Direct shear tests on Mexico City clay with reference to friction pile behaviour     

E. Ovando-Shelley 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(1):1-16

Summary This paper presents results of static and cyclic direct shear tests performed on undisturbed and remoulded samples of Mexico City clays, including results of soil-on-interface tests. Experiments show that the static adhesion coefficient depends on the soils' liquidity index and that it diminishes due to the effect of repeated dynamic loads. Dynamic overstrength effects were not apparent, as has been observed when testing this clay in other apparatus. Interface strength in remoulded clays is initially less than half the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials but it increases with time. At least in the materials tested in this research, it did not equal the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials. Correction factors derived from experimental data can be used to modify the adhesion coefficient to account for dynamic and remoulding effects.  相似文献   

Trace gas exchange at the air/water interface: Measurements of mass accommodation coefficients     

W. Kirchner  F. Welter  A. Bongartz  J. Kames  S. Schweighoefer  U. Schurath 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(4):427-449

A liquid jet of 90 m diameter and variable length has been utilized to determine absorption rates and, hence, mass accommodation coefficients , of atmospheric trace gases. The compounds investigated are HCl (0.01), HNO₃ (0.01), N₂O₅ (0.005), peroxyacetyl nitrate (>0.001), and HONO (0.005). It is concluded that the absorption of these trace gases by liquid atmospheric water is not significantly retarded by interfacial mass transport. The strengths and limitations of the liquid jet technique for measuring mass accommodation coefficients are explored.  相似文献   

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China     

Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.  相似文献   

Physiography and tectonic setting of the subglacial lake district between Vostok and Belgica subglacial highlands (Antarctica)     

I. E. Tabacco  P. Cianfarra  A. Forieri  F. Salvini  A. Zirizotti 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(3):1029-1040

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Relative importance of the Hercynian and post-Jurassic tectonic phases in the Saharan platform: a palaeomagnetic study of Jurassic sills in the Reggane Basin (Algeria)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B. Smith  M. E. M. Derder  B. Henry  B. Bayou  A. K. Yelles  H. Djellit  M. Amenna  M. Garces  E. Beamud  J. P. Callot  R. Eschard  A. Chambers  T. Aifa  R. Ait Ouali  H. Gandriche 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(1):380-396

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张家口地下热水资源成因探讨     

魏洪章 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(4):38-41

张家口地热资源丰富，通过对区内地热成矿机制，成矿规律的分析认为，以祁吕系为主的多构造体系复合部位控制了本区地下热水的形成与分布，本区地下热水是大气降水经深循环而成，经计算深循环的深度达为2600m，张家口南部地区有很多个热水异常点，是具有远景意义的地热区。  相似文献   

鄱阳盆地构造—沉积特征及其演化史   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

梁兴  叶舟  吴根耀  郑华平  徐克定  张廷山  刘家铎 《地质科学》2006,41(3):404

 鄱阳盆地是发育在江南—九岭和怀玉—官帽基底拆离造山带上的白垩-古近纪张扭性断陷盆地,明显受近南北走向的赣江走滑断裂系和前白垩系逆冲断裂系晚期反转的双重因素控制,呈“两坳夹一隆”的区域构造格局。受赣江、进贤—石门街走滑断裂夹持的南昌凹陷,呈近南北向凹凸相间展布格局。进贤—石门街走滑断裂以东地区,“南断北超”型断陷自南而北由北东走向渐转为北北东向展布,其源于晚印支-燕山期北东向逆冲断裂在晚期的反转作用,西缘和北部受赣江断裂系东枝走滑断裂影响明显而发生转向。鄱阳盆地经历了早白垩世晚期(冷水坞组沉积期)拉分盆地、晚白垩世早-中期(周家店组—南雄组沉积早期)走滑张扭断(坳)陷盆地、晚白垩世晚期(南雄组沉积中-晚期)走滑伸展盆地和古近纪坳陷盆地等演化阶段,东南部断陷区(江埠—二甲村凹陷)由于喜马拉雅期的隆升剥蚀而只残存周家店组早期坳陷和周家店组中期—南雄组中期断陷两个发育阶段的沉积。  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代剥蚀厚度与弹性挠曲模拟   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李勇  ALDENSMORE  周荣军  MA  ELLIS 《地质学报》2005,79(5):608-615

龙门山是青藏高原东缘边界山脉,具有青藏高原地貌、龙门山高山地貌和山前冲积平原三个一级地貌单元。利用数字高程模式图像和裂变径迹年代测定方法研究和计算龙门山晚新生代剥蚀厚度与剥蚀速率,结果表明:3.6 Ma以来龙门山的剥蚀厚度介于1.91-2.16 km之间,剥蚀速率介于0.53-0.60 mm/a之间。在此基础上,开展了该地区岩石圈的弹性挠曲模拟,结果表明龙门山的隆升机制具有以构造缩短隆升和剥蚀卸载隆升相叠合的特点。3.6 Ma之前,龙门山的隆升与逆冲推覆构造负载有关,以构造缩短驱动的构造隆升为特色;3.6 Ma之后,龙门山的隆升与剥蚀卸载驱动的抬升有关,并以剥蚀卸载隆升为特色,进而提出了龙门山晚新生代以来的隆升机制以剥蚀成山作用为主的认识。  相似文献   

交互的初至波反演及静校正     

邹强  周熙襄  钟本善 《物探化探计算技术》2005,27(1):6-9

一种人机交互式的初至波反演方法是在反演过程中加入人为的干预,并利用人的经验控制反演的方向,使结果更加符合实际的地质情况。再将反演的结果与其它的短波长静校正方法相结合,就能够有效地提高静校正的精度。实例证明,这种方法是有效且可行的。  相似文献   

甘肃内蒙古北山地区古生代地壳演化   总被引：56，自引：6，他引：56  

何世平  周会武  任秉琛  姚文光  付力浦 《西北地质》2005,38(3):6-15

甘肃、内蒙古北山地区从寒武纪初期在前震旦纪统一古陆壳的基础上发生裂解，到石炭纪末洋盆最终闭合形成新的统一大陆，先后经历了两期板块构造体制和两次主要的俯冲-碰撞造山作用.其中，第一期板块构造体制出现在早古生代（O2-S3），沿红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井一带裂解形成洋盆，晚奥陶世-志留纪发生由南向北俯冲，志留纪末大洋封闭;第二期板块构造体制出现在晚古生代中期（C），随着早石炭世初期红石山-百合山-蓬勃山有限大洋的发育，分割了哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块，石炭纪末结束了板块构造格局，形成了新的统一大陆，自此以后北山地区进入陆内演化.石炭-二叠纪北山地区南部还出现了陆内裂谷、裂陷槽及断陷盆地等一系列扩张机制。  相似文献