Sequence stratigraphy in the context of rapid regional uplift and high‐amplitude glacio‐eustatic changes: the Pleistocene Cutro Terrace (Calabria,southern Italy)     

MASSIMO ZECCHIN  DARIO CIVILE  MAURO CAFFAU  GIOVANNI STURIALE  CESARE RODA 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):442-477

The Cutro Terrace is a mixed marine to continental terrace, where deposits up to 15 m thick discontinuously crop out in an area extending for ca 360 km² near Crotone (southern Italy). The terrace represents the oldest and highest terrace of the Crotone area, and it has been ascribed to marine isotope stage 7 (ca 200 kyr bp ). Detailed facies and sequence‐stratigraphic analyses of the terrace deposits allow the recognition of a suite of depositional environments ranging from middle shelf to fluvial, and of two stacked transgressive–regressive cycles (Cutro 1 and Cutro 2) bounded by ravinement surfaces and by surfaces of sub‐aerial exposure. In particular, carbonate sedimentation, consisting of algal build‐ups and biocalcarenites, characterizes the Cutro 1 cycle in the southern sector of the terrace, and passes into shoreface and foreshore sandstones and calcarenites towards the north‐west. The Cutro 2 cycle is mostly siliciclastic and consists of shoreface, lagoon‐estuarine, fluvial channel fill, floodplain and lacustrine deposits. The Cutro 1 cycle is characterized by very thin transgressive marine strata, represented by lags and shell beds upon a ravinement surface, and thicker regressive deposits. Moreover, the cycle appears foreshortened basinwards, which suggests that the accumulation of its distal and upper part occurred during forced regressive conditions. The Cutro 2 cycle displays a marked aggradational component of transgressive to highstand paralic and continental deposits, in places strongly influenced by local physiography, whereas forced regressive sediments are absent and probably accumulated further basinwards. The maximum flooding shoreline of the second cycle is translated ca 15 km basinward with respect to that of the first cycle, and this reflects a long‐term regressive trend mostly driven by regional uplift. The stratigraphic architecture of the Cutro Terrace deposits is the result of the interplay between regional uplift and high amplitude, Late Quaternary glacio‐eustatic changes. In particular, rapid transgressions, linked to glacio‐eustatic rises that outpaced regional uplift, favoured the accumulation of thin transgressive marine strata at the base of the two cycles. In contrast, the combined effect of glacio‐eustatic falls and regional uplift led to high‐magnitude forced regressions. The superposition of the two cycles was favoured by a relatively flat topography, which allowed relatively complete preservation of stratal geometries that record large shoreline displacements during transgression and regression. The absence of a palaeo‐coastal cliff at the inner margin of the terrace supports this interpretation. The Cutro Terrace provides a case study of sequence architecture developed in uplifting settings and controlled by high‐amplitude glacio‐eustatic changes. This case study also demonstrates how the interplay of relative sea‐level change, sediment supply and physiography may determine either the superposition of cycles forming a single terrace or the formation of a staircase of terraces each recording an individual eustatic pulse.  相似文献   

地层切片技术在松辽盆地xblp1工区的应用          下载免费PDF全文

霍正旺 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,(3):62-68

本文以地层切片技术为基础,以松辽盆地xblpl工区嫩江组萨尔图油层为例,分析了该技术在沉积环境研究中的应用。研究表明,高精度三维地震工区为开展地震沉积学研究提供了方便的基础资料,在对研究区内各个层序界面精细解释的基础上,制作了不同三维地震工区的一系列的地层切片,这些切片提供了萨尔图油层不同沉积体系的分布特征,刻画了三角洲和湖泊沉积体系在不同时期的展布范围。地层切片技术有利于层位的等时分析和宏观沉积体系的刻画。值得注意的是,地层切片属性分析图上,并不是所有的强振幅都代表砂岩而弱振幅都代表泥岩,需要结合岩心相、测井相进行校正,方可准确识别出沉积体系。  相似文献   

