黄土山区煤层群分层开采地表位移规律分析     

沈宇恒 《北京测绘》2020,(4):490-494

为了研究黄土山区地形对煤层群开采地表位移的影响,以榆林某矿为地质原型,利用数值软件模拟地表为近水平、正坡、负坡、凸面和凹面五种地形条件下煤层群开采。结果表明:黄土山区地形的变化,对煤层群开采顶板垂直应力影响不明显,对地表位移影响较大;单向坡开采,斜坡滑移引起的下沉量在坡顶与开采沉陷量形成“叠加”,在坡底形成“抵消”;在组合坡中,煤层群开采地表位移量相差很大,说明在变坡点附近地表位移较为复杂。  相似文献   

西北太平洋柔鱼冬春生群体栖息地的变化研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

余为  陈新军 《海洋学报》2018,40(3):86-94

柔鱼（Ommastrephes bartramii）是短生命周期鱼种，其适宜栖息地范围受海洋水温条件的显著影响。本文根据2006-2015年7-11月中国鱿钓技术组提供的西北太平洋柔鱼冬生群体的捕捞数据以及海表温度（SST）数据，利用捕捞努力量与SST的频率分布关系，估算柔鱼各月适宜温度范围（PFSST），对1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST进行估算，同时分析柔鱼PFSST的年代际变化规律，并评估不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对柔鱼栖息地的影响。研究表明，2006-2015年柔鱼各月适宜的SST具有明显变化，7-11月对应适宜的SST范围分别为16~19℃、17~21℃、15~19℃、14~16℃和12~13℃。单位捕捞努力量渔获量大小随PFSST变动而发生相应变化，两者具有显著正相关关系，这说明了柔鱼渔场范围内适宜温度面积增加，对应柔鱼资源丰度上升。1985-2015年柔鱼PFSST呈现显著的月间和年际变化，7-11月PFSST具有先增加后递减的变化规律，且7-9月PFSST年际波动相似，10和11月PFSST年际变化相似。同时，柔鱼PFSST与渔场内SST具有显著正相关关系。柔鱼渔场内PFSST受厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件调控，其面积随气候事件的强度发生变化，具体表现为:弱拉尼娜事件和正常气候条件下，柔鱼渔场范围内水温最高，适宜栖息面积显著增长；中等强度和高强度拉尼娜条件下，柔鱼渔场内平均水温较高，但适宜栖息面积较前两者显著减小；弱强度、中等强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下，柔鱼渔场内水温均较低，但弱强度和超高强度厄尔尼诺条件下柔鱼适宜栖息面积均大于中等强度厄尔尼诺条件。  相似文献   

东海PN断面透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布特征及来源研究     

舒逸  张桂成  孙军 《海洋学报》2018,40(8):110-119

透明胞外聚合颗粒物（TEP）是凝聚网的重要组成部分甚至核心，在微尺度范围上形成了水环境结构的重要梯度，对于元素地球化学生物循环、碳沉降以及食物网有着举足轻重的作用。本文研究了东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物的分布特征及来源。结果表明:东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物含量介于28~376 μg Xeq./L之间，平均值为（115±67）μg Xeq./L；呈现出明显的夏季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 春季的季节变化特征以及近岸 > 外海和底层 > 表层的分布趋势。通过对比透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布趋势和硅藻、甲藻分布趋势以及统计分析得出，东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物主要来源于硅藻，甲藻贡献不大；而外海TEP的来源可能主要由超微型浮游植物贡献。  相似文献   

Upper Ocean Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal     

Suneet Dwivedi  Atul Srivastava  Alok Kumar Mishra 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(3):230-257

