Architecture and depositional development of the Eocene deep‐marine Morillo and Coscojuela Formations,Aínsa Basin,Spain     

F. Pohl  T. McCANN 《Geological Journal》2014,49(3):221-238

The Aínsa Basin of northern Spain contains a deep‐marine succession comprising up to 24 sandstone bodies separated by thick marl‐rich units. A detailed analysis of nine outcrops (>900 m of sediment profiles) from the Morillo Formation of the San Vicente Group, from the upper part of the basin succession, has enabled a reappraisal of the unit. Within the Morillo Formation, sediment transport was to the NW, and a range of environments are recognized including channels, lobes and pelagic deposits. The overlying Coscojuela Formation, which partly cuts into the Morillo Formation, shows W‐directed palaeocurrents in its proximal reaches, with flows being deflected to the N along an adjacent slope. Destabilization of the adjacent carbonate platform resulted in a significant input of carbonate material into the flow. The final phases of sedimentation within the Aínsa Basin were more complex than previously suspected, probably as a result of a combination of factors, including tectonic activity, resulting in basin narrowing due to anticlinal growth, as well as encroachment and/or destabilization of the adjacent regional carbonate platforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地震沉积学在滨南浊积砂岩区的研究及应用     

蒋成国  焦海燕  苗长波 《山东地质》2011,(10):23-26

运用地震沉积学的理论,使用90°相位转换和地层切片等关键技术,结合钻测井资料,对滨南地区滨682井区古近纪沙河街组3个层序的砂体分布特征和沉积体系进行了精细研究。结果表明,该区东部和东南部浊积砂体较为发育。层序I早期浊积砂体分布面积较大,中期和晚期面积较小;层序Ⅱ早期和晚期浊积砂体分布范围较大,中期很小;层序Ⅲ主要分布在南部地区。证明该方法不但简单,而且减少了穿时问题,适合楔形沉积层序的分析研究。  相似文献   

CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE-GRAINED TURBIDITE DEPOSITS FROM THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SEDIMENT CORES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈峰  蔡峰  杨宝华  宋文隆  陈承惠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1992,10(2):184-192

Two depositional processes controlled the muddy sediments in the South China Sea Basin. Bathyal sediments depositional rate was 7.66 cm/la in the northern continental slope of the Basin where turbidity current was almost nonexistent. In the northern margin of the Basin, abyssal sediment depositional rate was 5.05cm/ka and turbidity current occurrence averaged 0.22 per 1000 years. Turbidite was found in the middle of the Basin. Over half of the muddy sediments in the deep sea basin were deposited by turbidity currents, and had typically graded bedding, and contents of organic matter, calcareous material and micropaleontologic species inconsistent with the environment.  相似文献   

地震沉积学在识别陆相湖泊浊积砂体中的应用     

刘长利  朱筱敏  胡有山  廖飞燕  王正国 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):657-664

地震沉积学是一门新兴边缘交叉学科,它以三维地震数据为基础,结合岩心、测井等资料,通过先进的地球物理技术,对沉积微相进行精细研究。胜利油田滨682井区沙三中、下亚段以近岸水下扇、浊流和半深湖-深湖沉积为主,浊积砂是该层主要的产油砂体。为了分析该地区浊积砂的分布规律,在地震沉积学理论指导下,运用90°相位调整技术和地层切片技术对滨682井区目的层段进行了研究。研究结果认为：垂向上,滨682井区沙三下亚段的下部和上部以及沙三中亚段的下部和上部是浊积砂体发育的有利层段;在平面上,沙三下亚段沉积早期浊积砂体主要发育在研究区东南部,面积最大可达1.71 km²;沙三下亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体在东部、东南部和南部都有发育,南部浊积砂体面积较大,可达3.37 km²,东南部和东部浊积砂体面积较小,在1.61 km²左右;沙三中亚段沉积早期浊积砂体发育在研究区东北和东南,面积可达1.90 km²;沙三中亚段沉积晚期浊积砂体发育在研究区西部和东南部,面积都较小,一般为1.15 km²。  相似文献   

High-frequency cyclicity (Milankovitch and millennial-scale) in slope-apron carbonates: Zechstein (Upper Permian), North-east England   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MIKE MAWSON  MAURICE TUCKER 《Sedimentology》2009,56(6):1905-1936

