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本文根据LEO中等离子体温度低,密度高,德拜长度小的特点,采用薄鞘层近似,计算了离子收集电流;根据电流平衡方程,考虑表面二次电子发射,计算了大型航天器表面在沉降电子流辐照下的充电特性。 相似文献
94.
采用动力学方程,求解了定态情况下磁层中上行离子沿磁力线的分布函数,针对不同的Kp指数,分别对北半球极光带区起源的上行离子O+、H+和He+在子午面内沿磁力线的密度分布及其特性进行了研究.结果表明:1.沿磁力线向外,上行离子密度在近地空间呈急剧下降趋势,在远地空间呈缓慢下降趋势;2.重离子或初始能量较小的离子,其密度沿磁力线向外下降较快;3.Kp指数越大,离子进入磁层的空间范围越大;4.离子的投掷角分布对密度分布的影响甚小;5.离子密度沿磁力线的下降程度随到X轴距离的增大而呈增大趋势;6.在典型参数条件下,求得上行离子O+在等离子体片边界附近的密度为10-3-10-2个cm-3,这与观测结果相一致. 相似文献
95.
彩色合成选择法是根据色度学原理,求出地物之间在各种彩色合成方案中的色差,以选择彩色合成方案。将此方法应用到黄河入海口,提取黄河水、海水、沙滩、陆地等主要地物信息,效果明显。 相似文献
96.
利用电子显微镜(EM)及能谱仪(EDS),分析研究了变生热液形成的载金石英的化学成分、离子扩散作用以及金在石英中的赋存状态等问题,探讨了它们的形成和变化机理。研究结果表明:Al~(3+)、Ti~(3+)、TFe、Na~(+)、K~(+)、Ca~(2+)等在石英中为类质同像混入物;石英和黄铁矿之间的离子相互扩散作用,表现为石英中Al离子的带出和Fe离子的带入,黄铁矿中Fe离子的带出和Al离子的带入;石英中呈分散状态分布的金主要为离子金,它们充填在石英结构中,起平衡电价的作用。 相似文献
97.
The adsorption of H+, OH– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca2+—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed. 相似文献
98.
Toxicity of soil spiked with water soluble and insoluble contaminants was assessed with bacteria. Three bioassays were used with common soil bacteria. Water soluble fractions from the soils were estimated in microtiterplates via dehydrogenase activity of B. cereus and growth of P. putida. A new method was developed using B. cereus to include effects of soil particles with bound contaminants. As contaminants p-nitrophenol and 2-naphthol were tested in these systems. Results indicated that the concentration of the contaminants in the soil solution is determined by soil properties. Toxicity of water soluble fractions was not only a result of the toxicant's concentration but further modified by soluble components of the soils. It is not possible to assess soil pollution from toxicity of the water soluble fraction in general, because unknown factors of the soluble soil fraction can influence toxicity greatly. The newly developed contact bioassay with B. cereus showed clearly higher toxicity of 2-naphthol estimated in soil suspension than did the comparable test system with the same bacteria using water soluble fractions only. The results stress the importance of including soil particles into bioassay procedures. It was shown that also water insoluble, bound contaminants can act as toxicants. For an estimation of toxicity under conditions more relevant for the environment, the suggested test system can provide useful information to bioavailability of bound contaminants. 相似文献
99.
Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(7):693-702
The relative variogram has been employed as a tool for correcting a simple kind of nonstationarity, namely that in which local variance is proportional to local mean squared. In the past, this has been linked in a vague way to the lognormal distribution, although if {Zt; t D}is strongly stationary and normal over a domain D,then clearly {exp (Zt); t D}will stillbe stationary, but lognormal. The appropriate link is made in this article through a universal transformation principle. More general situations are considered, leading to the use of a scaled variogram. 相似文献
100.
The photooxidation of -humulene in the presence of NOx, natural sunlight, and rural background air was investigated using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification and quantification of gas and particulate reaction products were reported over the course of the reaction. The daytime photooxidation was carried out in a large outdoor smog chamber (190 m3). A wide range of ring retaining and ring opening products in the gas and particle phase are reported. On average, measured gas and particle phase products accounted for 44% of the reacted -humulene carbon. Measurements show that a number of reaction products with low vapor pressures (e.g. 3-seco--humulone aldehyde, 7-seco--humulone aldehyde, -humulal aldehyde, -humulene 3-oxide or -humulene 7-oxide, -humulaic/alic acid isomers, and 3-seco--14-hydroxyhumulone aldehyde) were found in the early stage of the reaction and may play an important role in the early formation of secondary organic aerosol. A detailed mechanism is proposed to account for most products observed in this investigation. 相似文献