The interactions between vegetation and erosion: new directions for research at the interface of ecology and geomorphology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. R. Osterkamp  C. R. Hupp  Markus Stoffel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(1):23-36

Vegetation and processes of erosion and deposition are interactive. An objective of this paper is to review selected studies that emphasize the interdependencies. The reviews suggest new directions for research uniting ecology and geomorphology – the sub‐discipline of biogeomorphology. The research, which recently has become vigorous, includes the sources, movement, and fates of fluvial loads of sediment, organic carbon, nutrients, contaminants, and woody debris to low‐energy storage sites; the function of biota in causing soil evolution, stability, and sequestration of carbon; the development of new methods to characterize watersheds based on edaphic conditions; and the refinement of current empirical and conceptual models and dendrochronological techniques to measure landscape change. These well acknowledged topics and others less well anticipated ensure that biogeomorphology will remain vibrant. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the publish domain in the USA.  相似文献   

1982-2006 年中国东部春季植被变化的区域差异   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

张学珍  戴君虎  葛全胜 《地理学报》2012,67(1):53-61

分析了中国东部1982-2006 年4-5 月归一化差值植被指数(NDVI) 的空间格局和变化趋势空间分布,通过聚类分析辨识了植被活动变化过程的主要模态,并探讨了他们与温度和降水变化的相关关系。结果表明：(1) 多年平均的春季植被活动呈现南强北弱的分布特征,由强到弱的过渡带大约位于34°~39°N;(2) 1982-2006 年,华北平原、呼伦贝尔草原和洞庭湖平原的春季植被活动呈显著增强的趋势,其中华北平原NDVI 增速高达0.03/10 年(r² = 0.52;p <0.001),长三角和珠三角地区则呈显著减弱的趋势,其中长三角地区NDVI减速达-0.016/10 年(r² = 0.24;p = 0.014);(3) 1982-2006 年春季植被活动变化过程的区域差异鲜明,并呈现层次性特征,首先是长三角和珠三角与其他地区的差异,前者呈减弱趋势,后者呈增强趋势,其次是呼伦贝尔草地、华北以及江南—华南地区与东北地区、内蒙古东部和东南部及长江下游地区的差异,前者持续增强,后者以1998 年为分界点先增强后减弱,再次是各个模态年际变率的差异;(4) 半湿润—半干旱的草地和农田区植被活动与降水量变化显著正相关,半湿润—湿润的森林区植被活动与温度变化显著正相关,温度或者降水最高能解释NDVI 60%的方差。  相似文献   

1981-2010 年气候变化对青藏高原实际蒸散的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

尹云鹤  吴绍洪  赵东升  郑度  潘韬 《地理学报》2012,67(11):1471-1481

基于1981-2010 年青藏高原80 个气象台站观测数据, 通过改进的LPJ 动态植被模型, 模拟并分析了青藏高原实际蒸散及其与降水的平衡关系(P-E) 的时空变化。研究结果表明, 在过去三十年来青藏高原气候呈现以变暖为主要特征的背景下, 降水量整体略有增加, 潜在蒸散呈减少趋势, 特别是2000 年以前减少趋势显著;青藏高原大部分地区实际蒸散呈增加趋势, P-E的变化趋势呈西北增加-东南减少的空间格局。大气水分蒸散发能力降低理论上会导致实际蒸散减少, 而青藏高原大部分地区实际蒸散增加, 主要影响因素是降水增加, 实际蒸散呈增加(减少) 趋势的区域中86% (73%) 的降水增加(减少)。  相似文献   

辽东山地老秃顶子北坡植被类型及垂直带谱   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张华  马延新  武晶  祝业平  张宝财  孙卫东  马明军  兰玉波 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1261-1270

基于沿海拔梯度的样方调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,科学划分老秃顶子北坡的森林群落类型,确定老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱,并对其种类组成和生活型谱进行系统研究。结果表明:⑴老秃顶子北坡植被垂直带谱由8个带组成,即海拔500~720m的蒙古栎+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔720~820m的紫椴+色木槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔820~920m的臭冷杉+暴马丁香针阔混交林带,海拔920~1080m的臭冷杉+鱼鳞云杉暗针叶林带,海拔1080~1190m的枫桦+臭冷杉针阔混交林带,海拔1190~1280m的岳桦+簇毛槭落叶阔叶林带,海拔1280~1320m的矮灌化槭树+毛榛子山地灌丛带,海拔1320~1367m的小叶章+苔草山地草甸带。⑵老秃顶子北坡自山麓至山顶8个植被带的物种丰富度分别为43、27、33、39、54、45、47和34种,呈现出了在中等海拔高度拥有最高物种多样性的现象。⑶老秃顶子北坡在山麓~920m间,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显增多,地面芽植物明显减少;在海拔920m~山顶,随着海拔的升高,群落中高位芽植物明显减少,至山顶基本消失,而地面芽植物比例则由21.2%显著增加到山顶的79.4%。  相似文献   

