太阳辐照的观测研究进展     

徐景晨  李可军 《天文学进展》2011,29(2):132-147

太阳总辐照是指在地球大气层顶接收到的太阳总辐射照度,也叫"太阳常数",但它实际上并非常数。太阳总辐照随波长的分布即为太阳分光辐照。太阳辐照变化的研究,对理解太阳表面及内部活动的物理过程、机制,研究地球大气、日地关系,解决人类面临的全球气候变暖的挑战等,都具有重要意义。首先简单介绍了太阳辐照,回顾了太阳辐照的空间观测;接着介绍了观测数据的并合,以及对合成数据的一些研究;然后讨论了太阳辐照变化的原因,简述了太阳总辐照的重构及其在气候研究上的一些应用,并进行必要的评论;最后对未来的研究方向提出了一些看法。  相似文献   

明嘉靖六年《大统历》历书的气朔推步精度     

李勇 《天文学进展》2011,29(2)

历书是历法的民用本.考察了明嘉靖六年(1527年)<大统历>历书,根据历书所颁朔日和节气时刻,以及先期恢复的<授时历>和<大统历>推步术,并利用现代天文历算结果,可考校得出:(1)历书所载朔日和节气日期、时刻确由<大统历>推得;(2)<大统历>与<授时历>推步结果存在差异,推朔平均差33.35 min或34.93 min,推气平均差86.40 min,且两者均有差1日现象;(3)<大统历>与现代推算合朔时刻的平均误差为24.50 min或44.03 min,与现代推算节气时刻的差平均为1.25 d,若扣除太阳中心差则节气推步的误差将减少到86.40 min.  相似文献   

米波太阳射电频谱仪的科学目标和技术方案     

施硕彪  董亮  高冠男  汪敏  夏志国 《天文研究与技术》2011,(3):229-235

介绍了70～700MHz低频太阳射电频谱仪的科学目标和技术方案,给出了11m 网状抛物面天线、接收系统、数字频谱终端的技术指标.并对系统的整机噪声系数、灵敏度、最小可测流量密度、LNA输入端的噪声功率进行了估计.系统频谱分辨率优于0.2MHz,时间分辨率最高可达2 ms.  相似文献   

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope: A status report     

S.L. Keil  T.R. Rimmele  J. Wagner  the ATST team 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2010,331(6):609-614

Magnetic fields control the inconstant Sun. The key to understanding solar variability and its direct impact on the Earth rests with understanding all aspects of these magnetic fields. The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST) has been design specifically for magnetic remote sensing. Its collecting area, spatial resolution, scattered light, polarization properties, and wavelength performance all insure ATST will be able to observe magnetic fields at all heights in the solar atmosphere from photosphere to corona. After several years of design efforts, ATST has been approved by the U.S. National Science Foundation to begin construction with a not to exceed cost cap of approximately $298M. Work packages for major telescope components will be released for bid over the next several months. An application for a building permit has been submitted (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Structure of radio sources at wavelengths 10.5 and 12.0 cm from observations of the Solar eclipse on March 29, 2006     

Yu. F. Yurovsky 《Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory》2007,103(1):30-38

The eclipse observations were performed at the Laboratory of Radio Astronomy of the CrAO in Katsiveli with stationary instrumentation of the Solar Patrol at wavelengths of 10.5 and 12.0 cm. The data obtained were used to determine the brightness temperature of the undisturbed Sun at solar activity minimum between 11-year cycles 23 and 24: T _d10.5 = (43.7 ± 0.5) × 10³ K at 10.5 cm and T _d12.0 = (51.8 ± 0.5) × 10³ K at 12.0 cm. The radio brightness distribution above the limb group of sunspots NOAA 0866 was calculated. It shows that at both wavelengths the source consisted of a compact bright nucleus about 50 × 10³ km in size with temperatures T _b10.5 = 0.94 × 10⁶ K and T _b12.0 = 2.15 × 10⁶ K located, respectively, at heights h _10.5 = 33.5 × 10³ km and h _12.0 = 43.3 × 10³ km above the sunspot and an extended halo with a temperature T _b = (230–300) × 10³ K stretching to a height of 157 × 10³ km above the photosphere. The revealed spatial structure of the local source is consistent with the universally accepted assumption that the radiation from the bright part of the source is generated by electrons in the sunspot magnetic fields at the second-third cyclotron frequency harmonics and that the halo is the bremsstrahlung of thermal electrons in the coronal condensation forming an active region. According to the eclipse results, the electron density near the upper boundary of the condensation was N _e ≈ 2.3 × 10⁸ cm^?3, while the optical depth was τ ≈ 0.1 at an electron temperature T _e ≈ 10⁶ K. Thus, the observations of the March 29, 2006 eclipse have allowed the height of the coronal condensation at solar activity minimum to be experimentally determined and the physical parameters of the plasma near its upper boundary to be estimated.  相似文献   

Ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation at the Earth’s bow shock     

E. G. Berezhko  S. N. Taneev 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(5):346-353

The processes of ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation by accelerated particles at the Earth’s bow shock are studied within a quasi-linear approach. Steady-state ion and wave spectra are shown to be established in a time of 0.3–4 h, depending on the background level of Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind. The Alfvén waves produced by accelerated ions are confined within the frequency range 10^?2–1 Hz and their spectral peak with a wave amplitude βB ～ B comparable to the interplanetary magnetic field strength B corresponds to the frequency v = (2–3) × 10^?2 Hz. The high-frequency part of the wave spectrum (v > 0.2 Hz) undergoes damping by thermal ions. The calculated spectra of the accelerated ions and the Alfvén waves generated by them reproduce the main features observed in experiments.  相似文献   

Solar cycles during the Maunder minimum     

Yu. A. Nagovitsyn 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(5):340-345

We have obtained new consistent versions of the 400-yr time series of the Wolf sunspot number W, the sunspot group number G, and the total sunspot area S (or the total sunspot magnetic flux Φ). We show that the 11-yr cycle did not cease during the Maunder minimum of solar activity. The characteristics of the extrema of individual 11-yr cycles in 1600–2005 have been determined in terms of the total sunspot area index. We provide arguments for using alternating (“magnetic”) time series of indices in investigating the solar cyclicity.  相似文献   

中国地源热泵技术应用及进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙友宏  仲崇梅  王庆华 《探矿工程》2010,37(10):30-34

地源热泵技术在中国应用时间不长,但推广应用速度非常快,几乎以每年20%以上的速度增长,尤其在上海世博场馆中大面积推广,取得了很好的节能效果。随着该技术的推广应用和深入研究,我国已掌握了地源热泵的全套技术,并在浅层地热能勘查评价规范、钻孔热反应测试技术、高效地下热交换井以及太阳能与地源热泵技术的联合应用等方面都取得了一些新进展,这些成果的取得将为实现我国2050年的节能减排目标提供技术保障。  相似文献   

Angstrom公式参数对ET₀的影响及FAO建议值适用性评价   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

胡庆芳  杨大文  王银堂  杨汉波 《水科学进展》2010,21(5):644-652

作为计算太阳总辐射(R_s)的主要公式,Angstrom公式参数(a、b)的合理取值是计算参照腾发量(ET₀)的重要前提。针对FAO所提出的a、b建议值(a=0.25、b=0.5)在中国无辐射观测资料地区被大量使用,而其合理性尚未得到系统评价的情况,基于中国104个地面站的观测数据,在逐月时间尺度上,讨论了a、b变化对ET₀的影响,分析了a、b的地区分布规律,评价了FAO建议值所导致的ET₀计算误差,进而阐明了该建议值在中国7个区域的适用性。提出了无辐射资料情况下a、b的地区综合取值方法。主要研究结论是:①参数a、b偏差对ET₀的计算有重要影响,在中国无资料地区采用FAO建议值将导致较大的太阳总辐射(R_s)和ET₀计算误差。②大多数站点,a的率定值较FAO建议值明显偏小,而b的率定值明显偏大。新疆地区和华南地区a、b率定值分布比较集中,而在其它区域比较分散。③FAO建议参数值在东北、西北和新疆3个区域计算ET₀的适用性较好,而在西南和华南两个区域的适用性很差,计算的ET₀偏高较大。④提出的地区综合取值方法,能使R_s和ET₀的计算精度较FAO建议值显著提高。  相似文献   

中国太阳能供热采暖技术的现状与发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑瑞澄 《中国勘察设计》2010,(7):68-71

本文介绍了我国太阳能供热采暖技术的发展现状及工程实例,指出了该项技术与国际先进水平的差距及存在的主要问题,提出了太阳能供热采暖今后在我国的发展趋势、发展目标和重点任务。  相似文献