常压环境下铅笔芯的质谱放电行为研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周亚飞  李操  肖赛金  陈焕文  张兴磊 《岩矿测试》2013,32(3):409-414

铅笔芯内所含石墨和黏土的混合比例如果不符合国家标准,将不利于计算机读卡设备正确识读和非专业人士鉴定.本文采用常压质谱法对不同黑度(石墨含量)、硬度的铅笔芯进行分析,为实现铅笔品质的快速鉴别提供了一种有效的技术手段.该方法直接将铅笔芯作为电离装置,在高电压作用下以空气(相对湿度40％)为介质,铅笔芯产生电晕放电,其放电行为能够对质谱信号产生直接影响.实验优化了工作条件,分析了6种型号铅笔芯(4B、3B、2B、HB、H和2H)中石墨含量与其质谱信号之间的关系,并结合主成分分析(PCA)对不同型号铅笔芯进行区分.结果表明,不同型号铅笔芯的放电行为对质谱信号产生较大影响,质谱信号随铅笔芯中石墨含量的增多而增强;6种型号铅笔芯区分正确率高达99％以上.此方法操作简单且可重复性强,可用于市场上不同品质铅笔芯的快速鉴定.  相似文献   

Surface behaviors correlate with prey abundance and vessels in an endangered killer whale (Orcinus orca) population     

Christine M. Bubac  Amy C. Johnson  Robert Otis 《Marine Ecology》2021,42(1):e12626

Southern Resident killer whales (SRKWs) (Orcinus orca) are an endangered population in the United States and Canada, partly due to declines of their primary prey species, Chinook salmon. Prey availability influences various aspects of SRKW behavior, including distribution patterns and social structure. Yet, it is unclear to what extent a limited prey source influences the frequency of surface‐active behaviors (SABs), behaviors with important ecological implications. Here, we used long‐term datasets (1996–2019) to examine the relationships between the abundance of Chinook salmon, vessel presence, and the frequency with which SRKWs perform SABs. Salmon abundance was a significant predictor of SAB frequency, with fewer SABs performed in times of lower salmon abundance. SRKWs displayed more SABs when more whale watching vessels were present, and the whales spent a greater amount of time in the study area, performing more milling as opposed to traveling behavior, when vessel numbers were higher. Lastly, we found pod‐specific differences, such that K pod displayed significantly fewer SABs than either J or L pods. The observed relationships between SRKW behavior and both salmon abundance and vessel presence have implications for social network cohesion and foraging success. Our study adds to a growing body of literature highlighting factors affecting SRKW behavior as they experience increased threats from decreased prey availability, habitat loss, and anthropogenic disturbance, with implications for trans‐boundary management and conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Design method and behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained braces     

Melina Bosco  Edoardo M. Marino 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1243-1263

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are very effective in dissipating energy through stable tension–compression hysteretic cycles and have been successfully experimented in the seismic protection of buildings. Their behavior has been studied extensively in the last decades and today the level of performance guaranteed by these devices and the technological constrains that have to be fulfilled to optimize their behavior are well known. Furthermore, several companies in the world have developed their own BRBs and are now producing them. In spite of this, many seismic codes (for instance, the EuroCode 8) do not stipulate provisions for the design and construction of earthquake‐resistant structures equipped with BRBs. This discourages the structural engineering community from using these devices and seriously limits their use in structural applications. In this paper a procedure for the seismic design of steel frames equipped with BRBs is proposed. Furthermore, the paper presents a numerical investigation aimed at validating this design procedure and proposing the value of the behavior factor q that should be used for this structural type. To this end, a set of frames with BRBs is first designed by means of several values of q. Then, the obtained frames are subjected to a set of accelerograms compatible with the elastic response spectrum considered in design. The seismic response of the frames is determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis and represented in terms of the ductility demand of BRBs and the internal force demand of nondissipative members (beams and columns). Finally, the largest value of q that leads to acceptable seismic performance of the analyzed frames is assumed as adequate. The value of q is given in the paper as a continuous function of the assumed ductility capacity of the BRBs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bidirectional loading hybrid tests of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers     

Ji Dang  Tetsuhiko Aoki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1111-1130

Steel rectangular section columns with stiffened plates are commonly used for elevated highway bridges in the urban areas of Japan. The seismic design of bridge piers is usually performed by dynamic analysis in the horizontal direction using various independent directional seismic acceleration data. However, this simple treatment does not reflect the effect of bilateral loading as a structural response to inelastic interaction. In this study, unidirectional and bidirectional loading hybrid tests were conducted to examine the seismic response and performance of square cross‐sections of steel bridge piers subjected to bidirectional seismic accelerations. Comparison of the results of unidirectional and bidirectional loading tests revealed that the maximum load is the same as the average of unidirectional loading in the NS and EW directions; however, the maximum response displacement and residual displacement increase in proportion with hard to soft ground types. Moreover, a modified seismic design is proposed considering these bidirectional loading effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于空间行为的面向对象空间数据模型     

