2017年夏季红沿河附近海域溶解态营养元素时空分布特征     

高志梅  董明帆  张广跃  杨福霞  姚庆祯 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(9):89-100

通过2017年7月和8月辽东湾东南部海域两个航次的营养盐的实测数据,对该海域溶解态营养元素的浓度、分布及其主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:夏季红沿河附近海域氨氮(NH4-N)是DIN的主要存在形态,DON是溶解总氮(DTN)的主要存在形态。除NH4-N外,8月航次溶解态无机营养元素浓度均高于7月,而溶解态有机营养元素浓度则低于7月。各种形态营养元素浓度最高值均位于近岸区,总体来说,近岸区营养盐的浓度普遍高于离岸区,河口区营养盐浓度高于非河口区。由河流输入和人类活动引起的陆源输入对该海域营养盐浓度的高低和分布有重要的影响。水团的运动和生物活动也是影响该海域营养盐分布的关键因素。按照化学计量限制的评估方法,绝大部分海域属于磷限制性海域。人类活动导致陆源营养盐输入是红沿河附近海域营养盐的主要来源,也是其水体营养结构失衡的关键原因所在。  相似文献   

吐鲁番盆地侏罗系沉积岩的颜色与铁的赋存状态关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马英俊  郑国东  刘芊 《矿物学报》2006,26(2):137-144

吐鲁番盆地中-上侏罗统是典型的陆相沉积岩,发育了众多彩色岩层,如浅红色、棕色、灰绿色层等。穆斯鲍尔谱法测试结果显示这些沉积岩多变的颜色受其总铁含量和铁元素的赋存状态(化学种)的控制。检测出的铁化学种主要有反铁磁性赤铁矿铁、顺磁性三价铁和顺磁性亚铁,黄铁矿铁仅在很少样品中存在。总体而言,浅红色岩层含有最高的总铁含量和赤铁矿铁,灰色岩层则以顺磁性的亚铁为主,暗色和绿色岩石仅含有顺磁性的二价铁或者与相对丰度较低的三价铁共存。岩石中的铁元素及其化学种是影响其岩性特征,包括颜色的一个重要因素,并进一步影响遥感技术应用的图像解译和谱段选择。  相似文献   

Exsolution enthalpy of water from silicate liquids     

Youxue Zhang 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1999,88(3):972

Because water dissolves in silicate melts as at least two species, H₂O molecules and OH groups, the exsolution (evaporation) enthalpy of the H₂O component from a silicate melt depends on species proportions, which in turn depends on H₂O pressure. In this short communication, a formal analysis of the exsolution enthalpy of water from a silicate melt is presented, taking into account of the role of speciation. The exsolution enthalpy from a rhyolitic melt at 850°C is found to increase with pressure at ≤100 bar and this increase is mostly caused by the speciation reaction. Sahagian and Proussevitch [Sahagian, D.L., Proussevitch, A.A., 1996. Thermal effects of magma degassing. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 74, 19–38] also found an increase of the exsolution enthalpy with pressure up to 20 bar for an albitic melt. However, the rate of increase determined from this work is an order of magnitude less than that determined by Sahagian and Proussevitch. It is concluded that the strong pressure dependence of the exsolution enthalpy at low pressures they inferred is probably an artifact of their treatment. The method presented here is general and can be applied to other multi-species components.  相似文献   

新型氢化物发生技术--可移动还原床氢化物发生器Ⅲ. 作为毛细管区带电泳-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱的接口用于砷的形态分析     

田肖丹  庄峙厦  陈宾  王小如 《岩矿测试》1999,18(3):165-170

发展了一种新型的氢化物发生装置———可移动还原床氢化物发生器（ＭＲＢＨＧ）。应用该技术可将经毛细管区带电泳（ＣＺＥ）分离之后的各种砷的化合物转换为相应的氢化物,然后再被引入到电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）进行检测。对不同形态砷的不同化合物的ＣＺＥ分离条件进行了优化,包括缓冲溶液的ｐＨ值及浓度、进样量等。ＣＺＥ－ＭＲＢＨＧ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ应用于４种砷化合物的定量测定,峰面积的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１．９％～１１．７％。４种砷的浓度检出限分别为：Ａｓ（Ⅲ）、甲胂酸和Ａｓ（Ⅴ）０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,二甲胂酸钠０．３５ｍｇ／Ｌ  相似文献   

