Mineral formation in an acid pit lake from a high-sulfidation ore deposit: Kirki, NE Greece     

S. Triantafyllidis  N. Skarpelis   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):68

Open pit mining of base-metals from the high-sulfidation epithermal type deposit of Kirki (Thrace, NE Greece) resulted in the formation of an acid pit lake by infilling of the open cast by rain and draining waters after mine closure. The high toxic metals content of the ore, the limited buffering capacity of host rocks and the direct exposure of the ore zone to weathering result in an intense release of metals into the pit lake. The acidic and oxidative pit lake waters show high concentrations of trace metals. A mineral precipitate, covering the floor of the pit lake, comprises secondary anglesite, several species of the jarosite-group, rozenite, melanterite, wroewolfeite, gypsum, bukovskyite, beaverite, scorodite and minor goethite. The mineral precipitate presents a significant heavy metal content indicating effective removal of metals from the acid waters. Compared to other pit lakes in high-sulfidation type deposits it has a higher metal load, consistent with the mineralogy and grade of ore in pit walls.  相似文献   

Retrieval and interpretation of precipitation rates generated from the composition of the Merouane Chott ephemeral lake     

Messaoud Hacini  Eric H. Oelkers  Nacer Kherici   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):284

Merouane Chott ephemeral lake is an ideal natural system for studying mineral dissolution and precipitation rates because (1) it undergoes annual cycles of filling and complete evaporation, and (2) it has a simple, well-defined hydrology. The major element concentrations of Merouane Chott lake waters have been measured weekly from January to June 2003. These concentrations are used together with estimates of the chott lake volume to calculate the temporal evolution of the total mass of these major elements. Dividing the first derivative of these masses with respect to time by the chott surface area yields precipitation rate estimates for halite, calcite, gypsum, and K–Mg salts during the complete evaporation of the lake. These rates are compared with the saturation indexes of these minerals to deduce the degree to which they are consistent with laboratory measured rates available in the literature.  相似文献   

Pre-concentration and residual bitumen removal from Athabasca oilsands froth treatment tailings by a Falcon centrifugal concentrator     

Q. Liu  Z. CuiT.H. Etsell 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006

Both froth flotation and centrifugal concentration were used to pre-concentrate the oil sands froth treatment tailings prior to the recovery of heavy minerals (titanium and zirconium minerals). Over 90% of the heavy minerals were recovered into a bulk flotation concentrate that was about 50% of the feed mass at 85 °C without any reagents. The same recoveries were obtained at 50 °C with the addition of NaOH and/or sodium oleate. However, the flotation concentrate also recovered over 90% of the residual bitumen and much of the clays/slimes. Subsequent treatment of the flotation concentrate such as dewatering and bitumen removal would be difficult due to these residual bitumen and clays. On the other hand, a SB40 centrifugal concentrator recovered over 85% of the heavy minerals but less than 30% of the residual bitumen. With improved liberation the recovery of the residual bitumen into the concentrate could be further reduced. The particle sizes of the SB40 concentrates were also larger than the flotation concentrates, making subsequent processing much easier.  相似文献   

原生硅酸盐矿物风化产物的研究进展——以云母和长石为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李福春 李莎杨用钊  程良娟 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(5):440-448

研究云母和长石等原生硅酸盐矿物的风化速率和风化产物对于深入理解土壤发生过程、营养元素循环以及全球气候变化具有重要的理论意义。本文从自然风化、人工化学风化和生物风化3方面总结了原生硅酸盐矿物风化作用及其产物的特点，重点阐述了微生物参与下的生物风化作用和生物矿化作用及其意义。野外观察和室内实验研究结果表明，微生物可以加速矿物的分解，而且其细胞表面及其产生的胞外多聚糖可以作为次生矿物成核的模板。  相似文献   

山东昌潍古近系原型盆地粘土矿物的成岩演化与古地温   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵明陈小明  季峻峰张耘　张哲 《岩石学报》2006,22(8):2195-2204

山东昌潍盆地形成于古近系的古新世-始新世早期(Ek-Es_4),本文主要研究昌潍盆地的粘土矿物特征及其古地温。昌雄古近系(Ek-Es_4)原型盆地的粘土矿物种类有:无序高岭石、伊/蒙混层矿物、伊利石和辉绿泥石(铁斜绿泥石)。利用粘土矿物温度计估算了盆地埋藏深度的古地温,探讨了古近系(Ek-Es_4)原型盆地的成岩作用和有机质热演化阶段。研究表明:随着埋藏深度的增加,伊/蒙混层矿物(L/S)由无序向有序连续转变;高岭石的有序性、伊利石和绿泥石的结晶程度趋于增强。根据伊/蒙混层矿物(L/S)地温计获得盆地不同深度的成岩温度范围;成油深度约为3000～4000m±。现今地温与古地温的对比,显示盆地存在热异常,导致热异常的形成可能有以下几方面因素:(1)盆地曾经历过地壳抬升阶段;(2)盆地内有岩浆活动热事件发生;(3)盆地裂陷期的构造动力学作用导致古地温梯度过高。昌潍原型盆地较高的古地温梯度吻合于裂陷盆地构造动力学演化的模式。  相似文献   

