NaCl胁迫对胡杨和新疆杨幼苗体内K+、Na+和Cl-分布的影响     

王新英  史军辉  刘茂秀 《中国沙漠》2013,33(1):126-132

采用盆栽沙培,研究了不同浓度NaCl处理下耐盐性不同的胡杨和新疆杨2种杨属物种幼苗体内K+、Na+和Cl-在器官间的区域化分布及其吸收运输特性,以揭示其耐盐性差异机制。结果表明：①NaCl胁迫下,2种植物体内K+含量下降,Na+和Cl-含量增加。不同器官中,K+含量叶中最高,茎中次之,根中最低;Na+含量由高到低依次为叶>根>茎;Cl-含量在2种植物间存在差异,胡杨叶中Cl-含量最高,根中次之,而新疆杨则是根中最高,叶中次之,但均是茎中最低。就各离子变化幅度而言,胡杨体内K+含量下降幅度及Na+增加幅度均低于新疆杨;胡杨根和茎中Cl-含量增加幅度小于新疆杨,而在叶中的增加幅度大于新疆杨。②2种植物体内K+/Na+值均随着NaCl浓度的升高而降低;除了低盐胁迫的茎以外,胡杨各器官中的K+/Na+值均显著高于新疆杨。与耐盐性较弱的新疆杨相比,胡杨根-茎运输选择性SK,Na值较低,而茎-叶运输选择性SK,Na值较高,根系截留Na+的能力较强。③随着NaCl浓度的增加,胡杨根向茎运输的SCl,Na值呈降低趋势,而新疆杨呈先降低后增加的趋势。耐盐性强的胡杨根向茎运输的SCl,Na值显著高于新疆杨,而茎向叶运输的SCl,Na值均低于新疆杨（2.0%NaCl处理除外）。以上结果表明,NaCl胁迫下胡杨是将盐分离子优先积累在根系来抵抗盐害,而新疆杨则是将盐分离子优先积累在茎部抵抗盐害。胡杨细胞拒盐性及液泡对盐分离子区隔化能力、维持K+、Na+平衡的能力较新疆杨强是其耐盐性优于新疆杨的主要原因。  相似文献   

青岛大气中甲磺酸的含量分析     

张广卷  杨桂朋 《海洋科学》2012,36(2):40-45

二甲基硫(CH3SCH3,或DMS)是大气硫化物最主要的天然来源之一,是由海洋浮游植物产生的。其在大气中的氧化产物甲磺酸(MSA)和非海盐硫酸盐(Nss-SO42-)是沿海天然降水中酸性物质的主要贡献者。对大气气溶胶中甲磺酸的采样条件及测定方法进行了探讨,利用离子色谱技术测定了青岛春季大气气溶胶中甲磺酸质量浓度平均为0.376μg/m3,并与文献结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

水泥改良土强度的海水侵蚀效应与数值模拟     

谈云志  胡莫珍  杨爱武  吴翩 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):492-498

滨海地区改良软土会受到海水的长期浸泡作用,为获得其力学性能随时间的演化规律,依据海水的主要物质成分和含量制备了盐水溶液。选取天津滨海新区的软土,掺入15%的水泥进行养护,为便于对比分析,选用有机质含量低的粉土作比较。为了说明盐溶液浸泡的作用,进行了盐水和淡水两种浸泡方式的对比试验。无侧限抗压强度试验结果表明,改良软土历经淡水溶液和盐溶液浸泡3 d后其强度差值达到最大,7 d和28 d养护龄期试样分别相差0.40、1.28 MPa,建议利用28 d的标准养护龄期强度作为设计参考值。利用Geo-Studio中的Seep/W和CTRAN模块模拟了盐溶液离子浸入试样的过程,发现离子在试样内部迁移2～3 d趋于平稳,主要迁移至离试样表层5 mm的区域范围内,数值计算结果与宏观力学试验结果相一致。  相似文献   

2013年仙游M_S4.8地震福建水化学前兆异常     

林国元  朱继承  黄其昌  王晓韡 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(2):64-70

2013年9月4日福建仙游(25.6°N,118.8°E)发生MS4.8地震,福建水化学台网震前有多项前兆数据出现异常变化,异常测项随着临震而增加,异常集中出现在6—9月;水化学异常大多表现为中期异常,其次为短期、短临异常。其中,氟离子高值异常显著,异常井多,时间长;在时间进程上,有些前兆异常具有明显的层次性和阶段性;在异常形态上,多井异常形态变化显示一致性和不一致性,个体与群体异常形态变化显示差异性。  相似文献   