Abundance, Sources and Speciation of Trace Elements in Humus-Rich Streams Affected by Acid Sulphate Soils   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mats Åström  Nina Corin 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(3):367-383

The behaviour of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) was studied in five humus-richstreams (dissolved organic carbon = 14–40 mg/L)impacted by acid sulphate soils developed in marinesulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments. During heavyrainfalls in autumn, on which the study focusses, themetals Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn are extensivelyleached from these acidic soils (pH = 2.5–4.5), whileAs, Cr, Fe and V are not leached more strongly fromthis soil type than from areas of till and peat. Aspeciation experiment, based on anion and cationexchange of the stream waters in the field, showedthat (1) the metals Al, Cd, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn aretransported in the streams mainly as inorganiccations, (2) Cu exists mainly in cationic form but isalso to a significant extent associated with dissolvedhumic substances, (3) Fe occurs mainly in the anionicfraction explained by organic coating on colloidal Feoxyhydoxides and (4) the hydrochemistry of As, Cr andV is complex as these elements may exist in severalunquantified anionic fractions and to a minor extentin cationic species/forms. Whereas the proportion ofacid sulphate soils in the catchments had a largeimpact on concentrations levels of several elements inthe stream waters, these soils did not have a largeaffect on the speciation of elements in water.  相似文献   

Arsenic Speciation in a Contaminated Gold Processing Tailings Dam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Olga V. Shuvaeva  Svetlana B. Bortnikova  Tamara M. Korda  Elena V. Lazareva 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2000,24(2):247-252

Gold recovery in ores containing arsenopyrite releases significant amounts of arsenic into the environment due to mineral processing and oxidation during storage. The extent of arsenic weathering in a tailings dam has been investigated. Speciation of As in surface and pore waters and pond sediments showed that for gold tailings in the dam, As enrichment took place in the pore water relative to the surface water. In pond sediments As was predominantly present as residual arsenopyrite and partly as a substance co-precipitated with iron hydroxide. The arsenic release from the sediment results from a reductive dissolution of the arsenopyrite and Fe oxides. In the surface water, arsenate and arsenite are the main arsenic species (arsenate is dominant), but in the pore waters methylation processes play a significant role. Arsenic transport is accompanied by the transformation of As into the less toxic compounds (methylated species) co-existing with the most toxic species (arsenite).  相似文献   

Fractional Determination of Gold in Twenty Six Geological Reference Materials by Sequential Extraction with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry     

Shigeru Terashima  Masahiro Taniguchi 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2000,24(1):7-17

A method is described to estimate the chemical form of gold (Au) in a variety of geological reference samples, combining a sequential extraction scheme with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, after extraction of Au as iodide or chloride with methyl isobutyl ketone. The fractions dissolved by sequential extraction are empirically defined as the exchangeable, amorphous, metallic, aqua regia-soluble and residual fractions. The amounts of Au in the amorphous fraction have been derived mainly from oxide or amorphous phases, and the chemical forms of Au are considered to be mostly amorphous and partly metallic. The metallic fraction of Au is likely to exist as submicroscopic grains of native metal which are relatively free from the rock-forming minerals, whereas the aqua regia-soluble or residual fraction of Au may be bound more intimately perhaps as inclusions or solid solutions of either native metal or electrum in most cases. Satisfactory agreement was observed between the sum of the Au values from exchangeable to residual fractions and the reported total Au values, except for a few samples which contained a large amount of reducing materials. Analytical results of Au for twenty six geological reference materials are tabulated, and geochemical and mineralogical features are discussed.  相似文献   

Distribution of the genus Hypoplectrus (Teleostei: Serranidae) in the Greater Caribbean Region: support for a color‐based speciation     

Alfonso Aguilar‐Perera  Carlos González‐Salas 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):375-387

