温度影响下的非饱和黄土水分迁移问题探讨   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

王铁行  陆海红 《岩土力学》2004,25(7):1081-1084

对非饱和黄土土样的实验结果揭示出,对于初始含水量均布的土样,在两端施加温差后,冷端的含水量增大,热端含水量减小。在温度差作用下,温度差越大,土体密度越小,水分迁移特征越明显,土样两端含水量差越大。当初始含水量较大和较小时,温度差引起的含水量差均较小;当初始含水量适中时,温度差引起的含水量差值较大。基于实验结果,考虑含水量和密度的影响,得到温度梯度引起含水量梯度的表述关系式,计算和实测结果验证了该表述式的可靠性。据此得到了考虑温度影响的非饱和黄土水势的表述式,该式考虑了土体密度、温度梯度、含水量和含水量梯度对水势的综合影响,对实验土样的计算结果反映了水分的稳态分布。  相似文献   

三峡库首区重点断裂围限区蓄水的加卸载效应     

陈蜀俊  姚运生  蔡永建 《大地测量与地球动力学》2006,26(4):97-101

通过对蓄水前后三峡库首区构造应力场进行三维数值模拟发现,相对于蓄水前,蓄水至135 m水位时,官渡口断裂-马鹿池断裂-牛口断裂围限区、秭归地理中心和九湾溪断裂带,出现了4个主应力下降区和共轭的主应力增长区,形成了差应力场;175 m水位与135 m水位相比,局部差应力场呈现逆向变化,即形成了加载效应与卸载效应的交替过程。这一过程,可能是水库诱发地震的诱震(或触震)因素。  相似文献   

Tide-induced head fluctuations in coastal aquifers of variable thickness     

Julián Eduardo Cuello  Luis Guarracino 《水文研究》2020,34(21):4139-4146

In this work, a new analytical solution to describe tide-induced head fluctuations in aquifers of variable thickness is presented. The proposed model assumes a finite and confined aquifer with a thickness that increases or decreases quadratically with the distance to the coast. A closed-form analytical solution is obtained by solving a boundary-value problem with both a separation of variables method and a change of variables method. This solution is a generalization of the solution obtained by Cuello et al., Hydrogeological Journal, 2017, 25, 1509–1515. The analytical solution is expressed in terms of the wedging parameter, a parameter that depends on the length and thicknesses at the coast and at the inland edge of the aquifer. Positive values of the wedging parameter describe aquifers with increasing thickness towards land and negative values describe aquifers with a decreasing thickness in the inland direction. The comparison of the new solution and the solution for a finite aquifer with constant thickness indicates that the sign of the wedging parameter enhances or decreases the amplitude of the tide-induced signal. However, the differences in time-lag between both solutions are negligible near the coast. The slope factor, which quantifies the inconsistencies between aquifer diffusivities estimated from attenuation and time-lag data, is computed and analysed. Near the coast, slope factor values greater than one are obtained for negative wedging parameters while slope factor values less than one are obtained for positive wedging parameters. The analysis of the new solution also indicates that more reliable estimates of the hydraulic diffusivity can be obtained from time-lag data.  相似文献   

Hydraulic and salinity regime of two affected sites in the Yizre'el valley,Israel     

Abraham Gafni  Yigal Salingar 《水文研究》1992,6(1):55-65

Causes of recent salinization of numerous plots in the Yizre'el Valley of Israel were examined through a detailed field study of two severely affected sites. in particular, the theory of artesian influence on salt build-up in the upper cultivated soil layer was investigated. Two piezometer nests and 12 wells were installed to study the subsurface hydraulic regime. Water samples and soil extracts were taken to characterize the chemical composition down to 10m. No significant head differences were measured at the lower site, while at the upper site 96 per cent of the head that existed at the deep (7.5 m) artesian layer was dissipated within the overlying thick clay layer. Slight head differences were noted in the shallow layers. the deep-lying, coarse-textured aquifer differs markedly from the upper confining layers and constitutes an independent water body that has little relevance to surface processes. Chemical and hydrological analyses indicate that applied low-quality irrigation waters May, be the primary cause of downward-moving salinity and alkalinity which, in turn, affect soil permeability and site productivity.  相似文献   

云南省近50年水稻抽扬期低温冷害演变特征分析     

何雨芩  胡雪琼  朱勇 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(2):225-231

采用云南省1960—2009年逐日平均气温数据,按照《云南省水稻抽扬期低温冷害业务标准》提取出这50 a中云南省水稻抽扬期发生低温冷害的天气过程,并进行冷害分级,基于ArcGIS绘制出各年代冷害发生的频率分布,再分地域研究其强度特征.采用线性趋势法、累积距平曲线等分析近50年云南省水稻抽扬期低温冷害的时间变化特征,以期揭示水稻抽扬期冷害的演变规律.结果表明：1960—2009年,云南省水稻抽扬期低温冷害的主要发生区域集中在昭通市和曲靖市,昭通市发生冷害程度最重,保山市的龙陵县也为多发地区;从时间变化趋势上看,水稻抽扬期不同程度的低温冷害发生日数均趋于减少;从站数比和其累积距平曲线变化上看,20世纪70年代冷害的发生范围最大,频率最高,90年代则为少发阶段,从2000年之后,冷害集中暴发,暴发速度快、强度大,到2008年才有所缓和.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Piezometric heads and determination of fresh water–salt water interface in the coastal zone near Beihai,China     

