Microbial status in seawater and coastal sediments during pre- and post-tsunami periods in the Bay of Bengal, India     

Subramani Ramesh  Mani Jayaprakashvel  & Narayanasamy Mathivanan 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(3):198-203

Tsunami, the natural disaster, which occurred on December 26, 2004 in the Indian Ocean, caused severe damage to mankind in the coastal areas. Total loss of life and economic loss because of this disaster have been estimated by various agencies but its effect on microbial density has not been probed. With our previous results on microbial populations in four locations of the Chennai coast of the Bay of Bengal, India in the pre‐tsunami period, the change in microbial populations was studied after the tsunami at regular intervals in the same locations. Coastal sediment and seawater samples were collected from four different locations after 5–10 h and thereafter at intervals of every 7 days up to 28 days post‐tsunami. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were isolated from the marine samples by serial dilution on respective media. Before the tsunami, the bacterial population was higher in seawater samples than the sediments, whereas fungi and actinomycetes were recorded only in the sediments. The microbial population remarkably increased 5–10 h post‐tsunami in all the marine samples irrespective of the location. However, it slowly declined in the subsequent days and became similar to that of the population recorded before the tsunami. The population of gram‐positive bacteria increased whereas the gram‐negative bacterial population decreased after the tsunami. Further, populations of pathogenic bacteria such as coliform and vibrios did not increase after the tsunami. It has been observed that the increase in populations of bacteria and actinomycetes even after 28 days of tsunami may be due to the introduction of foreign microorganisms that developed the ability to survive in the extreme environment by exhibiting special characteristics such as pigmentation and production of exopolysaccharides.  相似文献   

Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from a Traditional Jeotgal Product in Korea     

Gyu Sung Cho  Hyung Ki Do 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(2):113-119

Seventeen lactic acid bacterial strains (LAB) were isolated using MRS agar medium from Jeotgal, a Korean fermented food, purchased at the Jukdo market of Pohang. To identify the strains isolated, they were tested by examining their cell morphologies, gram-staining, catalase activity, arginine hydrolase activity, D-L lactate form and carbohydrate fermentation. According to the phenotypic characteristics, three strains were tent atively identified asLactobacillus spp., ten wereEnterococcus spp. (orStreptococcus spp., orPediococcus spp.) and the rest were Leuconostoc spp. (orWeissella spp.). Five strains among 17 were chosen by preliminary bacteriocin activity test. Four bacterial strains which inhibited both indicator microorganisms were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results are as follows; Leuconostoc mesenteroides (HK 4),Leuconostoc mesenteroides (HK 5),Leuconostoc mesenteroides(HK 11),Streptococcus salivarius(HK 8). In order to check LAB which are showing a high survival rate in gut, we investigated three strains inhibiting both indicator microorganisms in artificial gastric acid and bile juice -all except HK8. The three strains mentioned above grew in extreme low acid conditions.  相似文献   

Transfer of manganese and ferro ions by manganese bacteria     

Shi Junxian  Chen Zhongyuan 《海洋学报(英文版)》1996,15(3):355-363

Ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｏｆｍａｎｇａｎｅｓｅａｎｄｆｅｒｒｏｉｏｎｓｂｙｍａｎｇａｎｅｓｅｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ￥ＳｈｉＪｕｎｘｉａｎａｎｄＣｈｅｎＺｈｏｎｇｙｕａｎ（ＴｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｔａｔｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄ...  相似文献   

Reduction of iodate in seawater during Arabian Sea shipboard incubations and in laboratory cultures of the marine bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens strain MR-4     

Anna M. Farrenkopf  Michael E. Dollhopf  Sinad Ní Chadhain  George W. Luther  III  Kenneth H. Nealson 《Marine Chemistry》1997,57(3-4)

Shipboard incubations from the US JGOFS cruise to the Arabian Sea (TN045) March, 1995 showed evidence of iodate reduction in 0.45 μ (Gelman Supor membrane) filtered seawater samples collected from intermediate depths (200–600 m) within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Inorganic chemical reduction of iodate in these samples was ruled out as no free sulfide was measurable and concentrations of ammonia and nitrite were found to be less than 5 μM. To examine whether the reduction of iodate observed at sea could have been the result of bacterial metabolism, reduction of iodate (IO₃⁻) to iodide (I⁻) by Shewanella putrefaciens strain MR-4 was studied in artificial seawater using electrochemical methods. MR-4 is a ubiquitous marine bacterium which may be of considerable importance when considering redox zonation in the water column because it is a facultative anaerobe and may switch amongst a suite of electron acceptors to support metabolism. In all experiments MR-4 reduced all iodate to iodide. The rate of formation of [I⁻]in the culture followed pseudo-first order kinetics. This is the first report of the marine bacterial reduction of iodate where the concentrations of iodide and iodate were measured directly. Our results may help to explain the depth distribution of iodine speciation reported in productive waters like the Arabian Sea and for the first time couple iodine speciation with bacterial productivity in the ocean.  相似文献   