The Upper Permian (Zechstein) slope carbonates in the Roker Formation (Zechstein 2nd‐cycle Carbonate) in North‐east England consist of turbidites interbedded with laminated lime‐mudstone. Studies of turbidite bed thickness and relative proportion of turbidites (percentage turbidites in 20 cm of section) reveal well‐developed cyclicities consisting of thinning‐upward and thickening‐upward packages of turbidite beds. These packages are on four scales, from less than a metre, up to 50 m in thickness. Assuming that the laminae of the hemipelagic background sediment are annual allows the durations of the cycles to be estimated. In addition, counting the number and thickness of turbidite beds in 20 cm of laminated lime‐mudstone, which is approximately equivalent to 1000 years (each lamina is 200 μm), gives the frequencies of the turbidite beds, the average thicknesses and the overall sedimentation rates through the succession for 1000 year time‐slots. Figures obtained are comparable with modern rates of deposition on carbonate slopes. The cyclicity present in the Roker Formation can be shown to include: Milankovitch‐band ca 100 kyr short‐eccentricity, ca 20 kyr precession and ca 10 kyr semi‐precession cycles and sub‐Milankovitch millennial‐scale cycles (0·7 to 4·3 kyr). Eccentricity and precession‐scale cycles are related to ‘highstand‐shedding’ and relative sea‐level change caused by Milankovitch‐band orbital forcing controlling carbonate productivity. The millennial‐scale cycles, which are quasi‐periodic, probably are produced by environmental changes controlled by solar forcing, i.e. variations in solar irradiance, or volcanic activity. Most probable here are fluctuations in carbonate productivity related to aridity–humidity and/or temperature changes. Precession and millennial‐scale cycles are defined most strongly in early transgressive and highstand parts of the larger‐scale short‐eccentricity cycles. The duration of the Roker Formation as a whole can be estimated from the thickness of the laminated lithotype as ca 0·3 Myr.  相似文献   

Fine-scale relief related to Late Holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California     

WILLIAM R. NORMARK†  CHARLES K. PAULL‡  DAVID W. CARESS‡  WILLIAM USSLER III‡  RAY SLITER 《Sedimentology》2009,56(6):1690-1704

Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in ≥600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0·3 m vertical and 1·5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0·1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp ). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90° turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally <1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel.  相似文献   

Evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the Late Quaternary: influence of climate change on fan sedimentation     

EMMANUELLE DUCASSOU  SÉBASTIEN MIGEON  THIERRY MULDER  ANNE MURAT  LUCILLA CAPOTONDI  STEFANO M. BERNASCONI  JEAN MASCLE 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2061-2090

This paper presents an overview of the evolution of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system during the last 200 kyr, over a series of glacial to interglacial cycles. Six individual deep‐sea fans were identified from an extensive field data set. Each fan comprises a canyon, channel system and terminal lobes. Two of these fan systems were possibly active at the same time, at least during some periods. Large‐scale slope failures destroyed channel segments and caused the formation of new submarine fan systems. These slope failures thus played an important role in the overall evolution of the turbidite system. During the last glacial maximum (ca 25 to 14·8 ka) the central and eastern parts of the Nile deep‐sea turbidite system were relatively inactive. This inactivity corresponds to a lowstand in sea‐level, and a period of arid climate and relatively low sediment discharge from the Nile fluvial system. Rapid accumulation of fluvial flood‐derived deposits occurred across the shallower part of the submarine delta during sea‐level rise between ca 14·8 and 5 ka. The most recent deep‐sea channel–lobe system was very active during this period of rising sea‐level, which is also associated with a wetter continental climate and increased sediment and water discharge from the Nile. Increased sediment deposition in shallower water areas led to occasional large‐scale slope failure. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system was largely inactive after ca 5 ka. This widespread inactivity is due to retreat of the coastline away from the continental shelf break, and to a more arid continental climate and reduced discharge of sediment from the Nile. The Nile deep‐sea turbidite system may be more active during periods of rising and high sea‐level associated with wetter climates, than during lowstands, and may rapidly become largely inactive during highstands in sea‐level coupled with arid periods. These acute responses to climate change have produced sedimentary/stratigraphic features that diverge from traditional sequence models in their nature and timing. This large‐scale sedimentary system responded to monsoon‐driven climate change and sea‐level change in a system‐wide and contemporaneous manner.  相似文献   

