大气气溶胶折射率虚部的宽谱反演方法I.理论     

尉东胶  邱金桓 《大气科学》1998,(5)

提出了从宽谱太阳漫射辐射信息反演大气气溶胶折射率虚部的新方法。通过敏感性分析发现：宽谱太阳漫射辐射对大气气溶胶折射率虚部的变化非常敏感,而对粒子谱分布、气溶胶折射率实部、地表反射率、大气中水汽和臭氧含量的变化不很敏感或弱敏感,因此可以从中较好地提取大气气溶胶折射率虚部。数值试验表明该方法具有较高的精度。  相似文献   

Development dynamics of intense solar proton flares     

A. B. Struminsky  I. V. Zimovets 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(9):615-621

We consider the relationship of electromagnetic radiation in the three most intense flares of solar cycle 23, more specifically, those of October 28, 2003, January 20, 2005, and September 7, 2005, to the acceleration and release of protons into interplanetary space. The impulsive phase of these flares lasted ～ 20 min and consisted of at least three energy release episodes, which differed by their manifestation in the soft (1–8 Å, GOES) and hard (>150 keV, INTEGRAL) X-ray ranges as well as at radio frequencies of 245 MHz and 8.8 GHz. The protons and electrons were accelerated in each episode, but with a different efficiency; the relativistic protons were accelerated only after 5–6min of impulsive-phase development after the onset of a coronal mass ejection. It is at this time that maximum hard X-ray fluxes were observed in the September 7, 2005 event, which exceeded severalfold those for the other two flares considered. We associate the record fluxes of protons with energies > 200MeV observed in the heliosphere in the September 7, 2005 event with the dynamics of the impulsive phase. The extreme intensities of the microwave emission in the October 28, 2003 and January 20, 2005 events were probably attributable to the high-energy electron trapping conditions and did not reflect the acceleration process.  相似文献   

A multiproxy climate record from a raised bog in County Fermanagh,Northern Ireland: a critical examination of the link between bog surface wetness and solar variability     

Graeme T. Swindles  Gill Plunkett  Helen M. Roe 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(7):667-679

A proxy climate record from a raised bog in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, is presented. The record spans the interval between 2850 cal. yr BC and cal. yr AD 1000 and chronological control is achieved through the use of tephrochronology and ¹⁴C dating, including a wiggle‐match on one section of the record. Palaeoclimatic inferences are based on a combination of a testate amoebae‐derived water table reconstruction, peat humification and plant macrofossil analyses. This multiproxy approach enables proxy‐specific effects to be identified. Major wet shifts are registered in the proxies at ca. 1510 cal. yr BC, 750 cal. yr BC and cal. yr AD 470. Smaller magnitude shifts to wetter conditions are also recorded at ca. 380 cal. yr BC, 150 cal. yr BC, cal. yr AD 180, and cal. yr AD 690. It is hypothesised that the wet shifts are not merely local events as they appear to be linked to wider climate deteriorations in northwest Europe. Harmonic analysis of the proxies illustrates statistically significant periodicities of 580, 423–373, 307 and 265 years that may be related to wider Holocene climate cycles. This paper illustrates how the timing of climate changes registered in peat profiles records can be precisely constrained using tephrochronology to examine possible climatic responses to solar forcing. Relying on interpolated chronologies with considerable dating uncertainty must be avoided if the climatic responses to forcing mechanisms are to be fully understood. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A New Protocol for the Astrometric Follow-up of Near Earth Asteroids     

A. Boattini  G. D’Abramo  G. B. Valsecchi  A. Carusi 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2007,100(1-2):31-41

A new protocol was devised to improve the efficiency of astrometric follow-up observations of Near Earth Asteroids for the accurate determination of their orbits. It was implemented in the activities of the Spaceguard Central Node (SCN, a facility of the Spaceguard Foundation, established with the support of the European Space Agency) in the form of a Priority List. Here we describe this protocol and results obtained during five years of activity (2000–2004).  相似文献   

Communities structure of the planktonic halophiles in the solar saltern of Sfax,Tunisia     

Jannet Elloumi  Jean-François CarriasHabib Ayadi  Télesphore Sime-NgandoAbderrahmen Bouaïn 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The composition and distribution of the main planktonic halophilic micro-organisms (heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton, nanoplankton, phytoplankton, ciliates) and metazooplankton were investigated in six ponds of increasing salinity in the solar salt works of Sfax, Tunisia, from January to December 2003. Marked changes in the composition and biomass of the communities were found along the salinity gradient, especially at salinities of 150 and 350. Autotrophic picoplankton, nanoplankton, diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates characterized the less salted ponds. Planktonic biomass was the highest at intermediate salinity as a consequence of a bloom of Ochromonas. Species richness of phytoplankton, ciliates and zooplankton greatly decrease above a salinity of 150 and typical halophiles (Dunaliella salina, cyanobacteria, Fabrea salina and Artemia salina) were found between 150 and 350 salinity. In this environment, F. salina appeared more adapted than the brine shrimp to survive during phytoplankton blooms. The halophilic plankton was however almost entirely composed of heterotrophic prokaryotes in the crystallizers. We thus observed a progressive disappearance of the autotrophic planktonic communities along the salinity gradient. Multivariate analysis of the communities provides evidence that ponds represent discrete aquatic ecosystems within this salt works.  相似文献   