象山港养殖区域功能性蛭弧菌的分布特征     

肖志猛  熊尚凌  杨季芳  陈昌福 《海洋学研究》2007,25(3):50-58

通过以海水养殖动物病原菌为靶细菌在象山港养殖水域成功诱导分离到各种蛭弧菌,开展了蛭弧菌、弧菌、异养细菌季节生态分布特征研究。研究结果表明,不同种类或同种不同菌株宿主所对应的敏感蛭弧菌数量呈现明显差异,付溶血弧菌敏感蛭弧菌检出率(数值)最高。同一宿主检测出的敏感蛭弧菌在近岸海水、池塘水及底泥中的分布呈现差异,其分布特征与异养细菌、弧菌的分布特征呈正相关。近岸海水中异养细菌和弧菌总数均高于塘内海水;虾塘表泥中异氧细菌和弧菌总数均高于近岸海水和池塘海水中细菌数量;夏季各种细菌数量最高,冬季最低。蛭弧菌的最适生长温度为25~30℃。  相似文献   

Size partitioning of microbial and meiobenthic biomass and respiration on Brown's Bank, south-west Nova Scotia     

Jonathan Grant  Peter Schwinghamer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1987,25(6)

Biomass and respiration (oxygen consumption) of bacteria, microfauna, and meiofauna were measured in coarse sand sediment from Brown's Bank (172 m) off Nova Scotia, Canada. Community biomass, excluding macrofauna, had a median value of 35 mg C m⁻², dominated by bacteria (51%), microfauna (25%), and a minor meiofauna component (2·5%). Protozoan microfauna were mostly microflagellates (colourless cryptomonads). The experimental design allowed partitioning of benthic metabolism without using subtraction from whole community rates. Addition-removal experiments with fauna separated into size categories were used to construct a respiration-biomass regression for all taxa. Respiration rates for faunal groups were then calculated from their biomass in the natural sediment. Total microbial and meiofaunal community respiration had a median rate of 0·55 ml O₂ m⁻² h⁻¹ which was partitioned into median proportions of bacteria (50%) microflagellates (27%), and metazoan meiofauna (4%). Correlations among faunal biomass values from incubated vials of sediment suggested that bacteria were important prey for protozoans. With added biomass of meiofauna, protozoans also became a potentially important source of prey. The results demonstrated the significance of microflagellate protozoans in these sediments and their metabolic and trophic importance relative to meiofauna and even bacteria.  相似文献   

Studies on the edwardsiellosis and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus L.) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)     

FANG Hai  ZHANG Xiaojun  CHEN Cuizhen  JIN Xiaomin  WANG Xiuyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(3):138-147

1IntroductionEdwardsiellahas been recognized as a world-wide-occurring pathogen of numerous marine fishspecies,and edwardsiellosis has been recorded in adiverse array of fish species,including chinooksalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschaL.(Amandi etal.,1982),cha…  相似文献   

Nutrient flux in the Rhode River: Tidal transport of microorganisms in brackish marshes     

P. A. Rublee  S. M. Merkel  M. A. Faust 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(6):669-680

Concentrations of bacteria, chlorophyll a, and several dissolved organic compounds were determined during 11 tidal cycles throughout the year in a high and a low elevation marsh of a brackish tidal estuary. Mean bacterial concentrations were slightly higher in flooding (7·1 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹) than in ebbing waters (6·5 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹), and there were no differences between marshes. Mean chlorophyll a concentrations were 36·7 μg l⁻¹ in the low marsh and 20·4 μg l⁻¹ in the high marsh. Flux calculations, based on tidal records and measured concentrations, suggested a small net import of bacterial and algal biomass into both marshes. Over the course of individual tidal cycles, concentrations of all parameters were variable and not related to tidal stage. Heterotrophic activity measured by the uptake of ³H-thymidine, was found predominantly in the smallest particle size fractions (< 1·0 μm). Thymidine uptake was correlated with temperature (r = 0·48, P < 0·01), and bacterial productivity was estimated to be 7 to 42 μg Cl⁻¹ day⁻¹.  相似文献   

福建省连江县养殖对虾病毒性疾病的调查研究     

苏国成  陈水土  陈然  李福东  张跃平  郑铃  包幼迪 《热带海洋学报》1996,(1)

对福建省连江县养殖对虾的虾病流行情况和发病规律及流行过程中水环境化学、浮游植物、微生物等的动态变化进行了调查，研究了对虾疾病的传染性、传播途径，以及病原与各因子的相互关系。结果表明：不同的对虾种类发病症状基本一致，典型症状为甲壳白斑，甲壳下水肿。该疾病的流行过程可分为三个阶段：发病前期（１－７ｄ）；发病中期（持续时间约１０—１５ｄ）；发病晚期（对虾暴发性死亡时间仅为２—５ｄ）。该流行病是杆状病毒引起并发细菌性传染病，可借海水和病虾尸体为媒介，通过消化道和体表面在不同种虾体间迅速传播。  相似文献   

中国对虾甲壳褐斑病的扫描电镜研究     

杨季芳  吴友吕 《海洋学研究》1992,10(4):51-55

本文报导了病虾溃疡甲壳的扫描电镜观察结果。由于细菌的侵蚀,甲壳有不同程度的溃疡病变。由甲酚类物质组成的表壳层结构普遍受损,呈剥离状。外壳层和含钙内壳层也有大面积的深度损害。刚毛断裂的结构显示,刚毛由内轴和外鞘组成,外鞘厚度约为1μm,内轴为实心,厚度约为5μm,轴鞘结构之间有一宽度为0.5μm的间隙。  相似文献