Interactive effects of the type of milling media and copper sulphate addition on the flotation performance of sulphide minerals from Merensky ore Part I: Pulp chemistry     

D.J. Bradshaw  A.M. Buswell  P.J. Harris  Z. Ekmekci 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006

It is well known that the chemical environment determines the success of the flotation process, however its characterisation and control is difficult to achieve. This paper, as two parts, Part I and Part II, evaluates the use of various measurements and their interpretation to gain an understanding of the influence of varying parameters such as the type of milling media and copper sulphate addition on the flotation performance of sulphide minerals from a platinum group mineral (PGM) bearing Merensky ore. It shows the complexity of interpretation and the importance of analysing flotation performance holistically. Part I focuses on the pulp chemistry and mineral potential measurements have been used to show the differences in the response of the various mineral electrodes to different conditions. The final flotation recoveries of the sulphide minerals in the ore followed the same trend as the decrease in mineral potential due to collector addition viz. chalcopyrite > pentlandite > pyrrhotite. Type of milling media and copper sulphate addition slightly affected the mineral electrode potential and flotation recovery of chalcopyrite. Addition of copper sulphate increased the recovery of pentlandite and particularly pyrrhotite due to activation by copper (II) ions. The copper activation mechanism was likely to be in the form of initial adsorption of copper hydroxide followed by reduction to Cu⁺ at the surface. However, the changes in flotation performance of the different minerals in the ore could not be completely described by the electrochemical changes, demonstrating the limitations of these measurements. Part II addresses the effect of froth stability as demonstrated by the variations in the mass and water recovery data resulting from the different milling conditions and addition of copper sulphate which emphasised the importance of considering the froth phase in the evaluation of flotation data.  相似文献   

Silicification of sulphate evaporites and their carbonate replacements in Eocene marine sediments, Tunisia: two diagenetic trends   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MOHSEN HENCHIRI  NAJET SLIM-S'HIMI 《Sedimentology》2006,53(5):1135-1159

Samples of chert nodules, diagenetic carbonates and evaporites (gypsum/anhydrite) collected from the gypsiferous limestones of the Kef Eddour Member (Ypressian‐Priabonian) near Metlaoui and Sehib (Tunisia) show selective silicification with great variety in the silicified by‐products. Based on δ¹³C values, which support an organic origin for the carbon, carbonates replaced evaporites microbially through bacterial sulphate reduction. Observations and results suggest two scenarios for chert formation that are related to the rate and timing of diagenetic carbonate replacement of the evaporites (anhydrite/gypsum). In the absence of early diagenetic carbonate phases, silica with δ¹⁸O values from +25 to +28·6‰ [standard mean ocean water (SMOW)] replaced the outer parts of anhydrite nodules at pH < 9. In contrast, pore‐fluid pH values > 9 in the innermost parts of the anhydrite nodules prevented silica precipitation. The record of this chemical barrier is preserved in the microquartz rims and geode features that formed in the inner parts of the nodules after dissolution of the anhydrite nucleus. The microbial diagenetic replacement of evaporites (bacterial sulphate reduction) by carbonates (calcite, aragonite and dolomite) favoured silica replacement of carbonates rather than evaporites. Silica, with δ¹⁸O signature of +21 to +26‰ (SMOW), replaced carbonates on a volume‐for‐volume basis, yielding a more siliceous groundmass, and accounting for 90–95% of the nodules. The relatively higher δ¹⁸O values of quartz replacing anhydrite can be explained by a diagenetic fluid in equilibrium with mixed (meteoric/marine) to marine water. The lower δ¹⁸O values of the quartz that replaced the diagenetic carbonates are ascribed to flushing by meteoric water in a later diagenetic stage. The silica supply for chert formation could be derived from the reworked bio‐siliceous deposits (diatomites) to the west of the basin [vestiges of an opal‐CT precursor undetectable by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were revealed by δ²⁹Si magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance investigations], diagenesis of the extraformational and overlying clay‐rich beds (the host limestones are clay‐poor as shown by XRD measurements), and minor volcanogenic and hydrothermal contributions during early diagenetic stages.  相似文献   

