海洋生态模型中参数时空分布的反演研究     

李晓燕  王春晖  吕咸青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(6):1-9

本文将伴随同化方法应用于海洋生态系统动力学模型。将一年平均分为72个过程,通过同化每一个过程研究区域(17°N-~45°N,173°E~142°W)内的SeaWiFS表层叶绿素数据,优化影响生态机制的5个关键参数Vm、Dz、e、Gm、Dp(简称KP),得到他们在研究区域内的时空分布。对于KP中的每一个参数,首先,分别将其在时间和空间上求平均,得到参数的空间分布场(KPS)和时间分布序列(KPT);其次,将KPS在空间上求平均,得到一个常数(KPC),并利用KPS、KPT和KPC表示出KP的另一种时空变化形式KPST,它减少了模拟过程中变量个数。结果表明,无论是空间分布还是时间分布,Vm、Dz和e具有相同的分布特征和变化趋势,相关系数可达0.99,Dp和Gm亦然,;而Vm、Dz和e的变化趋势与Dp和Gm的变化趋势呈负相关,相关系数可达-0.99。5个参数的变化趋势符合物理意义和生态机制。将模型中的参数分别按上述5种形式赋值,正向运行模式1年,结果表明,考虑参数时空分布的实验误差最小。说明在海洋生态系统动力学数值模拟中,与只考虑参数的空间分布或者只考虑参数的时间分布相比,考虑参数时空分布更合理,更具有物理意义且符合生态机制;伴随同化技术在优化时空变化的参数方面,是一种有效的,普遍适用的方法。  相似文献   

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hu Du  Kelin Wang  Wanxia Peng  Fuping Zeng  Tongqing Song  Hao Zhang  Shiyang Lu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(2):163-179

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.  相似文献   

Valuation of lake and marsh wetlands ecosystem services in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yiran Zhang  Demin Zhou  Zhenguo Niu  Fengjiao Xu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(3):269-278

Wetlands are highly productive natural ecosystems, providing valuable goods and services. There is growing interest in transferring ecosystem service value from the existing wetlands studied to other wetlands ecosystems at a large geographic scale. The benefit transfer method uses the known values from wetlands to predict the value of other wetland sites. This methodology requires only limited time and resources. The present study calculated the value of the ecological services provided by lake and marsh wetlands in China in terms of biodiversity indices, water quality indices and economic indices. Basic data on wetlands were obtained through remote sensing images. The results show that: 1) The total ecosystem service value of the lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 was calculated to be 8.1841 × 1010 United States Dollars(USD), with the marsh and lake wetlands contributing 5.6329 × 1010 and 2.5512 × 1010 USD, respectively. Values of marsh ecosystem service were concentrated in Heilongjiang Province(2.5516 × 1010 USD), Qinghai Province(1.2014 × 1010 USD), and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(1.1884 × 1010 USD). The value of the lakes were concentrated in Tibet Autonomous Region(6.223 × 109 USD), Heilongjiang(5.810 × 109 USD), and Qinghai(5.500 × 109 USD). 2) Waste treatment and climate regulation services contributed to 26.29% and 24.74% respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the marsh wetlands. Hydrological regulation and waste treatment contributed to 41.39% and 32.75%, respectively, of the total ecosystem service value of the lake wetlands. 3) The total ecological service value of the lake and marsh wetlands was 54.64% of the total service value of natural grassland ecosystems and 30.34% of the total service value of forests ecosystems in China.  相似文献   

Species distribution modelling to support marine conservation planning: The next steps     

《Marine Policy》2014

Species distribution models (SDMs) offer great potential for inclusion into the toolbox of today's marine environmental manager, especially with regard to marine conservation and planning. The application of SDMs in the marine environment over recent years has been varied but there are still relatively few examples in comparison with terrestrial application, and this is especially true in deep-sea marine ecosystems. This short article builds upon two recent review articles concerning the application of species distribution modelling studies in the marine realm, offering additional practical considerations for discussion. Recommendations for progressing the improved application of SDMs to support marine conservation planning are given, including combining model outputs with other data layers, metadata standards and model error. SDMs have both an urgent and long term contribution to make to marine conservation planning globally, and it is hoped that this article, in combination with developing research on marine SDMs, will contribute to some much needed discussion and inform best practice and new research to enable these models to be of greater use to marine managers.  相似文献   

基于GPS垂向位移测定云南地区陆地水储量及其对累积降雨的响应机制     

肖家豪  张双喜  韦瑜  蔡剑锋  洪敏 《测绘通报》2022,(1):61-65

本文基于中国大陆构造环境监测网（陆态网）GPS台站垂向形变数据,通过主成分分析计算云南省6大流域陆地水负荷形变,并与降雨数据进行相关性分析和交叉小波分析。结果表明,云南省各流域陆地水储量变化相对于降雨在半年和年周期上分别存在1.5~2.25和3~6个月的滞后,不同周期滞后的叠加使陆地水储量与累积降雨量之间存在显著的负相关性,6大流域的降雨累积天数各不相同,均在47~109 d之间。本文由此提出一种云南地区陆地水储量对累积降雨的响应机制。  相似文献   

