evidence for the creation of localized accommodation, suggesting synsedimentary filling, tilting and erosion of a shallow sag basin accommodated by the progressive collapse of the diapir. Two other diapirs are investigated using three‐dimensional models built from ‘structure from motion’ drone imagery. Both diapirs are interpreted to have grown predominantly through passive rise (downbuilding). Stratal relationships for all three diapirs indicate that they were uncompacted and fluid‐rich mud beds that became mobilized through soft‐sediment deformation during early burial (i.e. <50 m, likely <10 m depth). Each diapir locally controlled the stratigraphic architecture in the shallow subsurface and potentially influenced local palaeocurrents on the delta. The mud diapirs studied herein are distinct from deeper ‘shale diapirs’ that have been inferred from seismic sections worldwide, now largely disputed.  相似文献   

考虑固结历史的结构性软土路基沉降数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋晶  叶冠林  徐永福  孙德安 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):1037-1046

沿海地区广泛分布结构性海相软土,给公路运营带来很多安全隐患。通过研究某高速公路江苏段,提出了基于Shanghai软土本构模型,利用现有路基下软土的固结试验结果反推施工前原状土本构参数取值的方法。通过水-土耦合有限元程序模拟路基长期沉降,分析了土层结构性、渗透性、软土层厚度对路基沉降发展的影响。结果表明,土层初始结构性越强,加载阶段孔隙累积值越大,施工沉降越大;工后土体结构性变化越大,土层压缩越明显。土体渗透性影响路基沉降,渗透性越小,累积孔压越大,沉降时间越长,总沉降量与工后沉降占比越大。软土层厚度影响路基沉降发展,土层越厚,路基最终沉降越大,沉降稳定时间越长。  相似文献   

水平双向荷载耦合对饱和软黏土动力特性的影响     

胡秀青  张艳  符洪涛  陈琳  罗盼  聂勇  王军 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):839-847

地震过程中剪切波可用大小和方向上相互耦合的水平两向剪切来模拟。以温州典型软黏土为对象,采用多向动单剪系统(VDDCSS)进行不排水应力控制的循环单剪试验,重点研究了水平双向耦合荷载作用下循环剪应力比(SSR)和相位差?对饱和软黏土动力特性的影响,试验组数共计19组。试验结果表明:在单向循环剪切荷载作用下温州正常固结饱和软黏土的门槛循环应力比SSR_(x,menkan)为0.096,临界循环应力比SSR_(x,limit)为0.15;水平双向耦合荷载作用下,双向循环应力比SSR(SSR_x(28)SSR_y)的提高以及循环次数N的增加会促进剪应变?的增加和孔压u的发展;当SSR稍微大于SSR_(x,menkan)时,?的增加也会阻碍?和u发展,在临界循环应力比SSR_(x,limit)附近,?的存在会急剧加快土样总应变和孔压的发展,当SSRSSR_(x,limit)时,相位差?的存在对土样总应变和孔压发展的影响基本可以忽略。  相似文献