四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究   总被引：88，自引：7，他引：81  

王一刚  窦立荣  文应初  张静  刘划一 《地球化学》2002,31(6):517-524

四川盆地东北部宣汉－开县地区的下三叠统飞仙关组气藏埋深3000－4500m,地温在100℃左右,天然气中H2S含量为12％－17％。这些H2S为飞仙关组气藏附近的硬石膏经硫酸盐热化学还原作用（TSR）而成。与TSR有关的硬石膏,H2S,S^0和FeS2的δ^24S分别为＋30.4‰, 12.9‰, 19.1‰和＋19.4‰,交代硬石膏的方解石的δ^13C为－7.26‰,δ^18O为－6.41‰,其内所含两相流体包裹体的均一温度为109－151℃。这些高含硫气藏的天然气和储层沥青的热演化程度比其他地区飞仙关组气藏的更高。该区飞仙关组最大埋藏温度超过180℃,但由于后期构造抬升,大于104℃地温的埋藏时间小于20Ma,故气藏H2S含量低于20％。  相似文献   

邢东地热水的化学特征、起源及利用     

谢明忠 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(5):50-51,57

根据位于河北邢台东部太行山前大断裂东侧的金地热1号井的水质化验资料和测温资料,邢东地热水为镭、硅、氟、硫酸钙钠型高热复合矿水,具有较好的医疗价值,为核试验之前降水而成;地热温度随埋藏深度而自然增高（埋深2 900m时,井温89.9℃）,其地热类型属于盆地型中低温地热资源.  相似文献   

Export of Acidity in Drainage Water from Acid Sulphate Soils     

F.J Cook  W Hicks  E.A Gardner  G.D Carlin  D.W Froggatt 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):319-326

Disturbed acid sulphate soils are potent sources of acidity in coastal waterways. Monitoring studies of the drainage water for sites at East Trinity, Cairns and Pimpama, south-east Queensland indicate that considerable acidity is found in the drainage water from these sites. Hydrogen (H⁺), ferrous (Fe²⁺) and aluminium (Al) ions are the dominant acid cations involved. When drainage water is mixed with fresh or marine waters the effect of H⁺ on acidity generation is immediate. Aluminium can release acidity on hydrolysis, while the oxidation of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ both acidifies and removes dissolved oxygen from the water. Strongly acidic waters with low levels of dissolved oxygen concentration are undesirable for most forms of aquatic life. Export of acidity from acid sulphate soil is likely to have a major effect on inshore fisheries and breeding grounds especially in periods of flood following drought or periods of low rainfall, where large volumes of acidity can be flushed/leached into sensitive aquatic/marine habitats. Impacts may include low dissolved oxygen, fish kills, epizootic ulceration syndrome and damage to oysters. During the processes of oxidation and hydrolysis, iron and aluminium flocs form, that can smother benthic communities. Heavy metals are found in the drainage water at elevated levels and may also be of concern for aquatic organisms. Chronic effects such as habitat degradation, mortality of marine worms, bivalves, invasion of acid tolerant species (both plant and animal) and avoidance of habitat have been documented elsewhere. These areas require further research.  相似文献   

Dolomite formation and biogeochemical cycles in the Phanerozoic   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Stephen J. Burns  Judith A. Mckenzie†  Crisogono Vasconcelos† 《Sedimentology》2000,47(S1):49-61

  相似文献   

塔中原油超高二苯并噻吩硫特征及其控制因素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李素梅  张宝收  张海祖  盛世忠  赵明 《现代地质》2011,25(6):1108-1120