应用随裂缝倾角变化的孔隙模型改进储层饱和度计算     

赖富强  孙建孟  王敏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(3):713-720

复杂的孔隙结构及多变的孔隙类型使得裂缝性储层成为测井评价的难点,通过假定不同孔隙类型间的导电方式来建立合理的孔隙模型,进而结合阿尔奇方程实现饱和度计算是目前裂缝性储层定量评价的主要方法和途径。在经典的双孔隙模型中求取岩石系统的总孔隙指数m时,未考虑裂缝与电流线的夹角变化带来的影响。通过在裂缝性储层中同时考虑裂缝曲折度、裂缝与电流线夹角双重因素,构建了改进双重孔隙模型,并结合电成像资料提供的倾角信息进行了实例处理。结果表明,改进模型的计算值与取心分析有着更好的一致性;若不考虑裂缝与电流线夹角等因素,将带来321%的相对误差。  相似文献   

地震沉积学在识别陆相湖泊浊积砂体中的应用     

刘长利  朱筱敏  胡有山  廖飞燕  王正国 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):657-664

地震沉积学是一门新兴边缘交叉学科,它以三维地震数据为基础,结合岩心、测井等资料,通过先进的地球物理技术,对沉积微相进行精细研究。胜利油田滨682井区沙三中、下亚段以近岸水下扇、浊流和半深湖-深湖沉积为主,浊积砂是该层主要的产油砂体。为了分析该地区浊积砂的分布规律,在地震沉积学理论指导下,运用90°相位调整技术和地层切片技术对滨682井区目的层段进行了研究。研究结果认为：垂向上,滨682井区沙三下亚段的下部和上部以及沙三中亚段的下部和上部是浊积砂体发育的有利层段;在平面上,沙三下亚段沉积早期浊积砂体主要发育在研究区东南部,面积最大可达1.71 km²;沙三下亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体在东部、东南部和南部都有发育,南部浊积砂体面积较大,可达3.37 km²,东南部和东部浊积砂体面积较小,在1.61 km²左右;沙三中亚段沉积早期浊积砂体发育在研究区东北和东南,面积可达1.90 km²;沙三中亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体发育在研究区西部和东南部,面积都较小,一般为1.15 km²。  相似文献   

结构面分布特征对隧道围岩变形影响的数值模拟分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋成科  王成虎  黄禄渊  火明譞 《地震学刊》2012,(5):611-616

结构面对隧道围岩变形及稳定性起着决定性作用。运用三维离散元方法（3DEC）研究结构面分布特征,重点是结构面线密度1/λ、强度和倾角对隧道围岩变形的影响,总结了结构面分布与围岩变形特征的关系。结果表明,在结构面强度较低的情况下,结构面线密度对隧道变形的影响较大,其影响可分为两种情况：①λ≤0.2时,围岩的弯曲变形大于沿结构面的剪切变形,属于应力型大变形;②0.2〈λ≤0.4时,沿结构面的剪切变形大于围岩的弯曲变形,属于结构型大变形。结构面倾角主要影响围岩大变形发生的位置。将数值模拟结果与国内工程实例实测变形资料相对比,发现一致性较好。本研究结果对隧道支护结构的设计以及施工设计具有借鉴意义与指导作用。  相似文献   

重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡视向滑动机制分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

冯振  殷跃平  李滨  张明 《岩土力学》2012,33(9):2704-2713

重庆武隆鸡尾山山体为典型的斜倾厚层灰岩山体,其破坏模式不同于常见侧向崩塌-堆积层滑坡,属于真倾向滑移变形转为视向整体滑动的特殊失稳模式。在现场地质调查的基础上,从地层岩性、岩体结构、岩溶及地下水作用、软弱夹层等影响因素分析重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡形成原因;根据滑坡破坏机制,基于关键块体控制理论,对鸡尾山滑坡进行三维稳定性极限平衡分析;利用三维离散元软件模拟鸡尾山滑坡的初始变形破坏过程,分析了鸡尾山滑坡不同影响因素条件下的视向滑动形成机制和变形破坏特征,并探讨了节理化和溶蚀岩体的参数取值。结果分析认为,在重力的长期作用下,鸡尾山山体初始沿真倾向方向滑移,沿岩溶发育的陡倾节理裂隙逐渐产生后缘及侧向裂缝,形成块状后部驱动块体,由于地下水等因素使软弱夹层软化,驱动块体下滑力增大,前缘阻滑关键块体内部应力积累,并最终沿强度较低的岩溶发育带发生剪切破坏,从而导致整体滑动;在进行滑坡稳定性极限平衡分析时,考虑实际的滑坡机制,将滑体分为驱动块体和关键块体分别进行力的解析,并以关键块体的安全系数代表滑坡的安全系数更加合理。数值模拟显示,软弱夹层强度降低、岩溶发育带剪切破坏后,滑体进入大变形阶段,表明关键块体控制和阻滑作用明显,软弱夹层强度降低是滑坡发生的关键因素。采矿形成的采空区对山体的影响主要是使上覆岩体压应力增大,但对滑体的变形无影响。  相似文献   

