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MASSIMO ZECCHIN DARIO CIVILE MAURO CAFFAU GIOVANNI STURIALE CESARE RODA 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):442-477
The Cutro Terrace is a mixed marine to continental terrace, where deposits up to 15 m thick discontinuously crop out in an area extending for ca 360 km2 near Crotone (southern Italy). The terrace represents the oldest and highest terrace of the Crotone area, and it has been ascribed to marine isotope stage 7 (ca 200 kyr bp ). Detailed facies and sequence‐stratigraphic analyses of the terrace deposits allow the recognition of a suite of depositional environments ranging from middle shelf to fluvial, and of two stacked transgressive–regressive cycles (Cutro 1 and Cutro 2) bounded by ravinement surfaces and by surfaces of sub‐aerial exposure. In particular, carbonate sedimentation, consisting of algal build‐ups and biocalcarenites, characterizes the Cutro 1 cycle in the southern sector of the terrace, and passes into shoreface and foreshore sandstones and calcarenites towards the north‐west. The Cutro 2 cycle is mostly siliciclastic and consists of shoreface, lagoon‐estuarine, fluvial channel fill, floodplain and lacustrine deposits. The Cutro 1 cycle is characterized by very thin transgressive marine strata, represented by lags and shell beds upon a ravinement surface, and thicker regressive deposits. Moreover, the cycle appears foreshortened basinwards, which suggests that the accumulation of its distal and upper part occurred during forced regressive conditions. The Cutro 2 cycle displays a marked aggradational component of transgressive to highstand paralic and continental deposits, in places strongly influenced by local physiography, whereas forced regressive sediments are absent and probably accumulated further basinwards. The maximum flooding shoreline of the second cycle is translated ca 15 km basinward with respect to that of the first cycle, and this reflects a long‐term regressive trend mostly driven by regional uplift. The stratigraphic architecture of the Cutro Terrace deposits is the result of the interplay between regional uplift and high amplitude, Late Quaternary glacio‐eustatic changes. In particular, rapid transgressions, linked to glacio‐eustatic rises that outpaced regional uplift, favoured the accumulation of thin transgressive marine strata at the base of the two cycles. In contrast, the combined effect of glacio‐eustatic falls and regional uplift led to high‐magnitude forced regressions. The superposition of the two cycles was favoured by a relatively flat topography, which allowed relatively complete preservation of stratal geometries that record large shoreline displacements during transgression and regression. The absence of a palaeo‐coastal cliff at the inner margin of the terrace supports this interpretation. The Cutro Terrace provides a case study of sequence architecture developed in uplifting settings and controlled by high‐amplitude glacio‐eustatic changes. This case study also demonstrates how the interplay of relative sea‐level change, sediment supply and physiography may determine either the superposition of cycles forming a single terrace or the formation of a staircase of terraces each recording an individual eustatic pulse. 相似文献
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利用全球地壳模型CRUST1.0提供的地壳密度、厚度等分层信息,计算青藏高原东南部地壳各分层引起的重力异常,并累加获取总体布格重力异常,最后与利用全球重力场模型EGM2008获得的布格重力异常进行对比。结果表明,两种模型在大部分区域基本一致,布格重力异常变化在-600~20mGal之间,少数地区存在较大的差距,说明CRUST1.0模型的精度还有待提高。 相似文献
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霍正旺 《沉积与特提斯地质》2013,(3):62-68
本文以地层切片技术为基础,以松辽盆地xblpl工区嫩江组萨尔图油层为例,分析了该技术在沉积环境研究中的应用。研究表明,高精度三维地震工区为开展地震沉积学研究提供了方便的基础资料,在对研究区内各个层序界面精细解释的基础上,制作了不同三维地震工区的一系列的地层切片,这些切片提供了萨尔图油层不同沉积体系的分布特征,刻画了三角洲和湖泊沉积体系在不同时期的展布范围。地层切片技术有利于层位的等时分析和宏观沉积体系的刻画。值得注意的是,地层切片属性分析图上,并不是所有的强振幅都代表砂岩而弱振幅都代表泥岩,需要结合岩心相、测井相进行校正,方可准确识别出沉积体系。 相似文献