西宁市贵德县河滨公园林场第四系含水层弥散试验研究     

罗奇斌  康卫东  郭康 《现代地质》2015,29(2):245-251

地下水污染问题日益严重,研究溶质运移的弥散理论开始应用于实际问题。建立地下水溶质运移模型,对地下水中污染物的运移及发展趋势进行准确预测,是对地下水进行保护、对地下水污染进行控制的基础。而弥散参数的确定则是地下水溶质运移模型建立的关键环节之一,直接影响着模型预测结果的精度和准确性。 对西宁市贵德县地下水污染的水质运移规律进行分析,在贵德县河滨公园林场采用径向收敛流水动力弥散理论方法进行了第四系含水层现场弥散试验,计算了试验场地潜水含水层的弥散度,获得纵向弥散度(a_L)为0.843~0.998 cm,横向弥散度(a_T)经验推断值为0.17~0.20 cm,为进一步建立该地区的地下水溶质运移模型、预测地下水污染的发展趋势和评价该地区地下水环境质量提供了数据参考。  相似文献   

喀斯特洼地石灰岩水平溶蚀凹槽研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李玉辉  丁智强  覃娜  俞筱押  陈兴波  周天秀  刘澄静  何能 《中国岩溶》2015,34(5):421-430

以云南石林喀斯特洼地灰岩水平凹槽为模拟对象,用氧化钙粉柱（CaO)和岩盐柱（NaCl为主）进行水平凹槽发育实验。实验结果表明,在流动湖水、水渠、静水湖泊和湿地中形成了半环形颈状水平凹槽、环形颈状水平凹槽、倾斜凹槽、双层水平凹槽,湖岸高坡土层中不发育凹槽。岩盐柱溶蚀水平凹槽深度发育速度（1.2~4.56 cm/h）大于钙粉柱水平溶蚀凹槽发育速度（0.000 4~ 0.008 9 cm/h）。相同成分岩石的水平凹槽发育速度在流水和静水中的差值为3~22倍,水中发育速度是土层中的2倍。石林地区喀斯特洼地石灰岩凹槽类型多样。实验和调查结果对比,发现能指示湖泊湿地水位变动凹槽类型主要有半环形颈状水平凹槽、环形颈状水平凹槽、环形半曲面凹槽,分别对应湖泊岸坡、湖泊、湿地中心。实测水平凹槽平均深度63.95±33.40 cm。用碳酸盐岩综合侵蚀率（化学溶蚀率的1.5倍,135 mm·ka-1）与气岩界面溶蚀率（5.2 mm·ka-1）的差值（129.8 mm·ka-1）为水平溶蚀凹槽发育速率,算得到石林喀斯特洼地石灰岩水平凹槽持续发育时间为4.92±2.573 ka。据此推断,约5 000年前,石林喀斯特洼地石灰岩底部开始发育水平凹槽,湖泊湿地密度16%(0.15km2/km2),属高原喀斯特湖泊湿地区,现今湖泊湿地密度不到0.5%。这有可能表明研究区从5 000年前的湿润降雨丰沛期转向了现代干湿季气候与人类强烈活动干扰,湖泊湿地面积发生深刻变化。   相似文献   

Extraction of soluble collagen and its feasibility in the palaeodietary research     

WANG Ning  HU YaoWu  HOU LiangLiang  YANG RuiPing  SONG GuoDing  WANG ChangSui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1039-1047