Zhou Xun  Zhou Haiyan  Zhang Li 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):67-73

Changes in hydraulic heads with space and time and evolution of the location of fresh water–salt water interface are important for groundwater development in coastal aquifers. Measurements of piezometric heads at 11 well clusters consisting of three piezometric wells of different depths with a 5-day interval for 15 months show that the piezometric heads at nearly all the wells near the northwestern coast in Beihai decrease with increasing depth and increase with increasing distance from the coast. Changes in piezometric heads at the wells during the measurement period were caused by seasonal precipitation and induced by the tide. The depth of the sharp interface between fresh water–salt water can be estimated based on measurements of piezometric heads at a piezometric well tapping at a point in the salt water zone below the interface and measurements of the water table at the same well. The calculations of the interface for well H5 range from 40 to 80 m below sea level in the measurement period, which are believed to be more reasonable than those estimated with the Ghyben–Herzberg relation. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

Detailed hydraulic head profiles as essential data for defining hydrogeologic units in layered fractured sedimentary rock   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jessica R. Meyer  Beth L. Parker  John A. Cherry 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(1):27-44

This paper describes a study in southern Wisconsin where vertical hydraulic head profiles measured in exceptional detail provided the key data for defining hydrogeologic units (HGUs) in a layered sequence of sandstone, siltstone, shale, and dolostone. The most important data were obtained from corehole MP-6 which was cored 131 m into bedrock and instrumented using a Westbay^® multilevel system with 36 depth discrete monitoring intervals. The resulting head profile is consistant over time and shows eight distinct inflections in hydraulic head. Several of the inflections occur between adjacent permeable units and are likely due to poor vertical connectivity of fracture sets rather than distinct lower permeability layers or aquitards in the conventional sense. No other type of data was capable of identifying the position of such distinct hydrogeologic features. These zones of abrupt head loss provide the primary dataset for delineation of eleven HGUs at MP-6 and are supported by less detailed head profiles at other locations. Although the detailed head profiles are essential, core logs and geophysical logs from other boreholes are nessessary to fully establish the lateral continuity of the HGUs.  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩单裂隙渗流-溶蚀耦合模型及其参数敏感性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

武亚遵  林云  万军伟  王子杰 《中国岩溶》2016,35(1):81-86

岩溶地下水系统是由碳酸盐岩裂隙含水介质演化形成的,系统初始的裂隙网络介质特征及边界条件决定了其演化过程。为揭示岩溶系统演化过程中裂隙介质特征和边界条件的影响程度,建立了裂隙溶蚀扩展的渗流-溶蚀耦合模型,并对不同边界条件下不同隙宽的单裂隙溶蚀扩展特征进行了模拟分析。结果表明:裂隙溶蚀扩展受水的侵蚀性(CO2分压)、水动力条件(水力梯度)、裂隙介质特征(裂隙初始隙宽)等综合作用影响,Ca2+的平衡浓度、水力梯度以及裂隙初始隙宽等参数的增加均能促进裂隙的快速扩展。在这些参数中,初始隙宽B0对岩溶发育的影响最为敏感,水力梯度J和Ca2+平衡浓度Ceq对岩溶发育具有相同的敏感性;此外,随着各参数值的不断增大,参数变化对岩溶发育的敏感程度越来越低。  相似文献   

风浪和海洋飞沫对海表面拖曳系数和风廓线的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张婷  宋金宝  李爽  杨联贵 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(11):79-85

基于埃克曼理论,本文将波致应力和飞沫应力引入到海-气边界层的界面应力中,来研究海表面风浪和海洋飞沫对海-气边界层动量交换的影响,并得到修改后的埃克曼模型的理论解。波致应力是由风浪谱和波增长函数估计,并得到在中低风速下,波致应力、飞沫应力与湍流应力相比,对海表面拖曳系数和风廓线的影响非常小。当风速高于25米/秒时,海洋飞沫通过飞沫应力对海-气界面应力的作用远高于波致应力,以至于波致应力可以忽略。海表面拖曳系数在高风速下,随着风速的增大而减小。通过采用风浪谱的不同波龄,得到海洋飞沫的产生会导致海-气边界层风速的增加。最后,理论解与现场的观察数据进行了对比。对比后的数据表明,在中高风速下,飞沫对海-气边界层的影响远大于表面风浪。  相似文献   

长螺旋钻机在粘性坚硬地层中的应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

阮小峰  敢峰  孙俊志 《探矿工程》2016,43(8):72-76

以许昌市三国大剧院桩基工程为例,从普通长螺旋钻机、液压动力头钻机、利用变频技术的高自重大扭矩动力头钻机在坚硬地层钻进中遇到的问题和应对措施等几方面,论述了各款型长螺旋钻机对地层的适应性,为以后类似工程施工选择施工机械提供参考。  相似文献