复杂地表地震资料叠前深度偏移成像     

周辉  谢春临  王尚旭  李国发 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(1):262-268

分析了复杂地表地区复杂地震波场的形成原因,探讨了基于高角度时空域单程波动方程适用于起伏地表之下构造成像的逆时叠前深度偏移方法。从声波方程有限差分法合成起伏地表上的炮集记录知,当激发点位于低速层中,共炮点道集中低速层表面和高速层表面接收到的信号强度相差较大:低速层表面的信号很强,而高速层表面的信号很弱,低速层中产生了较强的槽波。将该逆时叠前深度偏移方法应用于起伏地表地震波场的偏移处理。虽然在偏移成像前既没有压制与低速层有关的槽波,又没有压制随机噪声,但偏移剖面上界面清晰、位置正确,断层面也得到了很好的聚焦。  相似文献   

Pipe–soil interaction for segmented buried pipelines subjected to dip faults          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Hossein Erami  Masakatsu Miyajima  Shogo Kaneko  Toshio Toshima  Shozo Kishi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(3):403-417

This paper describes an investigation of pipe–soil interaction equations suggested by currently used pipeline seismic design codes and the applicability of these equations to segmented pipelines. The results of computer‐aided analyses were compared to results obtained in full‐scale experiments on a segmented ductile iron pipeline 93 mm in diameter and 15 m in length. The pipeline was installed 600 mm below the ground surface in a sandy soil compacted to two different subgrade reaction values. The type of fault considered was a reverse fault with an intersection angle of 60° with the pipeline, and the fault movement was a total of 350 mm in three same steps in the fault trace direction. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of considering the nature of soil behavior in pipe–soil interaction equations and the effects of connection joints on the integrated response of pipelines to fault‐induced ground deformations. A new combination of equations constituting a direction‐wise selection from among the equations proposed by currently used guidelines is introduced as a new series to describe pipe–soil interaction for segmented pipelines and is verified using the results of full‐scale experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于非平稳相似性系数的构造导向滤波及断层检测方法   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘洋  王典  刘财  刘殿秘  张鹏 《地球物理学报》2014,57(4):1177-1187

不连续地质体（如断层）的自动检测一直以来都是叠后地震数据解释中的关键问题之一,尤其在三维情况中尤为重要.然而,大多数边缘检测和相干算法都对随机噪声很敏感,随机噪声衰减是叠后地震数据解释的另一个主要问题.针对构造保护去噪和断层检测问题,本文基于非平稳相似性系数完善一种构造导向滤波方法并且提出一种自动断层检测方法,形成了一套匹配的处理技术.该构造导向滤波既能够有效地衰减随机噪声又可以很好地保护地震资料中的断层等信息不被破坏,增强地震剖面中弯曲、倾斜同相轴的连续性.根据地震数据局部倾角走向,利用相邻道构建当前地震道的预测,通过预测道的叠加得到参考道,计算预测道与参考道之间的非平稳相似性系数可以设计出数据驱动的加权中值滤波.另一方面,预测道与原始道之间的非平稳相似性系数能够用于带有断层指示性的相干分析.这两种方法都基于构造预测和非平稳相似性系数,但是使用不同的调节参数和处理方案.理论模型和实际数据的处理结果证明了本文提出构造导向滤波和断层检测方法的有效性.  相似文献   

综合地震属性在埕岛断裂系统识别中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘爱群 《物探与化探》2009,33(1):54-57

埕岛油田具有新近系披覆、古近系超覆和前第三系潜山3层构造,断裂系统比较复杂。笔者利用相干分析和倾角扫描方法,进行垦东30～垦东48地区地震资料属性的特征分析及断裂系统的识别。通过研究相干分析、地震属性与断裂系统的关系以及倾角扫描、层间属性提取与断裂系统的关系,对研究区进行应用效果分析,同时应用RAVE特征可视化,对所选的地震属性和识别方法进行验证,说明哪些属性能够很好的反应断裂系统,哪些识别方法在研究区识别断裂系统的效果明显。  相似文献