胶质芽孢杆菌－蒙脱石相互作用实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱云  曹维政  鲁安怀  王清华  李艳  张虓雷  王长秋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(1):121-126

利用硅酸盐细菌研究了微生物对硅酸盐矿物的分解作用。选取层状硅酸盐矿物蒙脱石在30℃与一株编号为3025的硅酸盐细菌B.mucilaginosus进行交互作用,并利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析溶液中Si、Al、Mg离子的出溶量,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和显微红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)分析微生物作用后矿物物相和微结构变化。发现经硅酸盐细菌作用后,蒙脱石化学成分及晶体结构发生了细微变化,为微生物活动促进粘土矿物分解作用研究提供了实验和理论依据。  相似文献   

基于硫酸盐还原菌作用的油菜秆固定床处理模拟含Cr（Ⅵ）废水     

刘畅  陈天虎  周跃飞  金杰 《矿物学报》2011,31(4):742-749

探讨了固定床除Cr工艺以油菜秆为微生物生长的缓释碳源,含SRB的混合微生物和油菜秆对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原和固定的共同作用。动态实验分2阶段开展：初始2周的驯化阶段和梯度增加Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的除Cr实验阶段。除Cr实验中,间歇对固定床出水pH、氧化还原电位、SO42-及硫化物浓度、DOC、Cr（Ⅵ）浓度进行测试,实验结束后对固定床中固体产物进行SEM、EDS和XPS等分析。结果表明,油菜秆固定床处理模拟含Cr（Ⅵ）废水效果明显。当进水Cr（Ⅵ）浓度ρ[Cr（Ⅵ）]〈19.52 mg/L时,出水Cr（Ⅵ）和Cr（Ⅲ）浓度均低于排放标准（0.05 mg/L）;Cr（Ⅵ）被还原为Cr（Ⅲ）,Cr（Ⅲ）以氢氧化物的形式沉淀附着于油菜秆和其它固体物质之上。分析认为,油菜秆在固定床处理模拟含Cr（Ⅵ）废水中所起的作用主要包括3方面（作为微生物生长的缓释碳源;吸附Cr（Ⅵ）,降低其对微生物的毒性;作为Cr（Ⅲ）矿化产物的沉淀附着界面）;Cr（Ⅵ）主要通过SRB的直接作用及H2S的作用被还原为Cr（Ⅲ）;以油菜秆为碳源的固定床处理Cr（Ⅵ）的浓度上限介于15.05～19.52mg/L之间。  相似文献   

Variation of bacteria biomass and its possible controlling factors in the East China Sea     

Wenjuan Xia  Jiangtao Wang  Liju Tan  Qiulu Wang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(2):135-141

Two surveys were performed for determining bacteria biomass (BB), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (chl-a) and nutrient concentrations at 11 stations with three sampling depths in the high-incidence regions of red tide in the East China Sea (ECS) in the spring of 2006. Temperature and salinity increased from nearshore to offshore region and from high latitude to low latitude in the two cruises of 2006. BB were between 0.3–5.2 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.1 mgC m⁻³ on average) and 0.2–6.0 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.7 mgC m⁻³ on average) respectively in the two cruises. BB in the surface layer decreased from the Changjiang River estuary to high sea and from low latitude to high latitude. The results showed that bacterial growth was regulated by temperature, primary production and inorganic nutrient concentrations depending on different hydrographic conditions. In the surface and middle layers where the primary production can supply enough organic substrate, temperature was the main factor to control bacteria biomass. BB showed a good correlation between the surface and middle layers in both cruises. The distribution of nutrients during both cruises showed a similar decreasing trend from nearshore region and high latitude to offshore region and low latitude. High BB values were mainly recorded from samples in the middle layer where chl-a concentrations were also high, indicating primary production being strongly correlated with temperature over the ECS shelf. In the offshore area, phosphate and silicate became limiting factors for phytoplankton growth with indirect influence on BB. Bacteria played an important role in nitrogen regeneration process turning organic nitrogen to inorganic forms such as NH₄ ⁺. The increasing ratio of NH₄ ⁺/DIN could be a proof of that.  相似文献   

Origin and biochemical cycling of particulate nitrogen in the Mandovi estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Loreta Fernandes 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011,94(3):291-298

Mandovi estuary is a tropical estuary strongly influenced by the southwest monsoon. In order to understand, sources and fate of particulate organic nitrogen, suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from various locations, was analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), δ¹³C_POC, total hydrolysable amino acid enantiomers (l- and d- amino acids) concentration and composition. δ¹³C_POC values were depleted (−32 to −25‰) during the monsoon and enriched (−29.6 to −21‰) in the pre-monsoon season implying that OM was derived from terrestrial and marine sources during the former and latter season, respectively. The biological indicators such as C/N ratio, d-amino acids, THAA yields and degradation indices (DI) indicate that the particulate organic matter (POM) was relatively more degraded during the monsoon season. Conversely, during the pre-monsoon, the biological indicators indicated the presence of relatively fresh and labile POM derived from autochthonous sources. Amino acids such as alanine, aspartic acid, leucine, serine, arginine, and threonine in monsoon and glutamic acid, glycine, valine, lysine, and isoleucine in pre-monsoon were relatively abundant. Presence of bacterial biomarker, d-amino acids in the SPM of the estuary during both the seasons signifies important contribution of bacteria to the estuarine detrital ON pool. Based on d-amino acid yields, bacterial OM accounted for 16-34% (23.0 ± 6.7%) of POC and 29-75% (47.9 ± 18.7%) of PON in monsoon, and 30-78% (50.0 ± 15%) of POC and 34-79% (51.2 ± 13.3%) of the PON in pre-monsoon in the estuary. Substantial contribution of bacterial-N to PON indicates nitrogen (N) enrichment on terrestrial POM during the monsoon season. Transport of terrestrial POM enriched with bacterial OM to the coastal waters is expected to influence coastal productivity and ecosystem functioning during the monsoon season.  相似文献   