塔中相当部分原油具有高丰度芳香硫——二苯并噻吩(DBTs)特征,其在原油中的绝对丰度高达26 859μg/g,在芳烃中的相对丰度高达58.2%,主要分布在塔中I号构造带下奥陶统、塔中4(TZ4)和塔中1-6(TZ1-6)井区。采用综合地球化学研究途径,对该区原油的高DBTs特征及其主控因素进行初步探讨。分析表明,研究区母源岩较强地控制DBTs的丰度,纯泥岩、页岩中DBTs丰度不高,灰岩、云岩等烃源岩DBTs丰度偏高或超高;观察到在正常油窗范围内,烃源岩和相关原油随成熟度增加DBTs丰度增加,而塔中型高-过熟原油中DBTs丰度有先增加后减小的趋势,表明热成熟作用对该化合物有较强的控制作用;发现生物降解、水洗可使原油中DBTs丰度降低,但对塔中原油中DBTs影响较小;观测到塔中相当部分原油的DBTs含量与硫酸盐热化学还原作用——TSR的作用产物H2S、硫醇、长链烷基四氢噻烷有一定正相关性。对比研究认为,有多种因素控制塔中原油中DBTs丰度与分布,热成熟作用、TSR是导致塔中下奥陶统部分原油高DBTs特征的重要原因,前者可能是主要因素,特殊母源岩因素相对较少,尽管尚不能排除。TZ4井区等石炭系高DBTs原油主要来自深部地层,与下奥陶统抑或更深层高DBTS原油的混入有关。本研究对于该区深层油气勘探具有重要意义。  相似文献   

The Effect of Additives on Crystal Size of Sodium Sulphate     

ZHANG Lei  LIU Shanhe  XIANG Jun  CHENG Penggao  TANG N  WANG Xuekui 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):401-403

正1 Introduction Anhydrous sodium,mainly produced in the United States,Canada,Japan,is indispensable commodities and raw materials in daily life and industry.In recent years,anhydrous sodium sulfate of general size was much oversupplied[1].However particles anhydrous sodium sulphate of large size is not adequate to the demand for its  相似文献   

硫酸盐渍土盐胀特性试验及分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘娉慧  王俊臣  蒋剑  王常明 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(1):74-78

硫酸盐渍土分布广泛,其盐胀特性给工程建设带来诸多困难,以往许多这方面的研究多是通过向非盐渍土中掺入不同比例的盐分,人工制备成盐渍土样进行,且仅侧重于盐胀率的测试和分析,对盐胀压力的研究很少.结合硫酸盐渍土地区工程现场出现的渠道面板胀裂变形等问题,取样天然硫酸盐渍土,对单因素影响下的硫酸盐渍土膨胀率进行测试和分析,对各因素作用下的盐胀机理加以分析,并对法向膨胀力进行测试,与非盐渍土的冻胀力进行对比后,发现硫酸盐渍土具有较大的法向盐胀压力,建议设计分析中需在试验的基础上考虑盐胀的影响.  相似文献   

Host rock dolomitization and secondary porosity development in the Upper Devonian Cairn Formation of the Fairholme carbonate complex (South‐west Alberta,Canadian Rockies): diagenesis and geochemical modelling     

VEERLE VANDEGINSTE  RUDY SWENNEN  MARK H. REED  ROB M. ELLAM  KIRK OSADETZ  FRANÇOIS ROURE 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2044-2060

The Upper Devonian carbonate reefs in West‐central Alberta are important petroleum reservoirs that are well‐known for their extensive secondary porosity. An outcrop analogue study indicates that an early matrix‐selective dolomitization event occurred which is characterized by a major Late Devonian sea water component with increased salinity because of evaporation. It is interpreted that the matrix (replacive) dolomite formed during the Famennian as the result of a combination of both seepage and latent reflux dolomitization, although an additional type or overprinting of later intermediate burial dolomitization cannot be excluded. Formation of the moulds is attributed mainly to the dissolution of undolomitized fossil cores, most typically stromatoporoids. Geochemical modelling indicates that carboxylic acid fluids have the highest potential for dissolving residual calcite in this case. Geochemical models consistent with this analysis and interpretations can reproduce the secondary porosity and suggest a viable dolomitization process for the localities studied.  相似文献