In current palaeodietary research, gelatinization is the main method to extract insoluble collagen(ISC) from ancient bones. However, the degradation products of ISC, i.e., soluble collagen(SC), is often neglected and abandoned. In this work, we try to separate the extracts of ancient bones using gel chromatography and compare the contents of carbon and nitrogen, atomic C/N ratio, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic values of the extracts from three peaks to determine which peak can be attributed to SC. At last, the potential application of SC in palaeodietary research is discussed based on the comparison of stable isotopic values between ISC and SC. Among the three peaks, the second with the retention time between 17.5 min and 27.5 min had the most broad peak shape, indicating that the molecular weights of proteins collected were most variable. Besides, the contents of carbon and nitrogen and atomic C/N ratio of extracts in this peak were closest to the corresponding ISC. Based on the above, we conclude that the extract in second peak is SC. More important, the δ 13C and δ 15N values of ISC and SC are very similar. For ISC and SC with atomic C/N ratios within the normal range(2.9–3.6), the mean difference of δ 13C value was only(0.3±0.2)‰(n=2) while δ 15N value was(0.6±0.1)‰(n=2). Although the atomic C/N ratios of some SC are slightly beyond the normal range, the mean differences of δ 13C and δ 15N values were still only(0.4±0.1)‰ and(0.3±0)‰(n=2) respectively. These isotopic differences are quite below the isotope fractionation in one trophic level(δ 13C values of 1‰–1.5‰ and δ 15N values of 3‰–5‰), suggesting that SC had great application potentials in palaeodietary research.  相似文献   

Ion dynamics associated with substorm dipolarization fronts     

Song Fu  Maha Ashour-Abdalla  XiaoHua Deng  Mostafa El-Alaoui  Meng Zhou  Robert L. Richard  Raymond J. Walker  ZhiGang Yuan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2543-2551

We report where and how ions are accelerated in the proximity of earthward propagating dipolarization fronts(DFs) in the magnetotail during a magnetospheric substorm on February 15, 2008. Two DFs were observed by multiple THEMIS spacecraft in the near-Earth magnetotail(~?10 Re). We studied the ion dynamics associated with these DFs by comparing observed results with large scale kinetic(LSK) simulation results. The LSK simulation reproduced the sudden ion energy flux enhancement concurrent with the arrival of the DF at the satellite locations. We found that ions can be accelerated to more than 100 keV energy at the DF. These ions were initially non-adiabatically accelerated near magnetic reconnection site and then still non-adiabatically accelerated at the DF structure.  相似文献   

NaCl胁迫下红砂愈伤组织中主要离子累积特征的研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

谭会娟  贾荣亮  刘玉冰  赵昕  李新荣 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1305-1310

盐胁迫下植物对Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-的选择性吸收代表了植物对盐胁迫的适应性。以荒漠植物红砂为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫对红砂愈伤组织Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-含量的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下红砂组织相对生长率随着盐浓度的增加先增加后下降, 100 mM处理时达到最大;K+、Ca2+含量下降,Na+和Cl-含量升高,变化幅度随NaCl浓度的增加而增大。红砂愈伤组织具有很强的耐盐能力,低浓度NaCl处理可促进愈伤组织的生长,对Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-的吸收选择性提高,有利于避免离子代谢紊乱,减轻NaCl胁迫的伤害;在较高浓度下盐胁迫会对植物的生长造成一定的抑制。可见,离子平衡是红砂组织耐盐性的重要机理之一。  相似文献   

Zn(II) Ion Biosorption onto Surface of Eucalyptus Leaf Biomass: Isotherm,Kinetic, and Mechanistic Modeling     

Vishal Mishra  Chandrajit Balomajumder  Vijay Kumar Agarwal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(11):1062-1073

Bioremediation of Zn(II) by biosorption across aqueous phase on to surface of eucalyptus leaf powder has been investigated in present research work. The adsorptive potential of eucalyptus leaf powder was evaluated as function of pH, temperature, contact time, agitation rate and particle size. Maximum metal ion uptake and percentage removal capacity of eucalyptus leaf powder were 23.5 mg g⁻¹ and 94%, respectively, at optimized pH 5, 20 ± 1°C, contact time 6 h, particle size 0.5 mm and agitation rate 200 rpm. The biomass surface analysis revealed the fact that the biomass surface was heterogeneous and porous in nature. The functional groups like amine, amide, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and methyl groups, significantly important for metal ion binding were present on biomass surface in tremendous amount. Additionally, the Fourier transformation IR spectrum analysis of acid and base activated eucalyptus leaf biomass ruled out all the possibilities of the presence of surface functional groups mentioned above. The reaction rate was studied by applying two rate limiting models pseudo first and pseudo second order. Pseudo second order model was found to be more suitable (R² = 0.998) in comparison to pseudo first order (R² = 0.724). Adsorption equilibrium of batch stirred reaction data fitting shows the dominance of Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.99) against Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.887) model with equipartitional involvement of both film and intra particle diffusion as rate limiting steps at differential status of contact time.  相似文献