Disciplinary System and Development Strategy for Eco-hydrology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jun Xia  Qiting Zuo  Chunhui Han 《地球科学进展》2018,33(7):665-674

Eco-hydrology is a new discipline developed in recent decades. It is of great significance to accelerate and promote the development of eco-hydrology subject by constructing a perfect discipline system and formulating future development strategies. By reviewing a large number of literatures, this paper systematically combed and expounded the development and evolution of the eco-hydrology, which can be divided into five stages, the embryonic period of eco-hydrology (1970-1986), formulation terminology and the initial exploration period of eco-hydrology (1987-1991), discipline establishment and the initial development period of eco-hydrology (1992-1995), the rapid development period of eco-hydrology (1996-2007) and the improvement period of eco-hydrology (2008-present). Based on the analysis of the development of eco-hydrology, the disciplinary system of eco-hydrology was proposed as a framework of “theory-method-practice-branch discipline”. Finally, combined with the authors’ understanding, this paper put forward the development strategy system of the eco-hydrology, including the disciplinary research plan, the key research project, the country’s major demand, the discipline construction and the international cooperation, which will provide support for the promotion and establishment of a sound disciplinary system of eco-hydrology.  相似文献   

湘中基底-盖层W-Au-Sb热液系统的金属分异机制综述          下载免费PDF全文

张勇  马东升  潘家永  伍洪  陈方楠 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(3):319-334

湘中盆地锑矿床闻名于世,成矿元素在垂直空间上呈现出上锑(泥盆系)、中金锑(震旦系)、下金钨或金锑钨(板溪群),盆地中锑、边缘锑(金/钨)的成矿分布特征。通过系统的成矿地质条件、成矿元素地球化学研究,以及矿物流包裹体地球化学数据分析表明,湘中盆地及其基底的成矿元素分带是成矿流体性质和元素地球化学行为差异等因素相互耦合的结果。湘中地区基底-盖层成矿系统:构造-岩浆岩+盆地-流体作用,基底成矿元素在流体的作用下被萃取迁移到不同部位(基底→盖层不断演化);成矿元素锑的沉淀主要受流体的温度和pH值影响,金的沉淀主要受硫逸度或总硫溶度的控制,钨的沉淀主要受流体的盐度控制,且因物化条件的变化和元素地球化学行为的控制而呈现不同元素组合沉淀成矿。  相似文献   

Generation and Development of Structures and Their Controls on Ore Mineralization in the Lehong Zinc-lead Deposit,Northeastern YunnanEI北大核心CSCD     

Cui J.  Han R.  Wang J.  Ren T.  Wu Y.  Zhao D. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(4):664-680

The Lehong zinc-lead deposit is one of the new-found large Zn-Pb deposits in the Sichuan- Yunnan-Guizhou Zn-Pb poly-metallic mineralization area. The ore-bodies of the Lehong deposit are strictly controlled by structures, and the fault tectonites can be divided into four groups which include morbruk rock, cataclastic rock and tectonic breccia. The mechanical properties of the faults suggest that there are five tectonic systems formed in the Caledonian-early Hercynian, Indosinian-early Yanshanian, mid-Yanshanian, late Yanshanian and Himalayan periods, respectively. The Lehong fault and the Qiaojia-Lianfeng fault are two important ore-controlling structures which might have acted as channel ways of the ore fluids. The ores are hosted in the subordinary fracture zone, joint fracture zone and interlayer fault zones in trailing folds of the Lehong fault and the Baobaoshang syncline and Jinjiagou anticline. Hence, the Lehong deposit is a tectonic -controlled ore deposit. These research do not only lay a foundation for studying deposit genesis and ore-finding direction in the Lehong deposit, but also provides important enlightenments for the ore-finding prognosis of lead-zinc deposits in northwestern Guizhou ore concentration district. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献   

