变速成图方法及应用研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

王树华  刘怀山  张云银  刘国宏  刘志勇 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(1):139-146

研究了地震速度和变速成图传统方法中影响成图精度的主要因素 ,指出了传统方法中造成误差较大、准确性较低的原因。从解决传统方法中存在的问题入手 ,提出了相应的速度场建立和变速成图方法 :通过提高叠加速度分辨率 ,利用模型层析法或模型反演法实现叠加速度到层速度的转换 ,建立空间速度场 ,速度校正和时深转换。实际资料应用表明 ,该方法提高了速度场建立和变速成图精度 ,解决了山前高陡构造以及低幅度构造地区的变速成图问题。  相似文献   

Architecture and sedimentology of the Kerinitis Gilbert‐type fan delta,Corinth Rift,Greece     

NICOLAS BACKERT  MARY FORD  FABRICE MALARTRE 《Sedimentology》2010,57(2):543-586

The Kerinitis Delta in the Corinth Rift, Greece, is a footwall derived, coarse‐grained, Gilbert‐type fan delta deposited in the hangingwall of a linked normal fault system. This giant Gilbert‐type delta (radius 3·8 km, thickness > 600 m) was supplied by an antecedent river and built into a brackish to marine basin. Although as yet poorly dated, correlation with neighbouring deltas suggests that the Kerinitis Delta was deposited during a period of 500 to 800 ka in the Early to early Middle Pleistocene. Facies characterizing a range of depositional processes are assigned to four facies associations (topset, foreset, bottomset and prodelta). The dominantly fluvial topset facies association has locally developed shallow marine (limestone) and fluvial‐shoreface sub‐associations. This delta represents a subsidence‐dominated system in which high fault displacement overwhelmed base‐level falls (creation of accommodation predominantly ≥ 0). Stratal geometries and facies stacking patterns were used to identify 11 key stratal surfaces separating 11 stratal units. Each key stratal surface records a landward shift in the topset breakpoint path, indicating a rapid increase in accommodation/sediment supply. Each stratal unit records a gradual decrease in accommodation/sediment supply during deposition. The cyclic stratal units and key stratal surfaces are interpreted as recording eustatic falls and rises, respectively. A 30 m thick package of foresets below the main delta records the nucleation of a small Proto‐delta probably on an early relay ramp. Based on changes in stratal unit geometries, the main delta is divided into three packages, interpreted as recording the initiation, growth and death of the controlling fault system. The Lower delta comprises stacked, relatively thin, progradational stratal units recording low displacement on the young fault system (relay ramp). The Middle delta comprises vertically stacked stratal units, each recording initial aggradation–progradation followed by progradation; their aggradational component increases up through the Middle delta, which records the main phase of increasing rate of fault displacement. The Upper delta records pure progradation, recording abrupt cessation of movement on the fault. A major erosion surface incising basinward 120 m through the Lower and Middle delta records an exceptional submarine erosion process (canyon or delta collapse).  相似文献   

确定断煤交线位置的数学计算方法     

孙庆先 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(9):20-22,47

断层是影响矿井安全生产的重要因素。在地质图件中,断层的位置常用断层走向来表达,但由于煤矿生产的特殊性,不仅需要掌握断层的走向,更需要掌握断煤交线的方向。通常在煤层倾角稍大、断层倾角稍小的情况下,断层走向与断煤交线存在一个夹角,求取该夹角,可准确追踪断层附近煤层。为此以正断层为例,利用断层及煤层的走向与倾角要素,推导出2个计算断煤交线与断层走向夹角的公式。通过例举几种特殊情况,佐证2个公式具有普遍适用性。  相似文献   

Applications of dip angle to recognition of volcanic and coherence attributes edifice in Songliao Basin     

Huafeng TANG Weihua BIAN Rixing DING Pujun WANG 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(1):11-16

On the basis of the shape and inner structure of volcanic edifice, the dip angle and coherence were se- lected to recognize the buried volcanic edifices in Songliao Basin. Five volcanic edifices were recognized in both two methods in the first volcanic cycle of Yingcheng Formation and the prediction perfectly corresponds to the drilling results in well XS8 area. The results are satisfying when the prediction method were employed in the exploration and development of Qingshen gas field.  相似文献   

DMO方法综述     

戴志阳  孙建国 《世界地质》2001,20(4):402-409

DMO（倾角时差校正）是一种将非零偏移距地震道转换为零偏移距地震道的数据处理方法，主要针对地层倾角不为零的情况。通过应用DMO，共中心点道集变成以自激自收（垂直入射）定义的共深度点道集。DMO是地震资料处理中一个非常重要的流程，对DMO的发展状况和一些主要算法进行总结，各向异性DMO将有望成为今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