Remarkable Species Diversity on Adjacent Salt Lakes in South Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter HUDSON 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):73-73

正Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,  相似文献   

Alternative States of Saline Lake Ecosystems and Development of Salinology     

Nickolai SHADRIN 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):434-435

正Modern hydrobiology,mainly,is based on conception,which may be named Conception of unicity of ecosystem stable state(CUESS):Mature ecosystems are stable and in dynamic equilibrium.Ecosystem state fluctuates around  相似文献   

基于生态系统的海洋管理理论与实践   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘慧  苏纪兰 《地球科学进展》2014,29(2):275-284

海洋孕育了丰富的生态系统服务功能,包括为人类提供多种海产食物、净化海洋环境和提供宜人景观及发展空间等。随着工程科技水平的提高,人类对海洋资源和空间的开发利用越来越多、越来越快,对海洋生态系统的影响也越来越大,这一问题在我国尤为突出。近20年来一些发达国家通过推行基于生态系统的海洋管理(MEBM),在海洋生态系统的框架下规范和管理开发活动,特别是在解决区域性海洋管理问题方面取得了一定成效,值得我们借鉴。概述了海洋生态系统及其服务功能,回顾了海洋开发中存在的问题以及MEBM的发展历程,系统阐述了MEBM的原则和措施,剖析了国内外MEBM的成功案例,探讨了在中国实施MEBM的必要性和前提条件。近年来,我国依据海洋功能区划来管理海洋开发已取得一定的成果。建议以此为基础,强化相关生态科学研究及相应技术和法规支撑,从而为我国海洋经济可持续发展提供保障。  相似文献   

滇东南喀斯特山区生态系统服务时空格局及功能分区   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵筱青  石小倩  李驭豪  李益敏  黄佩 《地理学报》2022,77(3):736-756

明晰生态系统服务时空格局,划分生态系统服务功能区,将有助于实现土地资源精细化管理。本文以滇东南喀斯特山区典型区域文山市为例,分析2000—2017年食物供给、产水量、植被净初级生产力、土壤保持、生境质量和旅游文化6项生态系统服务的时空格局及其分异特征;运用K-means聚类法识别生态系统服务簇,划分生态系统服务功能区,并提出差异化生态管控措施。结果表明：① 2000—2017年间,除生境质量服务下降外,文山市其他5项服务均呈上升趋势。② 空间分布上,文山市6项生态系统服务高值区集中分布在西部和南部,低值区集中分布在北部和中部;6项服务的冷热点区域空间分布有差异,但整体上具有重叠性。除旅游文化服务的热点和冷点区分布面积占比分别为2.56%和0以外,其他5项服务的冷热点区面积占比均在21%~32%;能够同时提供3项及以上高值生态系统服务功能的区域较少,85.50%的区域只能同时提供2项及以下高值服务功能。③ 根据服务簇聚类结果,文山市划分为生态保护区、生态过渡区、农业主产区和人类生产生活区4类功能区,针对各分区提出差异化生态管控建议。研究结果可为喀斯特山区城市资源利用和国土空间管控提供参考。  相似文献   

基于小波变换的生态系统服务权衡尺度效应与影响因素研究——以珠江三角洲为例     

张弛  李枝坚  曾辉 《地理研究》2022,41(5):1279-1297

识别生态系统服务间的多尺度权衡关系及其影响因素对于指导管理决策和推进可持续发展至关重要,然而尺度响应特征及差异变化成因尚不明确,其中一个重要原因是缺乏科学合理的尺度划分方法。本文评估了珠三角地区的土壤保持、水源涵养、生境质量、自然游憩共4种关键生态系统服务量,基于小波变换的特征尺度估算方法,确定了研究权衡关系的最佳聚合规模序列。应用相关性分析和地理探测器方法,定量化识别权衡强度在各个尺度的影响因素,并比较了不同尺度间主导影响因素的差异特征。结果表明：① 权衡强度在6条样线上的特征尺度突出,2000~11500 m是研究权衡关系的最佳尺度序列范围。② 自然游憩与水源涵养、生境质量之间存在协同关系,自然游憩与土壤保持互为权衡关系。三对服务组合之间的相互作用大多随着尺度的增大而增强,特别是在县级行政管理规模上,所有配对服务表现出最强的协同或最弱的权衡关系。③ 植被覆盖度对权衡强度的驱动作用突出且相对稳定。地形因素是小尺度范围内权衡关系变化的主导影响因素,而气候因素和景观格局指数在较大尺度的影响作用显著。本研究通过优化传统的多尺度研究序列构建方法,为调控各类驱动因素以制定多级管理决策提供参考。  相似文献