The reef‐associated fish genus Hypoplectrus (Serranidae), endemic to the western Atlantic Ocean, represents an ideal model to study speciation within a potentially highly dispersive (marine) ecosystem, because it consists of a complex of at least 10 morphs differentiated primarily by coloration. Although several recent studies on genetics, diet, and fertilization reveal little to no difference between the Hypoplectrus color morphs, there is still not a full understanding of what keeps these morphs distinct or drives their variation. Ecological information is needed alongside the genetic information to better understand this variation. Based on presence/absence records from scientific literature and direct observations in coral reefs, this work examined the distribution of the genus Hypoplectrus in the Greater Caribbean region. Some color morphs occurred simultaneously at given locations, but others showed geographic restrictions. Using cluster and nMDS analyses, we found three major groupings according to distribution: (i) widespread (Hypoplectrus puella, Hypoplectrus unicolor, and Hypoplectrus nigricans), (ii) less widespread (Hypoplectrus indigo, Hypoplectrus gummigutta, Hypoplectrus chlorurus, Hypoplectrus aberrans, and Hypoplectrus guttavarius), and (iii) geographically confined or segregated (Hypoplectrus gemma, Hypoplectrus providencianus). Geographic sections selected for the Greater Caribbean (eastern, western and northern) were dominated by at least three widely distributed Hypoplectrus morphs. New geographic records of some color morphs were documented and compared to previous established distribution ranges in the Greater Caribbean.  相似文献   

Copper speciation in estuarine waters by forward and reverse titrations     

Juan Santos-Echeandía  Luis M. Laglera  Ricardo Prego  Constant M.G. van den Berg   《Marine Chemistry》2008,108(3-4):148-158

The chemical speciation of copper in the estuarine waters of the Vigo Ria was determined by titrations with salicylaldoxime (reverse copper titrations) and with copper (forward titrations). The forward titrations quantified the concentrations of ligands present in excess whereas the reverse titrations demonstrated the presence of low concentrations of very strong binding ligands, approximately matching the copper concentration. The data obtained by the reverse titrations indicated that copper was about 10× stronger bound than data based on the usual forward titrations.The copper concentration in these ria waters was low at 5 nM with a minor mid-estuarine maximum of 8 nM. These copper levels are amongst the lowest reported for estuarine waters and therefore represent uncontaminated waters. The concentration of inorganic copper was very low across the ria at  10–100 fM, except at Bouzas harbour (salinity 35.5) where it was raised to  1 pM due to copper contamination, in waters affected by the port facilities, to total levels of 15 to 20 nM copper, exceeding the concentration of the very strong ligand detected by the reverse titrations.  相似文献   

Dissolved inorganic and organic iodine in the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent Atlantic waters: Speciation changes through an estuarine system   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

George T.F. Wong  Xian-Hao Cheng   《Marine Chemistry》2008,111(3-4):221-232

The distributions of iodate, iodide and dissolved organic iodine (DOI) were determined in two deep sub-basins in the Chesapeake Bay, the shallow waters at the mouth of the Bay and the adjacent North Atlantic between the late spring and the early fall along the net flow-path of the water entering and exiting the Chesapeake Bay by using an improved analytical scheme designed for the quantitative recovery of DOI. The concentration of R-DOI found in the surface mixed layer in the upper Bay was about twice of those found at the same location in previous studies. (R-X was the concentration of a dissolved iodine species X that had been normalized to a constant salinity of 35.) Thus, DOI in estuarine waters might have been underestimated significantly in the earlier studies. Following the water along its net flow-path, iodate initially constituted more than 60% of total iodine (TI) in the source water in the Middle Atlantic Bight off the Delmarva Peninsula. As this water entered the Chesapeake Bay through the northern part of its mouth, the concentration of R-iodate decreased while that of R-iodide increased progressively until the former became undetectable in the surface mixed layer while the latter reached a maximum of 0.42 μM in the deep water in the upper Bay. Then, the concentration of R-iodate rebounded while that of R-iodide decreased in the outflowing water that exited through the southern part of the mouth of the Bay and was later entrained by the Gulf Stream. The concentration of R-DOI in the surface waters followed the same pattern as R-iodide and reached a maximum of 0.20 μM in the upper Bay. However, R-DOI was depleted in the deep water in the sub-basins. Its concentration dropped to around the detection limit in the suboxic waters in the upper Bay. R-TI in the Bay far exceeded that in the incoming Middle Atlantic Bight water and reached 0.55 μM in the upper Bay. These distributions of the iodine species suggest that, as water from the Middle Atlantic Bight intruded into the Chesapeake Bay, in the well oxygenated surface mixed layer, iodate was reduced to iodide, and the inorganic iodine species could also be converted to DOI. In the deep water, iodate and DOI were converted to iodide. Superimposed on these inter-conversions among the iodine species, dissolved iodine, possibly in the form of iodide, was also added to the water column from the underlying sediments and the process was especially significant in the suboxic deep water in the upper Bay. Mixing between the surface mixed layer and the deep water could also have increased the concentrations of iodide and total iodine in the former.  相似文献