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地震沉积学是一门新兴边缘交叉学科,它以三维地震数据为基础,结合岩心、测井等资料,通过先进的地球物理技术,对沉积微相进行精细研究。胜利油田滨682井区沙三中、下亚段以近岸水下扇、浊流和半深湖-深湖沉积为主,浊积砂是该层主要的产油砂体。为了分析该地区浊积砂的分布规律,在地震沉积学理论指导下,运用90°相位调整技术和地层切片技术对滨682井区目的层段进行了研究。研究结果认为：垂向上,滨682井区沙三下亚段的下部和上部以及沙三中亚段的下部和上部是浊积砂体发育的有利层段;在平面上,沙三下亚段沉积早期浊积砂体主要发育在研究区东南部,面积最大可达1.71 km2;沙三下亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体在东部、东南部和南部都有发育,南部浊积砂体面积较大,可达3.37 km2,东南部和东部浊积砂体面积较小,在1.61 km2左右;沙三中亚段沉积早期浊积砂体发育在研究区东北和东南,面积可达1.90 km2;沙三中亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体发育在研究区西部和东南部,面积都较小,一般为1.15 km2。 相似文献
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DENG Jun Huang Dinghua Wang Qingfei WAN Li Sun Zhongshi Yang Liqiang GAO Bangfei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
Based on field observations and rheology analysis, we perform one analogue experiment and remold the 3D structural frame of Tongling deposit concentrating area firstly. Then we disassemble and dialyze the 3D structures of the model using the methods of "slicing" and "stripping". A series of sliced planes vertical to the fold hinges show similar landscapes of that in the drill hole profiles. Meanwhile, layer stripping analysis indicates that the deformation features of each layer in the model are qualitatively analogical to those obtained from field observations.Through contrasting the 3D structure between the experimental model and the field phenomena,we verify the following 3D deformation features of the caprock in this area: (1) the Tongling area mainly consists of three series of NE S-typed fold groups; (2) in the uniform stress field, the incoherent folds universally develop in different positions, along different axes as well as in different strata; (3) the faults propagate upward which are mostly inter-bedded detachment faults,while the fold amplitudes decrease while going deeper; and (4) the folds and cleavages are highly developed in the Silurian System indicating that the deformation effect of the Indosinian-Yanshanian structural layer terminates at this layer, which suggests that the Silurian System is the crucial layer for the inversion between brittle and plastic deformation domains and the underlying strata are subject to the control of another deformation system with distinct properties. 相似文献
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JOSÉ F. GARCÍA-HIDALGO JAVIER GIL MANVEL SEGURA CARMEN DOMÍNGUEZ† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(6):1245-1271
The Late Cenomanian–Mid Turonian succession in central Spain is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in a variety of coastal and marine shelf environments (alluvial plain–estuarine, lagoon, shoreface, offshore‐hemipelagic and carbonate ramp). Three depositional sequences (third order) are recognized: the Atienza, Patones and El Molar sequences. The Patones sequence contains five fourth‐order parasequence sets, while a single parasequence set is recognized in the Atienza and El Molar sequences. Systems tracts can be recognized both in the sequences and parasequence sets. The lowstand systems tracts (only recognized for Atienza and Patones sequences) are related to erosion and sequence boundary formation. Transgressive systems tracts are related to marine transgression and shoreface retreat. The highstand systems tracts are related to shoreface extension and progradation, and to carbonate production and ramp progradation. Sequences are bounded by erosion or emergence surfaces, whose locations are supported by mineralogical analyses and suggest source area reactivation probably due to a fall in relative sea‐level. Transgressive surfaces are subordinate erosion and/or omission surfaces with a landward facies shift, interpreted as parasequence set boundaries. The co‐existence of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments and environments occurred as facies mixing or as distinct facies belts along the basin. Mixed facies of coastal areas