中国南方古生界碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制问题     

淡永  卢炳雄  梁彬  张庆玉  李景瑞 《中国岩溶》2018,37(3):343-350

中国南方古生界有利暗色页岩发育,但现页岩气勘探取得突破较少,主要原因是南方地质条件复杂,尤其是南方暗色页岩与碳酸盐岩间互发育,页岩气勘探开发面临复杂的碳酸盐岩地质问题。文章从国外勘探经验及近年来南方地区页岩气勘探实践中总结并详细分析了碳酸盐岩发育对页岩气成藏和开发控制的5大问题:（1）地表或近地表岩溶地质问题对开采的影响;（2）页岩目的层顶底板及其内部碳酸盐岩层对成藏和开采的影响;（3）页岩中碳酸盐类矿物含量对开采压裂的影响;（4）页岩层中天然裂缝被方解石充填对成藏的影响问题;（5）常规碳酸盐岩储层与非常规页岩共同成藏问题。建议在南方古生界开展页岩气勘探开发中,把碳酸盐岩本身储集成藏和碳酸盐岩对页岩气成藏、开采、钻井施工等的影响综合考虑,以总含油气系统的思路,综合选井,以促进南方古生界页岩气的勘探开发。   相似文献   

Water Cycle Analysis of Social and Economic System in Tarim River Basin     

Zhong Ma  Shoujuan Su  Aihua Long  Xiaoxia Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(8):833-841

Water cycle includes natural water circulation and social economic system water cycle. The concept of virtual water provides a new method and means for studying social water circulation. This paper is based on the theory of water circulation in social and economic system, using input-output analysis method quantitatively describes the Tarim River basin of social water cycle paths and analysis of water resources management in Tarim River basin sustainable development process of the key issues. The results show that the main sectors of virtual water export in the Tarim River Basin are agriculture, petroleum, natural gas and food industry. Agricultural water accounts for more than 98% of total water consumption, most of which is transferred to the food and textile industries, and the food industry export water from the agricultural sector. Shandong Province is the largest virtual water transport area in the Tarim River Basin. The main sector of virtual water input in the Tarim River Basin is the metallurgical industry. Finally, in view of the problems arising from the inter-industrial and inter-regional social water circulation in the Tarim River basin, the paper puts forward the ways and strategies of regulating agricultural and industrial water use in the Tarim River Basin.  相似文献   

江西兴国均村-高兴地区氟水文地球化学特征研究     

李林波  刘金辉  徐卫东  何丽珊  滕鹏飞  吴光银 《地下水》2018,(6):27-30,39

氟广泛分布于地下水且与人体健康相关,世界上许多国家和地区均存在高氟水。本文以江西省均村-高兴地区为例,结合区域水文地质调查成果开展地下水中氟水文地球化学特征研究,探讨研究区地下水中F-的分布特征与来源。对研究区4个地下水系统中的442个地下水样品的F-、Ca²⁺、HCO_3^-浓度及pH值、TDS等进行分析,研究认为各地下水系统地下水中的F-浓度与Ca²⁺浓度、HCO_3^-浓度、pH值、TDS正相关,含氟矿物的溶解是地下水中氟的主要来源,较强烈的地下水交替条件及弱酸性的地下水特征是导致地下水中氟浓度低的重要原因。  相似文献   

基于CMIP6模式优化集合平均预估21世纪全球陆地生态系统总初级生产力变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄禄丰  朱再春  黄萌田  赵茜  马伟蕊  曾辉 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(5):514-524

利用国际耦合模式比较计划第六阶段(CMIP6)中18个地球系统模式总初级生产力(GPP)模拟数据,基于传统的多模式集合平均(MME)和可靠集合平均方法(REA),在4个未来情景(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5)下预估了21世纪全球陆地生态系统GPP的变化量,并分析了GPP变化的驱动因子。研究结果表明：在4个未来情景下,基于REA方法预估的全球陆地生态系统年GPP在未来时期(2068—2100年)比历史时期(1982—2014年)分别增长了(14.85±3.32)、(28.43±4.97)、(37.66±7.61)和(45.89±9.21)Pg C,其增量大小和不确定性都明显低于MME方法。在4个情景下,大气CO₂浓度增长对GPP变化的贡献最大,基于REA方法计算的贡献占比分别为140%、137%、115%和75%;除SSP5-8.5(24%)外,其他情景下升温均导致全球陆地生态系统GPP降低(-42%、-37%、-16%),部分抵消了CO₂施肥效应的正面贡献。温度的影响存在纬度差异：升温在低纬度地区对GPP有负向贡献,在中高纬度地区为正向贡献。降水和辐射变化对GPP变化的贡献相对较小。  相似文献   