天然矿物在CVD法合成碳纳米管中的应用     

程继鹏  张孝彬  叶瑛 《矿物岩石》2006,26(1):9-12

化学气相沉积(CVD)合成碳纳米管时,催化剂具有重要的作用。实验证实,一些天然矿物也是潜在的催化剂材料,能在高温下裂解乙炔合成碳纳米管。吸附性能良好的坡缕石和海泡石是优异的催化剂载体,负载钴制备碳纳米管的直径均匀细小;钛酸脂改性后的坡缕石能释放金属铁,并催化碳纳米管的生长;由于矿物晶格中含有催化剂金属离子,大洋锰结核是天然的催化剂。采用矿物催化剂,成本低廉,能够获得碳纳米管与矿物的复合材料,拓宽矿物的应用领域。  相似文献   

硅酸盐中非沸石类孔道结构矿物及其环境属性     

刘瑞  鲁安怀  秦善 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2006,25(4):375-380

对硅酸盐中非沸石类矿物进行的晶体结构特征分析发现,某些链层状硅酸盐矿物(如坡缕石和海泡石)、钛硅酸盐中的硅钛铌钠石、硅钛铌钠矿、钙霞石、方钠石等,以及锰、锆、钒、钇硅酸盐矿物中的水硅钡锰石、堇青石、水钠锆石、水硅钒钙石等矿物中都存在有孔道结构,其孔道直径为0.25~1.0 nm。本文综述了这些孔道结构矿物吸附和交换有害重金属离子、催化降解有机污染物的环境功能和属性。  相似文献   

Characteristics and origins of primary fluids and noble gases in mantle-derived minerals from the Yishu area, Shandong Province, China   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

MA Jinlong  TAO Mingxin  YE Xianren 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1):77-87

springerlink.com Studies of mantle fluids are currently one of the hot topics in the earth science, greatly contributing to re-vealing origins and evolutions of fluids. In general, the concept of mantle fluids refers to their active compo-nents, such as CO2, H2O, N2, etc., while the noble gases inert in chemical properties belong to another research system. Due to their marked differences in various fluid sources of the Earth[1], the isotopic sig-natures of He and Ar have been widely used a…  相似文献   

Effect of high-pressures on the electrical resistivity of natural zeolites from Deccan Trap, Maharashtra, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Parthasarathy 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(4):321

We report here the electrical resistivity measurements on two natural zeolites–natrolite and scolecite (from the Killari borehole, Maharashtra, India) as a function of pressure up to 8 GPa at room temperature. High-pressure electrical resistivity studies on hydrous alumino-silicate minerals are very helpful in understanding the role of water in deep crustal conductivities obtained from geophysical models. The results obtained by magneto-telluric (MT) soundings and direct current resistivity surveys, along with the laboratory data on the electrical resistivity of minerals and rocks at high-pressure–temperature are used to determine the electrical conductivity distribution in continental lithosphere. The electrical resistivity of natural natrolite decreases continuously from 2.9 × 10⁹ Ω cm at ambient condition to 7.64 × 10² Ω cm at 8 GPa, at room temperature. There is no pressure-induced first order structural phase transitions in natrolite, when it is compressed in non-penetrating pressure transmitting medium up to 8 GPa. On the other hand scolecite exhibits a pressure-induced transition, with a discontinuous decrease of the electrical resistivity from 2.6 × 10⁶ to 4.79 × 10⁵ Ω cm at 4.2 to 4.3 GPa. The observed phase transition in scolecite is found to be irreversible. Vibrational spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies confirm the amorphous nature of the high-pressure phase. The results of the present high-pressure studies on scolecite are in good agreement with the high-pressure Raman spectroscopic data on scolecite. The thermo gravimetric studies on the pressure-quenched samples show that the samples underwent a pressure-induced partial dehydration. Such a pressure-induced partial dehydration, which has been observed in natural scolecite could explain the presence of high conductive layers in the earth's deep-crust.  相似文献   

粤北下庄铀矿田中铀酰矿物的成分特征——对核废料处置库中UO2氧化行为的启示     

卢龙陈繁荣  王汝成 《地质论评》2006,52(4):562-569

下庄铀矿为一花岗岩型铀矿，矿田地处湿热气候条件下，沥青铀矿普遍产于破碎带中，这种特定的产出环境致使该区沥青铀矿经受了强烈的风化，形成种类繁多、数量丰富的铀酰矿物；而我国高放废物地质处置库拟建在花岗岩体中。因此，下庄铀矿田是开展核废料氧化的天然类比研究的理想地区，并对我国的高放废物地质处置库的安全性评价有重要的指导作用。下庄铀矿田的铀酰矿物组合为铀酰氢氧化物、铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐，包括柱铀矿、黄钙铀矿、calciouranoite、红铀矿、富硅铀酰相、硅钙铀矿、钙铀云母和盈江铀矿等。根据它们的空间分布特征可划分成两个风化系列，即硅酸盐风化系列和磷酸盐风化系列，其共生次序分别为：沥青铀矿→铀酰氢氧化物（氧化物）→富硅铀酰相→硅钙铀矿和沥青铀矿→铀酰氢氧化物（氧化物）→钙铀云母→盈江铀矿。在该矿田中，铀酰氢氧化物是亚稳定相矿物，常常被铀酰硅酸盐或磷酸盐取代，因此，铀酰氢氧化物仅出现在少数样品中，而铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐矿物则非常普遍。矿田中的铀酰矿物在化学成分上以富钙为其显著特征，由于核废料地质处置库近场地下水中的Ca^2＋含量应该明显比下庄矿田地下水中的高，因此，我们预测含Ca的铀酰硅酸盐和铀酰磷酸盐矿物等热力学上的稳定物相很可能是地质处置系统中最主要的铀酰矿物，处置库内放射性核素的迁移主要是由这些矿物控制的。  相似文献