Prediction of Space Weather Using an Asymmetric Cone Model for Halo CMEs     

G. Michalek  N. Gopalswamy  S. Yashiro 《Solar physics》2007,246(2):399-408

Halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) are responsible of the most severe geomagnetic storms. A prediction of their geoeffectiveness and travel time to Earth’s vicinity is crucial to forecast space weather. Unfortunately, coronagraphic observations are subjected to projection effects and do not provide true characteristics of CMEs. Recently, Michalek (Solar Phys. 237, 101, 2006) developed an asymmetric cone model to obtain the space speed, width, and source location of HCMEs. We applied this technique to obtain the parameters of all front-sided HCMEs observed by the SOHO/LASCO experiment during a period from the beginning of 2001 until the end of 2002 (solar cycle 23). These parameters were applied for space weather forecasting. Our study finds that the space speeds are strongly correlated with the travel times of HCMEs to Earth’s vicinity and with the magnitudes related to geomagnetic disturbances.  相似文献   

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朱春春  李征航  屈小川  申小平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(1):81-86

??RINEX HO???????GPS?????λ?????е???(?????????)????????????????????GPS???????е??????????(ΔI_H)^p,q_i,g??????????(ΔI_H)^p,q_i,g????γ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡???Bernese 5.0???????????????????????????????δ???и????????????????????л????????????????????????????????Δb_H???????????Δb_H???????С????????????????????Δ??b??H??????????????????????????????????????????ε??С??Δb_H?????????  相似文献   

新太阳光压模型在GNSS定轨中的应用     

常春涛  慕仁海  程鹏飞  成英燕 《测绘科学》2021,46(2):78-84

太阳光压摄动是影响卫星定轨中重要的误差源,在GNSS导航卫星精密定轨过程中使用最为广泛的光压模型为ECOM模型。为了探究几种ECOM模型及其适用性,该文以超快速星历为起算轨道,分析对比经典ECOM-1模型与最新13参数ECOMC模型对GPS/BDS卫星轨道的影响。结果显示:相较于ECOM-1模型,ECOMC模型在GPS定轨中精度有所提升,特别体现在径向精度提升,单天与三天弧段在径向的解算精度分别提升了12.73%和24.74%;在BDS定轨中,采用ECOMC模型,部分GEO卫星在径向方向单天精度有12.38%的提升,而对于IGSO与MEO卫星二者精度差异不大;分析可得,由于星体结构不对称引起卫星在沿太阳-卫星方向作用的偶数阶短周期谐波扰动,引入卫星-太阳方向偶数阶项的参数估计可提升卫星径向精度。  相似文献   

太湖北岸太阳辐射的影响因子研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

曹登峰  刘端阳  周彬  苏艳 《气象科学》2015,35(2):167-175

利用2 a的太阳辐射资料,对太湖北岸城乡的太阳辐射特征进行了对比分析。发现:(1)城市太阳总辐射较郊区明显偏低,偏低幅度达到13 %以上。(2)太阳辐射量最小值一般发生在冬季,但最强太阳辐射却不一定发生在夏季。这正好与6月中下旬到7月上中旬江南梅雨相对应。(3)太阳辐射率随云量增加而降低,5成云以下太阳辐射率变化不大,天空云量达到5成以上时对太阳辐射有较强的阻挡作用。晴到少云天气,霾的严重程度对太阳辐射率影响较大,重度霾太阳辐射率不到无霾日的75 %。(4)降水对太阳辐射影响很大,但降水量级对太阳辐射的影响却很小。气温与太阳辐射的关系很小,但白天平均气温＜0 ℃和≥30 ℃时太阳辐射率却最大。太阳辐射随日照减少而降低,但在日照时数为0时仍有太阳辐射率存在。太阳辐射基本上随能见度的增加而增加。在晴朗少云的天气里,由于能见度的影响太阳辐射率最大值是最小值的1.53倍。  相似文献   

太阳活动变化对东亚冬季气候的非对称影响及可能机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑞丽  肖子牛  朱克云  高枞亭 《大气科学》2015,39(4):815-826

基于1959～2013年的观测和再分析资料以及10.7 cm(2800 MHz)太阳射电通量资料, 本文分析了太阳活动变化与东亚冬季气候的相关关系, 分析结果表明:太阳活动变化与东亚冬季大气环流有较好的相关性, 且在太阳活动的强、弱时期该相关关系存在很大差异, 在强太阳活动时期太阳活动变化与东亚冬季气候的联系更为显著, 而在弱太阳活动时期二者之间的直接联系微弱, 这表明太阳活动变化对东亚冬季气候的影响具有非对称性特征。在太阳活动较强的时期, 随着太阳活动的增强, 东亚中高纬对流层中层的大气环流倾向纬向型, 东亚大槽减弱, 850 hPa出现异常偏南风, 地面上西伯利亚高压以及冬季风减弱, 东亚大部分地区气温显著偏高;而在太阳活动较弱的时期, 太阳活动的年际差异与东亚冬季大气环流之间几乎不存在显著联系。分析太阳活动较强和较弱时期纬向平均纬向风的差异发现, 其间平流层行星波活动、热带西北太平洋海表温度的差异可能是造成这种非对称影响的重要原因。在强太阳活动时期, 平流层行星波在太阳活动的异常增强年有异常的从极地向赤道的水平传播, 高纬地区E-P通量(Eliassen-Palm flux)异常辐散, 导致中高纬西风及北极涛动(AO)增强, 同时热带西北太平洋海温异常偏冷, 海陆热力差异缩小, 大气环流经向度减弱, 东亚冬季风偏弱。  相似文献