IPCC AR6报告解读：气候系统对太阳辐射干预响应     

曹龙 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(6):671-684

IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第一工作组报告评估了太阳辐射干预（Solar radiation modification,SRM）对气候系统和碳循环的影响。在大幅度减排基础上,太阳辐射干预有潜力作为应对气候变化的备用措施。目前,对于太阳辐射干预气候影响的评估都是基于模式模拟结果。评估主要结论如下：太阳辐射干预可以在全球和区域尺度上抵消一部分温室气体增加造成的气候变化（高信度);但是太阳辐射干预无法在全球和区域尺度上完全抵消温室气体增加引起的气候变化（几乎确定);有可能通过适当的太阳辐射干预设计,同时实现多个温度变化减缓目标（中等信度);在高强度温室气体排放情景下,如果太阳辐射干预实施后突然终止,并且这种终止长时间持续,将会造成快速的气候变化（高信度);如果在减排和CO₂移除的情况下,太阳辐射干预的实施强度逐渐减小至零,将显著降低太阳辐射干预突然终止产生的快速气候变化风险（中等信度);太阳辐射干预会通过降温作用,促进陆地和海洋对大气CO₂的吸收（中等信度),但是太阳辐射干预无法缓解海洋酸化（高信度);太阳辐射干预对其他生物化学循环影响的不确定性大。由于对云-气溶胶-辐射过程的相互作用和微物理过程认知有限,目前对平流层气溶胶注入、海洋低云亮化、高层卷云变薄等太阳辐射干预方法的冷却潜力和气候效应的认知还有很大的不确定性。  相似文献   

强雷暴天气的闪电和雷达回波特征个例分析     

张春燕  刘霞  高文俊  周宝琴  张国平 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):419-426

利用粤港澳闪电定位系统、广州多普勒天气雷达和自动气象站等资料, 分析了2017年6月2日发生在广州市中北部的一次强雷暴天气过程的地闪变化特征及闪电与雷达回波特征的关系。(1)本次强雷暴天气是华南一起典型的以西南急流和切变线为环流背景的强对流天气过程。在整个雷暴生命史中以负地闪为主, 占69.3%;正闪在雷暴发展的初始和结束阶段占比较大。(2)闪电频数分布与强雷达回波区域存在着较好的对应关系, 闪电活动位置稍有提前, 地闪频数峰值的时间比雷达回波峰值时间平均提前了11.1 min。(3)回波顶高是产生闪电的先决条件, 闪电较多分布在回波顶高9~15 km范围内, 地闪频数峰值落后于回波顶高峰值12~18 min。   相似文献   

Evaluation of effectiveness of three fuzzy systems and three texture extraction methods for building damage detection from post-event LiDAR data     

Milad Janalipour 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(12):1241-1268

Building damage maps after disasters can help us to better manage the rescue operations. Researchers have used Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data for extracting the building damage maps. For producing building damage maps from LiDAR data in a rapid manner, it is necessary to understand the effectiveness of features and classifiers. However, there is no comprehensive study on the performance of features and classifiers in identifying damaged areas. In this study, the effectiveness of three texture extraction methods and three fuzzy systems for producing the building damage maps was investigated. In the proposed method, at first, a pre-processing stage was utilized to apply essential processes on post-event LiDAR data. Second, textural features were extracted from the pre-processed LiDAR data. Third, fuzzy inference systems were generated to make a relation between the extracted textural features of buildings and their damage extents. The proposed method was tested across three areas over the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Three building damage maps with overall accuracies of 75.0%, 78.1% and 61.4% were achieved. Based on outcomes, the fuzzy inference systems were stronger than random forest, bagging, boosting and support vector machine classifiers for detecting damaged buildings.  相似文献