渗透系数空间变异性研究   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

施小清  吴吉春  袁永生 《水科学进展》2005,16(2):210-215

水文地质参数的空间变异性是随机理论研究的基础,而渗透系数是最为重要的水文地质参数。国外有关渗透参数空间变异性的研究工作已开展很多,但渗透系数究竟服从什么分布目前尚无确切答案。利用Borden含水层试验数据,对渗透系数的空间变异性进行探讨,结果表明若处理方法得当,渗透系数应服从对数正态分布。同时,还对今后野外开展含水层渗透系数空间变异性试验研究提出几点建议。  相似文献   

粗差发现和定位能力与相关系数的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾利亚  岑敏仪  李志林 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(7):621-624

根据粗差判断方程中的判断矩阵和两个统计检验量之间相关系数的函数式,论证了两种不同的研究方法所确定的粗差不能定位的数学模型实际上是相等的。通过算例,不仅说明两种研究方法对观测量不能定位粗差的判断是一致的,而且使用判断矩阵研究观测量的粗差发现和定位能力会更加方便简单。  相似文献   

八面河地区原油、烃源岩中甾类化合物的分布特征及其应用   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  

李素梅  庞雄奇等 《地球科学》2002,27(6):711-717

对渤海湾盆地八面河地区31个分别形成于还原性咸化水体和淡水环境的页岩和泥岩样、20个油样中甾类化合物进行了剖析。结果表明该区烃源岩、原油中的甾类化合物异常丰富，主要包括C27－29规则甾烷、C28－304－甲基甾烷、甲藻甾烷以及芳香甾类；不同层段烃源岩中甾类化合物的分布各具特色，发育于牛庄洼陷南斜坡咸化水体的富藻类沙四段页岩富含4－甲基甾烷及甲藻甾烷，形成于淡水环境的沙三段泥岩中甲藻甾烷不太发育。烃源岩、原油中规则甾烷的分布型式明显有别于甲基甾烷，指示两类化合物可能来源于不同的藻类属种。甾类化合物的分布特征受控于古环境、生物先质种类及热成熟度等多种因素。不同层段甾类化合物的特征性分布使其成为该区油源岩确认的关键指标。结果还表明，甲基甾烷在油源岩识别中比规则甾烷具有更好的应用效果。依据甾类化合物，可判断埋深超过2700m的Es4烃源岩与原油具有较好的相关性，发育于牛洼洼陷南斜坡的未熟－低熟特殊烃源岩－富藻类页岩与原油没有可比性，该结论是对近期油源调查结果的进一步确认。  相似文献   

华北地层大区寒武纪早期地层统一划分与对比问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘德正 《安徽地质》2002,12(1):1-24

基于华北地层大区数百条寒武纪早期地层剖面与安徽淮南地区基准层序(2组2亚组15段1个亚段)和带序(6个三叶虫带)的确切对比,编制了新的沉积分区图;依据有无猴家山组和馒头组下亚组是否完整,划分出5个沉积区;讨论了各区与基准层序-带序的对比;明确了各地方性岩石地层单位(五山组、李官组、碱厂组、辛集组、朱砂洞组、苏峪口组、五道淌组、昌平组、府君山组、老庄户组、水洞组、黑沟组等)的层位归属(具体至段),确认与寒武纪早期地层有关的3个沉积间断(皖北上升、豫陕上升和燕辽上升),归属于重新厘定的蓟县运动的3个期次.  相似文献   

滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿的元素地球化学特征及其物质来源探讨     

饶文波  高振敏  杨竹森  罗泰义  李红阳  陶琰  谱传杰 《地球化学》2002,31(6):577-586

对滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿的主元素，微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征进行了详细的研究。结果表明，主元素Al2O3,Fe2O3和K2O在红色粘土剖面中共迁移同沉淀，SiO2的变化却与它们相反，这揭示了上芒岗红色粘土型金矿的红色粘土层除了残积带红土化程度高外，总体上SiO2含量高，去硅作用不完全，红土化程度低；与地层，矿化蚀变岩的对比分析结果表明，红色粘土是在加勐嘎组泥岩基础上经红土化作用形成的，红色粘土的微量元素表现为Au,Hg,As,Sb,Cu,Pb,Zn和Mo等元素的共生,在红土化好的残积带明显富集；红色粘土的大离子元素分布模式与矿化蚀变岩和嘎组的相似，红色粘土的稀土分布模式与矿化蚀变岩和地层的相似，表现为轻稀土富集的右倾型平缓曲线，稀土元素分蚀明显的地方金富集，以上分析揭示，此金矿的成矿物质主要来自矿化蚀变岩，红色粘土主要来源于勐嘎组和矿化蚀变岩。  相似文献   

湘中锡矿山锑矿床成矿物质来源的同位素示踪   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

彭建堂  胡瑞忠  邹利群  刘建雄 《矿物学报》2002,22(2):155-159

本文利用放射成因同位素（Pb、Sr)和轻稳定同位素（C、O）对锡矿山超大型锑矿床的成矿物质来源进行了示踪，从物源角度揭示了其在规模成矿、元素发生超常富集的原因。研究表明，锡矿山锑矿床的成矿物质不可能是来自赋矿围岩；深部地幔和基底都卷入了该矿的成矿作用；富Sb的交代型地幔和富Sb的元古界基底为其大规模成矿提供了充足的矿源，两者是形成锡成山超大型锑矿床的前提条件。  相似文献   