黄土高原草本植被水土保持作用研究进展   总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26  

李勉  姚文艺  李占斌 《地球科学进展》2005,20(1):74-80

草本植被具有积极的保持水土的作用,在黄土高原生态环境建设中具有不可替代的作用。在系统分析黄土高原草本植被保土减蚀作用研究的过去与现状的基础上,归纳并总结了草被覆盖度与水土流失量、草被植物与地表径流系数、草被植物地下根系与土壤抗冲性及抗蚀性等方面的最新研究进展,并针对各方面存在的问题以及今后有待深入研究的问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand     

Maryd De Wemton  John S. Clayton  Rohan D. S. Wells  Chris C. Tanner  Suzanne T. Miller 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):145-151

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.  相似文献   

地表参数反演及城市热岛时空演变分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王天星  陈松林  阎广建 《地理科学》2009,29(5):697-702

采用TES算法实现了ASTER地表温度的反演,在对发射率估算方法改进基础上,利用单窗算法反演1989年TM地表温度。结合C地形校正,利用线性光谱模型提取植被覆盖度与城市不透水面密度,利用反射率提取NDVI。从多方面对城市热岛时空演变进行综合研究,研究表明,与等间距法相比,均值-标准差法可以较合理地刻画地表热场的分布,一定程度上可以避开不同时相的差异。最后时空对比及空间统计学分析显示,1989~2004年间福州市城市热岛面积、热岛强度都有所增加,城市热岛总体趋势为西北-东南走向,并逐渐向北-南方向偏移,而且城市热岛重心向东南方向偏移。  相似文献   

Hydrological response of abandoned agricultural soils along a climatological gradient on metamorphic parent material in southern Spain     

J.D. Ruiz Sinoga  J.F. Martinez Murillo 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(15):2047-2056

The hydrological and erosive response of the Mediterranean eco‐geomorphologic system has showed a very variable and complex behaviour depending on several factors: topography, geology, vegetation pattern, soil properties, land use management, etc. Climate is a key factor due to the great spatial and temporal variability. This research was carried out over different micro‐environments representative from five hillslopes localized in the Littoral Bethic Mountains in the south of Spain. The results of 20 experiments with rainfall simulations on micro‐plots (0.24 m²) and the differences of the incidence of some biotic and abiotic factors in the eco‐geomorphologic system from semi‐arid, dry‐Mediterranean and sub‐humid sites are exposed. Runoff, soil moisture and sediment were measured before, during and after the experiments. The results have shown rock fragments disposition on soil surface and vegetation seem to be the main factors that control the hydrological and erosive response at the micro‐plot‐scale of the experiments. Embedded rock fragments are the most important soil surface property because they reduce the infiltration. Whilst vegetation increases it what is more influential on the hydrological and erosive response of micro‐environments at more arid sites. We have also observed that there are micro‐environment particularities which play a more important role than the localization in the climatic gradient at micro‐plot scale. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W.X. Huai  Y.H. Zeng  Z.G. Xu  Z.H. Yang 《Advances in water resources》2009

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.  相似文献   

Topographic thresholds for plant colonization on semi‐arid eroded slopes     

E. Bochet  P. García‐Fayos  J. Poesen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(13):1758-1771

Soil erosion plays an important role in plant colonization of semi‐arid degraded areas. In this study, we aimed at deepening our knowledge of the mechanisms that control plant colonization on semi‐arid eroded slopes in east Spain by (i) determining topographic thresholds for plant colonization, (ii) identifying the soil properties limiting plant establishment and (iii) assessing whether colonizing species have specific plant traits to cope with these limitations. Slope angle and aspect were surrogates of erosion rate and water availability, respectively. Since soil erosion and water availability can limit plant establishment and both can interact in the landscape, we analysed variations in colonization success (vegetation cover and species number) with slope angle on 156 slopes, as a function of slope aspect. After determining slope angle thresholds for plant colonization, soil was sampled near the threshold values for soil analysis [nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), water holding capacity]. Plant traits expressing the plant colonizing capacity were analysed both in the pool of species colonizing the steep slopes just below the threshold and in the pool of species inhabiting gentler slopes and absent from the slopes just below the threshold. Results show that the slope angle threshold for plant colonization decreased from north to south. For the vegetation cover, threshold values were 63°, 50°, 46°, 41° for the north, east, west and south slope aspect classes, respectively, and 65°, 53°, 49° and 45° for the species richness and the same aspect classes. No differences existed in soil properties at slope angle threshold values among slope aspects and between slope positions (just below and above the threshold) within slope aspect classes. This suggests that variations between slope aspect classes in the slope angle threshold result from differences in the colonizing capacity of plants which is controlled by water availability. Long‐distance dispersal and mucilage production were preferably associated with the pool of colonizing species. These results are discussed in the perspective of a more efficient ecological restoration of degraded semi‐arid ecosystems where soil erosion acts as an ecological filter for plant establishment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献