王珂  陈彬彬  吴桂平 《测绘科学》2013,38(2):191-193

本文根据面向对象空间数据模型的相关概念和特点,将地理空间中的空间行为进行建模后纳入面向对象空间数据模型的框架中。面向对象空间数据模型由数据模型和空间行为模型两个部分组成:数据模型包括空间特征数据和属性特征数据;同时将空间行为模型分为两大类,即静态空间行为模型(地理目标间关系)和动态行为模型(地理目标行为)两部分。在此框架提出的基础上,本文利用二进制、XML流等格式文件对该空间数据模型进行了整合和组织。  相似文献   

Mothering urban space,governing migrant women: the construction of intersectional positions in area-based interventions in Berlin     

Nadine Marquardt  Verena Schreiber 《Urban geography》2013,34(1):44-63

In this paper, we investigate new ways of governing migrant populations in Germany brought forth by social policies on the local level of inner-city neighborhoods. In recent years, numerous initiatives on the local level have constituted the ‘migrant neighborhood’ as a site of governmental attention. One initiative that policymakers consider particularly innovative is the neighborhood mothers program in Berlin, a program that instructs migrant women as agents of neighborhood improvement and encourages them to establish peer-to-peer relations to other migrant women in order to pass on social norms. In the paper, we combine governmentality and intersectionality theory to critically examine the modes of behavior change promoted by the neighborhood mothers program and the political rationalities that are used to justify the governing of (and through) migrant women. We draw particular attention to the spatial dimensions of the neighborhood mothers program, to the ways in which it targets domestic and intimate spaces as sites of inspection and intervention and appoints migrant women as ‘door openers’ for entry of the state into the regulation of families and communities.  相似文献   

Agent-based simulation for a dual-diffusion process of influenza and human preventive behavior     

Liang Mao  Ling Bian 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1371-1388

Influenza disease diffuses from one individual to another through their close contacts, while preventive behavior propagates through inter-personal influences. These two diffusion processes take place simultaneously and interact with one another in opposite directions. Many current influenza studies consider the diffusion of influenza, but few of them have incorporated the diffusion of human preventive behavior. This article proposes an original dual-diffusion model to couple these two diffusion processes. The conceptual framework of the model incorporates these two opposite processes into a human contact network. An agent-based approach, network theory, disease model, and behavioral model are integrated to formulate the conceptual framework. Model implementation simulates an influenza epidemic in an urbanized area of one million individuals. The simulation results suggest that the proposed model offers a close representation of the observed data. The research findings will provide a more rational basis for influenza control.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土构件修复加固与抗震性能比较          下载免费PDF全文

柴少峰  王平  王峻  王谦 《地震工程学报》2013,35(4):872-876

钢筋混凝土框架结构在地震作用下应满足强柱弱梁等抗震设计理念,但由于设计和施工各种综合原因所致,在历次地震中,规范要求的"强柱弱梁"理想破环机制始终没有出现,竖向承重构件遭受了不同程度的损伤和破坏,不满足现有规范的相关规定,为了保证钢筋混凝土竖向承重构件不先于水平构件破坏,对于一些重要位置的钢筋混凝土构件进行修复加固显得十分重要。本文以加大截面加固法、外贴碳纤维加固法、喷射混凝土技术加固法、外包钢加固法、外包粘钢加固法等加固处理方式为例,对钢筋混凝土构件的修复加固方法及其抗震性能进行对比分析。研究对于钢筋混凝土构件的修复加固工程具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

方钢管混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究与非线性有限元分析     

王先铁  马尤苏夫  王连坤  郝际平  罗古秋 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(4)

为研究采用穿芯高强螺栓-端板节点的方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁平面框架的抗震性能,制作了3榀方钢管混凝土框架试件,通过低周反复荷载试验,研究了框架的抗震性能,分析了轴压比、梁柱线刚度比对框架抗震性能的影响.在考虑几何、材料及接触非线性的基础上,采用有限元软件ABAQUS 6.10对试验框架进行了低周反复荷载作用下的精细化数值模拟.与试验结果的比较表明,数值分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,具有较好的精度,可用于方钢管混凝土框架的分析.基于数值分析结果,剖析了框架梁柱连接节点、柱脚等关键受力部位的应力发展过程,明确了框架的受力机理和破坏机制.  相似文献   

宁波轨道交通地下连续墙深基坑工程变形特性及控制研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

朱瑶宏  叶俊能  刘晓虎  曹茜茜  刘干斌 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(4):66-75

由于成因及地域性的差异,宁波软土具有鲜明的特点,深基坑变形特性也有别于其它软土地区。在国内外研究基础上,本文结合宁波轨道交通1号线基坑工程,对13个车站地下连续墙深基坑监测数据进行统计分析。从基坑围护结构水平位移和墙后地表沉降两个方面对基坑变形特性进行了研究,结果表明:宁波地区地下连续墙的最大侧移介于0.18%H和0.80%H之间,平均值为0.39%H,较其它地区大,最大侧移位于开挖面附近,且随软土层厚度的增大而增大;宁波地区Fs取值1.7为宜;地表沉降主要分布于0≤d/H≤2.0范围内,最大值δvm=1.2%H,最小值δvm=0.15%H,平均值δvm=0.69%H,地表沉降较大;围护结构侧移与地表沉降关系为δvm=1.0δhm～1.8δhm。最后,结合分析结果,提出了宁波地区深基坑工程变形控制标准,可以为宁波地区及软土地区深基坑工程提供指导和借鉴作用。  相似文献