海胆相关菌株抗菌活性筛选及其生物学特性          下载免费PDF全文

黄苛  刘祝祥  陈奇辉  贺建武  粟银  张丽  陈义光 《海洋科学》2011,35(8):25-31

以8个菌株（3株革兰氏阳性菌、3株革兰氏阴性菌和2株真菌）作为指示菌,采用管碟法对分离自南海硇洲岛马粪海hP-（Hemicentrotuspulcherrimus）中的106株细菌（含放线菌）进行抗菌活性筛选,并对其中抗菌活性较强的菌株进行了基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析和生物学特性研究。结果显示．具有抗菌活...  相似文献   

两株河口湿地耐盐石油降解菌的生物学特性及降解能力研究     

张竹圆  白洁  周方  蔡忠亚  赵阳国  田伟君 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):147-153

从辽河口湿地污染土壤样品中分离筛选出2株高效石油降解茵lhk-2和lhk-10,经鉴定lhk-2为巴氏萄萄球菌(Staphylococcus pasteuri),lhk-10为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonasmaltophili).两株菌的石油降解能力研究结果表明,培养8d后,加菌组的石油烃降解率均在...  相似文献   

海洋溶藻功能菌作用机理研究的若干进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李东  李祎  郑天凌 《地球科学进展》2013,28(2):243-252

基于“菌—藻关系”的理念,深入探讨海洋溶藻功能细菌作为潜在的有效防治有害藻华的微生物,已成为学者们的研究热点.但大多的研究主要涉及菌株的分离、鉴定及功能活性物质的纯化,溶藻机理的研究鲜有报道.主要概述了当前国内外海洋环境中溶藻功能细菌溶藻机理的研究进展,并探讨分析了利用海洋溶藻功能细菌防治有害藻华的未来发展方向,提出了该领域今后的重点研究任务.  相似文献   

影响南极海洋石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49生长和降解率的环境因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘芳明  缪锦来  臧家业  董春霞  王以斌 《极地研究》2009,21(2):81-90

以柴油为唯一碳源和能源,从南极海水海冰微生物资源库中筛选到一株石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49,并对影响其生长和降解率的环境因素(pH、温度、盐度、营养盐和表面活性剂)进行了初步研究。结果表明:希瓦氏菌NJ49可作为低温海域石油烃污染生物修复的菌源,其生长和降解的最适条件为:初始pH7.5,温度15℃,盐度6%,摇瓶装量80ml,最佳氮源硝酸铵,最佳磷源为磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾的混合物,添加表面活性剂可促进希瓦氏菌NJ49的生长和生物降解率。  相似文献   

Cultivable bacteria from bulk water,aggregates, and surface sediments of a tidal flat ecosystem     

Heike Stevens  Meinhard Simon  Thorsten Brinkhoff 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):291-304

Most-probable-number (MPN) dilution series were used to enumerate and isolate bacteria from bulk water, suspended aggregates, the oxic layer, and the oxic–anoxic transition zone of the sediment of a tidal flat ecosystem in the southern North Sea. The heterotrophic aerobic bacteria were able to grow on agar-agar, alginate, cellulose, chitin, dried and ground Fucus vesiculosus, Marine Broth 2216, palmitate, and starch. MPN counts of bulk water and aggregate samples ranged between 0.18?×?10¹ and 1.1?×?10⁶ cells per milliliter and those of the sediment surface and the transition zone between 0.8?×?10¹ and 5.1?×?10⁷ cells per gram dry weight. Marine Broth and F. vesiculosus yielded the highest values of all substrates tested and corresponded to 2.3–32% of 4,6-diamidinophenyl indole cell counts. Strains of seven phylogenetic classes were obtained: Actinobacteria, Bacilli, α- and γ-Proteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Flavobacteria, and Planctomycetacia. Only with agar-agar as substrate could organisms of all seven classes be isolated.  相似文献   

Surface selection,adhesion, and retention behavior of marine bacteria on synthetic organic surfaces using self-assembled monolayers and atomic force microscopy     

Chuan Zhao  Thorsten Brinkhoff  Malte Burchardt  Meinhard Simon  Gunther Wittstock 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):305-315

Adhesion of two marine bacteria Shewanella sp. strain T1 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain T8, on differently terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold was investigated. The selected model surfaces—terminated by CH₃, OH, NH₂, COOH, OH-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol), and methyl-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)—are characterized by contact angle measurement using water, methylene iodide, 1-bromonaphthalene, and formamide. Surface free energies were calculated. Cell counting of the two bacterial strains on the model surfaces after different times revealed differences between the two strains by at least one order of magnitude. For the different surfaces, the bacteria showed comparably small selectivity. Atomic force microscopy images of adhered bacteria showed very different fingerprints on the different surfaces. Electronic supplementary material  Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible to authorized users.  相似文献