A regional ocean circulation model with four-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is configured to study the ocean state of the Indian Ocean region (65°E–95°E; 5°N–20°N) covering the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB). The state estimation setup uses 10 km horizontal resolution and 5 m vertical resolution in the upper ocean. The in-situ temperature and salinity, satellite-derived observations of sea surface height, and blended (in-situ and satellite-derived) observations of sea surface temperature alongwith their associated uncertainties are used for data assimilation with the regionally configured ocean model. The ocean state estimation is carried out for 61 days (1 June to 31 July 2013). The assimilated fields are closer to observations compared to other global state estimates. The mixed layer depth (MLD) of the region shows deepening during the period of assimilation with AS showing higher MLD compared to the BoB. An empirical forecast equation is derived for the prediction of MLD using the air–sea forcing variables as predictors. The surface and sub-surface (50 m) heat and salt budget tendencies of the region are also investigated. It is found that at the sub-surface, only the advection and diffusion temperature and salt tendencies are important.  相似文献   

Modelling spatial variations in dissolved oxygen in fine‐grained streams under uncertainty          下载免费PDF全文

Vahid Zahraeifard  Zhiqiang Deng  Ronald Malone 《水文研究》2015,29(2):212-224

This paper presents a novel triple‐layer model, called VART DO‐3L, for simulation of spatial variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) in fine‐grained streams, characterized by a fluid mud (fluff or flocculent) layer (an advection‐dominated storage zone) as the interface between overlying stream water and relatively consolidated streambed sediment (a diffusion‐dominated storage zone). A global sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the sensitivity of VART DO‐3L model input parameters. Results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the most sensitive parameter is the relative size of the advection‐dominated storage zones (A_s/A), followed by a lumped reaction term (R) for the flocculent layer, biological reaction rate (μ_o) in diffusive layer and biochemical oxygen demand concentration (L) in water column. In order to address uncertainty in model input parameters, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to sample parameter values and to produce various parameter combinations or cases. The VART DO‐3L model is applied to the Lower Amite River in Louisiana, USA, to simulate vertical and longitudinal variations in DO under the cases. In terms of longitudinal variation, the DO level decreases from 7.9 mg l at the Denham Springs station to about 2.89 mg l^?1 at the Port Vincent station. In terms of vertical variation, the DO level drops rapidly from the overlying water column to the advection‐dominated storage zone and further to the diffusive layer. The DO level (C_F) in the advective layer (flocculent layer) can reach as high as 40% of DO concentration (C) in the water column. The VART DO‐3L model may be applied to similar rivers for simulation of spatial variations in DO level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

北部湾典型海岛生态系统服务价值空间异质性对比研究     

田义超  黄远林  张强  陶进  张亚丽  黄鹄  梁铭忠  周国清 《海洋科学》2019,43(2):60-68

基于北部湾海域典型海岛高分1号数据,借助于CART决策树方法,获取了广西北部湾两个典型海岛的景观格局数据,并采用生态系统服务价值计量模型、空间自相关模型及地统计学中的变异函数模型对其生态系统服务价值进行了空间异质性分析。结果表明:团和岛单位面积生态系统服务价值是七星岛的1.08倍,但其变异系数低于七星岛;七星岛由于其地质背景为泥沙岛,景观格局受到人类活动以及自然环境的强烈干扰,趋向于复杂化和破碎化;而团和岛由于所处的外部环境以及自身的地质特征,景观格局呈现出整体斑块化分布状态;团和岛的景观格局主要受到结构性因素的控制,而七星岛则以随机性因素控制为主,选用变程和Moran’s指数来表征其复杂化和破碎化,来决定其优先开发时序,可对前者进行适当开发,而对后者适当进行生态保护;对受到结构性因素影响的岛屿在进行开发时,时序的识别选用变程和Moran’s指数来表征,若变程和Moran’s指数越小,说明海岛整体的景观分布格局趋向于复杂化和破碎化,反之生态系统较好,可进行优先开发。同时本文构建了北部湾海岛生态系统异质性评估与自然资源管理框架,并提出了海岛管理的建议与对策。  相似文献   

南海东北部陆架边缘第四纪高分辨率层序地层和沉积体系演化及其控制因素     

刘汉尧  林畅松  张忠涛  张博  姜静  田洪训  刘欢 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):86-98

The northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is characterized by the development of large scale foresets complexes since Quaternary. Based on integral analysis of the seismic, well logging and paleontological data, successions since ～3.0 Ma can be defined as one composite sequence, consist of a set of regional transgressive to regressive sequences. They can be further divided into six 3 rd order sequences(SQ0–SQ5) based on the Exxon sequence stratigraphic model. Since ～1.6 Ma, five sets of deltaic systems characterized by development of wedge-shaped foresets complexes or clinoforms had been identified. High-resolution seismic data and the thick foresets allowed further divided of sub-depositional sequences(4 th order) of regression to transgression, which is basically consistent with published stacked benthic foram O-isotope records. Depositional systems identified in the study area include deltaic deposits(inner-shelf deltas and shelf-edge deltas), incised valleys, and slope slumping massive deposits. Since ～1.6 Ma, clinoforms prograded from the southern Panyu Lower Uplift toward the northern Baiyun Depression, shelf slope break migrated seaward, whereas the shelf edge of SQ0 migrated landward. The development of incised valleys in the continental shelf increased upward,especially intensive on the SB3 and SB2. The slumping massive deposits increased abruptly since SB2, which corresponds to the development of incised valleys. The evolution of depositional systems of continental slope mainly controlled by the combined influence of sea level changes, tectonic movements, sediment supply and climate changes. Since ～3.0 Ma, relative sea level of the northern SCS had been experienced transgression(～3.0 Ma BP) to regression(～1.6 Ma BP). The regional regression and maximum transgressions of the composite sequences were apparently enhanced by uplift or subsidence related to tectono-thermal events. In addition,climatic variations including monsoon intensification and the mid-Pleistocene transition may have enhanced sediment supply by increasing erosion rate and have an indispensable influence on the development of the incised valleys and 5 sets of deltaic systems since ～1.6 Ma.  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of late Quaternary moraines and Last Glacial Maximum equilibrium‐line altitude reconstruction from Parlung Zangbo Valley,south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

RENRONG CHEN  SHANGZHE ZHOU  ZHONGPING LAI  XIANJIAO OU  RONG CHEN  YINGBIN DENG 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(6):597-604

  相似文献   

创意再生视域宁波老工业区绅士化动力机制   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

马仁锋  王腾飞  张文忠 《地理学报》2019,74(4):780-796

绅士化成为全球各类城市更新的核心现象,受地理、城市和规划等学科关注。以宁波和丰创意广场形成为例,运用问卷调查和访谈数据,借助扎根理论和结构方程模型分别构建和验证涵盖空间生产、推拉模式和创意集群孕育在内的老工业区绅士化动力机制。研究发现：① 生成和丰创意广场的创意修复过程呈现典型绅士化现象,且该现象具有高端写字楼主导的开放性和多元景观特征,入园企业私营化、生产要素创意化和生产关系外向化的业态特征以及年轻化、情怀化、创意化和服务化的群体特征;② 和丰绅士化现象是老工业区以推拉方式形成的社会空间置换,权力、资本和创意联结而成的再生产关系主导空间实践;建筑规划师和创意阶层主导的物质性空间营造和创意实践形成空间表征;空间表征推动创意集群内生发展和演化,催化了基于文化、理想和情感体验的文化共识和身份认同,升华为表征性空间,形成了“地方元素的感性认可→资本要素和关系力量的理性约束→地方元素、资本要素和关系力量协同→关系力量的反馈”逻辑路径,激活了老工业区空间演化。③ 和丰创意集群育成取决于文化氛围、办公环境、经济区位、政府政策和社会关系网络等要素相互作用。  相似文献   

青岛市生态环境变化遥感监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宇  齐建伟  卢宏钟  王光辉  高欣圆  王界  张涛 《测绘通报》2020,(9):60-65

城市化进程不断加快带来一系列生态环境问题，本文利用植被指数、湿度指数、地表温度、建筑物—裸土指数定量表征绿度、湿度、热度、干度4个生态要素指标，通过主成分分析法，建立遥感生态指数模型，并从时间和空间两个维度对比分析2013、2019年两个时期遥感生态指数。结果表明，青岛市生态环境呈局部优化改进、整体下降趋势；同时，将青岛市遥感生态指数与人类活动相关的地表覆盖变化数据、路网交通数据、夜光数据进行耦合性分析，进一步分析探寻生态环境变化的影响因子。  相似文献