are composed of detrital quartz and clays derived from the hinterland, and dolomite probably derived from bioclastic material. Siliciclastic flux to coastal areas is highly variable, the maximum flux postdates relative sea‐level falls. Carbonate production in these areas may be constant, but the final content is a function of changing inputs in terrigenous sediments and carbonate content diminishes through a dilution effect. Carbonate ramps were detached from the coastal system and separated by a fringe of offshore, fine‐grained muds and silts as distinct facies belts. The growth of carbonate ramp deposits was related to the highstand systems tracts of the fourth‐order parasequence sets. During the growth of these ramps, some sediment starvation occurred basinwards. Progradation and retrogradation of the different belts occur simultaneously, suggesting a sea‐level control on sedimentation. In the study area, the co‐existence of carbonate and siliciclastic facies belts depended on the superimposition of different orders of relative sea‐level cycles, and occurred mainly when the second‐order, third‐order and fourth‐order cycles showed highstand conditions. 相似文献
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地震沉积学在识别重力流沉积体系中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨地震沉积学方法在识别陆相断陷盆地重力流沉积体系的研究思路。以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡沙一段的深水厚层砂岩为研究对象, 在现代沉积学和地震沉积学理论和方法的指导下、分频解释和时频分析技术建立高频等时格架的基础上, 通过岩芯相精细描述确定沙一段主要发育重力流水道沉积体系。形成了以古地貌和地震属性约束物源方向, 预测重力流水道的宏观展布;地层切片、反演与三维可视化相结合刻画砂体空间展布形态的断陷湖盆沟道型重力流地震沉积学识别方法和技术。应用该方法对歧南斜坡重力流水道砂体进行了精细刻画, 为在歧口凹陷广泛发育的湖相泥岩中寻找岩性油气藏开辟新的勘探领域, 并在歧口凹陷油气勘探中取得了良好的应用效果, 同时也丰富和发展了断陷盆地重力流沉积体系的地震沉积学研究成果。 相似文献
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基于切片的3维树木绘制算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
树木的3维渲染是地形仿真的重要组成部分.在基于经典广告牌3维树模型绘制基础上,应用一种切片方案模拟树的体特征,实现视觉效果更为真实的3维树模拟.在切片绘制时,算法充分利用图形硬件的可编程特性,使整个顶点变换和纹理单元都在图形硬件上装配实现,同时应用LOD原理绘制切片,提高绘制效率.最后,通过实验验证了算法的正确性和实用性. 相似文献
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Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep‐marine basin‐floor succession,Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup,British Columbia,Canada 
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下载免费PDF全文 Despite a globally growing seismic and outcrop analogue data set, the detailed (centimetre to decametre) internal stratal make up of deep‐marine basin‐floor ‘channelized‐lobe’ strata remain poorly known. An ancient analogue for modern, mixed‐sediment, passive margin, deep‐marine basin‐floor fans is the well‐preserved Neoproterozoic Upper and Middle Kaza groups in the southern Canadian Cordillera. This succession is a few kilometres thick and comprises six sedimentary facies representing deposition from different kinds of sediment‐gravity flows. Representative lateral and vertical assemblages of one or more of these facies comprise six stratal elements, including: isolated scours, avulsion splays, feeder channels, distributary channels, terminal splays, and distal and off‐axis fine‐grained turbidite units. The internal characteristics of the various stratal elements do not differ from more distal to more proximal settings, but the relative abundance of the various stratal elements does. The difference in relative abundance of stratal elements in the kilometre‐scale stratigraphy of the Kaza Group results in a systematic upward change in architecture. The systematic arrangement of the stratal elements within the interpreted larger bodies, or lobes, and then lobes within the basin‐floor fan, suggests a hierarchical organization. In this article a hierarchy is proposed that is based on avulsion but, also importantly, the location of avulsion. The proposed avulsion‐based hierarchical scheme will be a useful tool to bridge the scalar gap between outcrop and seismic studies by providing a single stratigraphic framework and terminology for basin‐floor stratal elements. 相似文献