富碱斑岩中超镁铁深源包体岩石的矿物学特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘显凡  刘家铎  阳正熙  张成江  吴德超  李佑国 《矿物学报》2002,22(3):289-295

在云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中找到超镁铁深源岩石包体，这对于研究富碱斑岩的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。本文较系统地研究了深源包体岩石的矿物学特征，揭示该深源包体具有原始上地幔岩在地幔条件下受到一定程度富集地幔流体交代作用改造的特征，具有富集地幔低程度部分熔融属性，为富碱斑岩的成岩成矿演化提供了重要的矿物学依据。  相似文献   

The Mw = 6.0, 7 September 1999 Athens Earthquake     

Papadimitriou  P.  Voulgaris  N.  Kassaras  I.  Kaviris  G.  Delibasis  N.  Makropoulos  K. 《Natural Hazards》2002,27(1-2):15-33

On 7 September 1999 at 11:56 GMT a destructive earthquake (M_w = 6.0) occurred close to Athens (Greece). The rupture process is examined using data from the Cornet local permanent network, as well as teleseismic recordings. Data recorded by a temporary seismological network were analyzed to study the aftershock sequence. The mainshock was relocated at 38.105°N, 23.565°E, about 20 km northwest of Athens. Four foreshocks were also relocated close to the mainshock. The modeling of teleseismic P and SH waves provides a well-constrained focal mechanism of the mainshock (strike = 105°, dip = 55° and rake = -80°) at a depth of 8 km and a seismic moment M₀ = 1.010²⁵ dyn·cm. The obtained fault plane solution represents normal faulting indicating an almost north-south extension. More than 3500 aftershocks were located, 1813 of which present RMS < 0.1 s and ERH, ERZ < 1.0 km. Two main clusters were distinguished, while the depth distribution is concentrated between 2 and 11 km. Over 1000 fault plane solutions of aftershocks were constrained, the majority of which also correspond to N–S extension. No surface breaks were observed but the fault plane solution of the mainshock is in agreement with the tectonics of the area and with the focal mechanisms obtained by aftershocks. The hypocenter of the mainshock is located on the deep western edge of the fault plane. The relocated epicenter coincides with the fringe that represents the highest deformation observed on the differential interferometric image. The calculated source duration is 5 sec, while the estimated dimensions of the fault are 15 km length and 10 km width. The source process is characterized by unilateral eastward rupture propagation, towards the city of Athens. An evident stop phase observed in the recordings of the Cornet local stations is interpreted as a barrier caused by the Aegaleo Mountain.  相似文献   

Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian history of an active plate margin in the Teplá–Barrandian unit—a correlation of U–Pb isotopic-dilution-TIMS ages (Bohemia, Czech Republic)     

W. Drr  G. Zulauf  J. Fiala  W. Franke  Z. Vejnar 《Tectonophysics》2002,352(1-2)

The Teplá–Barrandian unit (TBU) of the Bohemian Massif shared a common geological history throughout the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian with the Avalonian–Cadomian terranes. The Neoproterozoic evolution of an active plate margin in the Teplá–Barrandian is similar to Avalonian rocks in Newfoundland, whereas the Cambrian transtension and related calc-alkaline plutons are reminiscent of the Cadomian Ossa–Morena Zone and the Armorican Massif in western Europe. The Neoproterozoic evolution of the Teplá–Barrandian unit fits well with that of the Lausitz area (Saxothuringian unit), but is significantly distinct from the history of the Moravo–Silesian unit.The oldest volcanic activity in the Bohemian Massif is dated at 609+17/−19 Ma (U–Pb upper intercept). Subduction-related volcanic rocks have been dated from 585±7 to 568±3 Ma (lower intercept, rhyolite boulders), which pre-dates the age of sedimentation of the Cadomian flysch ( t chovice Group). Accretion, uplift and erosion of the volcanic arc is documented by the Neoproterozoic Dob í conglomerate of the upper part of the flysch. The intrusion age of 541+7/−8 Ma from the Zgorzelec granodiorite is interpreted as a minimum age of the Neoproterozoic sequence. The Neoproterozoic crust was tilted and subsequently early Cambrian intrusions dated at 522±2 Ma (T ovice granite), 524±3 Ma (V epadly granodiorite), 523±3 Ma (Smr ovice tonalite), 523±1 Ma (Smr ovice gabbro) and 524±0.8 Ma (Orlovice gabbro) were emplaced into transtensive shear zones.  相似文献   

Stability of earthquake moment tensor inversions: effect of the double-couple constraint   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Henry  J. H. Woodhouse  S. Das   《Tectonophysics》2002,356(1-3)

We show that spurious large non-double-couple components can be obtained in inversions for the full deviatoric moment tensor for shallow crustal earthquakes due to inaccurate Earth models. The traditional “best double-couple” solution does not in general provide an optimal estimate of a double-couple mechanism, and is only reliable when the non-double-couple component of the full deviatoric solution is small. The inverse problem for the moment tensors of the 1998 Antarctic Plate and 2000 Wharton Basin strike-slip earthquakes is shown in each case to have two well-fitting minima in the misfit function of pure double-couple solutions. Such pairs of solutions are most likely to exist for earthquakes which are close either to vertical strike-slip or to dip-slip on a fault plane dipping at 45°. It is shown theoretically that these pairs of solutions arise from the combination of the pure double-couple constraint and the instability of two elements of the moment tensor. No significant non-double-couple component is found for the shallow thrusting 1996 Biak, Indonesia earthquake.  相似文献