深海沉积理论发展及其在油气勘探中的意义   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

李祥辉  王成善  金玮  冉波 《沉积学报》2009,27(1):77-86

深海沉积理论的进展主要涉及“鲍玛序列”、浊流、砂质碎屑流和深海层序地层四方面。以Shanmugam为代表认为:“鲍玛序列”并非唯一浊流产物,可含有砂质碎屑流、浊流、内潮汐、内波、等深流多种流体作用的结果;过去识别的“鲍玛序列”A段有浊流也有相当部分是砂质碎屑流成因,B—D段交错层理则是底层牵引流沉积产生的;只有浊流的沉积物才能称为浊积岩;“高密度浊流”是指砂质碎屑流而不是浊流;浊流是一种有牛顿流和紊乱状态的沉积物重力流;浊积岩没有复杂的颗粒悬浮层和碎石浮层,不发育逆粒序。Shanmugam等关于“鲍玛序列”这一新解是深海沉积学理论的一个进步。深海牵引流过去数十年取得了较大进步,但理论与实践脱节。深海层序地层是深海沉积理论进展的另一个方面,层序界面类型、体系域沉积有自身的独特性:层序界面至少存在斜坡侵蚀面、低水位下超面和水下沉积间断面三种;当沉积背景以陆源碎屑为主时,LST主要为盆底扇,TST和早期HST表现为非钙质远洋沉积,晚期HST一般不发育;当碳酸盐沉积为沉积背景时,LST主体为碎屑流和跨塌蹦落沉积或淡水透镜体,TST和早期HST为钙质细粒沉积,晚期HST可能存在有较小规模的钙屑海底扇。建议慎重解释“鲍玛序列”,审视“浊积扇”理论,废弃“浊积扇”概念,加强深海牵引流沉积机理方面的研究;LST浊积砂体、砂质碎屑流形成的块状不规则砂体、深海牵引流砂体可在深海储层预测方面具有巨大潜势,深海沉积作用及其过程的精细研究在指导深海油气勘探方面将会发挥越来越为重要的作用。  相似文献   

琼东南盆地莺歌海组重力流沉积演化过程   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付超  于兴河  金丽娜  董亦思  单新  何玉林 《沉积学报》2017,35(3):552-560

琼东南盆地是我国重要的油气富集区和水合物前景区,研究其深水沉积体系的展布和演化过程对于油气和水合物勘探具有重要意义。利用高精度三维地震资料,对琼东南甘泉凸起西部陆坡沉积体系进行研究。通过地震相识别的方法,分析了该地区浊积水道和滑塌体两种不同成因沉积体的沉积特征:浊积水道受底流作用影响,和陆坡走向平行,发育有不对称的天然堤;通过地震剖面的精细解释,在水道上部和下部发育两套滑塌体:下部滑塌体为正常滑塌体,由多期的滑塌过程组成,滑塌体叠置现象明显;上部为水道注入型滑塌体,由于外部流体的注入,使水体的密度和黏度下降,故滑塌范围较广,成层性明显。通过均方根属性切片与沉积模式重建的方法,将其沉积过程分成三期:即滑塌、侵蚀和再滑塌并受底流改造三个阶段。  相似文献   

Hybrid event beds dominated by transitional‐flow facies: character,distribution and significance in the Maastrichtian Springar Formation,north‐west Vøring Basin,Norwegian Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah J. Southern  Ian A. Kane  Michał J. Warchoł  Kristin W. Porten  William D. McCaffrey 《Sedimentology》2017,64(3):747-776

Hybrid event beds comprising clay‐poor and clay‐rich sandstone are abundant in Maastrichtian‐aged sandstones of the Springar Formation in the north‐west Vøring Basin, Norwegian Sea. This study focuses on an interval, informally referred to as the Lower Sandstone, which has been penetrated in five wells that are distributed along a 140 km downstream transect. Systematic variations in bed style within this stratigraphic interval are used to infer variation in flow behaviour in relatively proximal and distal settings, although individual beds were not correlated. The Lower Sandstone shows an overall reduction in total thickness, bed amalgamation, sand to mud ratio and grain size in distal wells. Turbidites dominated by clay‐poor sandstone are at their most common in relatively proximal wells, whereas hybrid event beds are at their most common in distal wells. Hybrid event beds typically comprise a basal clay‐poor sandstone (non‐stratified or stratified) overlain by banded sandstone, with clay‐rich non‐stratified sandstone at the bed top. The dominant type of clay‐poor sandstone at the base of these beds varies spatially; non‐stratified sandstone is thickest and most common proximally, whereas stratified sandstone becomes dominant in distal wells. Stratified and banded sandstone record progressive deposition of the hybrid event bed. Thus, the facies succession within hybrid event beds records the longitudinal heterogeneity of flow behaviour within the depositional boundary layer; this layer changed from non‐cohesive at the front, through a region of transitional behaviour (fluctuating non‐cohesive and cohesive flow), to cohesive behaviour at the rear. Spatial variation in the dominant type of clay‐poor sandstone at the bed base suggests that the front of the flow remained non‐cohesive, and evolved from high‐concentration and turbulence‐suppressed to increasingly turbulent flow; this is thought to occur in response to deposition and declining sediment fallout. This research may be applicable to other hybrid event bed prone systems, and emphasizes the dynamic nature of hybrid flows.  相似文献