应用时空变—倾角扫描叠加KL变换提高地震资料信噪比   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

付燕  赵荣椿 《物探化探计算技术》2001,23(4):303-307

使用KL变换可去除地震资料中随机噪声和相干噪声，提高地震资料信噪比。但常规KL变换仅能加强水平方向同相轴，对倾斜或弯曲同相轴处理效果较差，且在处理大量数据时计算成本很高，在实际生产中难以广泛应用。一些文献中针对常规KL变换的两个缺陷进行了改进，即使用倾角扫描叠加KL变换和采用数据分块技术。作者在本文中将这两个方面的改进有机地结合起来，提出应用时空变－倾角扫描叠加KL变换对地震资料进行处理，并指出使用该方法时需要注意的一些问题。理论模型和实际资料处理效果表明，使用本方法可以克服常规KL变换的缺陷，有效改进剖面处理效果。  相似文献   

Co-seismic displacements, folding and shortening structures along the Chelungpu surface rupture zone occurred during the 1999 Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake     

A. Lin  T. Ouchi  A. Chen  T. Maruyama   《Tectonophysics》2001,330(3-4):225-244

A nearly 100-km-long surface rupture zone, called Chelungpu surface rupture zone, occurred mostly along the pre-existing Chelungpu fault on the northwestern side of Taiwan, accompanying the 1999 Chi-Chi Ms 7.6 earthquake. The Chelungpu surface rupture zone can be divided into four segments based on the characteristics of co-seismic displacements, geometry of the surface ruptures and geological structures. These segments generally show a right-step en echelon form and strike NE–SW to N–S, and dip to the east with angles ranging from 50 to 85°. The co-seismic flexural-slip folding structures commonly occurred in or near the surface rupture zone from a few meters to a few hundreds of meters in width, which have an orientation in fold axes parallel or oblique to the surface rupture zone. The displacements measured in the southern three segments are approximately 1.0–3.0 m horizontally and 2.0–4.0 m vertically. The largest displacements were measured in the northern segment, 11.1 m horizontally and 7.5 m vertically, respectively. The amount of co-seismic horizontal shortening caused by flexural-slip folding and reverse faulting in the surface rupture zone is generally less than 3 m. It is evident that the co-seismic displacements of the surface rupture zone are a quantitative surface indicator of the faulting process in the earthquake source fault. The relations between the geometry and geomorphology of the surface rupture zone, dips of the co-seismic faulting planes and the striations on the main fault planes generated during the co-seismic displacement, show that the Chelungpu surface rupture zone is a reverse fault zone with a large left-lateral component.  相似文献   

Shifting of the volcanic fronts during Early to Late Miocene in the Northeast Japan arc     

Jun'ichi  Ohki  Naoki  Watanabe Kenji  Shuto Tetsumaru  Itaya 《Island Arc》1993,2(2):87-93

Abstract Recent advanced chronological studies for the Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Northeast (NE) Japan arc revealed three volcanic fronts which differed in temporal and spatial distribution. These fronts were (i) the Matsumae-Shizukuishi-Shiogama line of 22–25 Ma which is obliquely across the Quaternary volcanic front (QVF); (ii) the Tomari-Shiogama line of 13–16 Ma which exists 30–50 km east of the QVF and (iii) a line of 0–8 Ma which is the same as the QVF. The first shifting of the 22–25 Ma line to the 13–16 Ma one was due to the counterclockwise rotation of the NE Japan arc during 20–12 Ma as proposed by Otofuji et al . (1985), and the second shifting of the 13–16 Ma line to the 0–8 Ma line could have contributed to a decrease in the dip of the slab of the Pacific plate which subducted beneath the NE Japan arc during 13–8 Ma.  相似文献   

高倾角地层地震勘探在新疆尼勒克煤田勘探中的应用     

杨为民 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(5):49-51

尼勒克井田的浅表层地震地质条件差，深部地质构造复杂，地层倾角大。通过建立地质构造模型，反演出高倾角地层的地震记录，针对高倾角地层地震反射波的特点，采用小道距观测，在资料处理方法上着重注意原始资料分析、静校正处理、反褶积测试、叠前偏移技术等环节。该区勘探结果表明：在高倾角地层从事地震勘探，首先要根据地震地质条件作好构造模型及反演记录，着重做好变观措施，其次选取合理的处理模块，做好叠前偏移技术，兼顾干扰波去除，即可获得满意的勘探效果。  相似文献   

浅层地震反射波法在高倾角煤层采空区勘探中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王磊 《新疆地质》1998,(3)

对在高倾角煤层采空区勘探中应用浅层地震反射波法的可行性进行了分析 ,并结合具体工程实例对应用效果进行了评价  相似文献