RILL EROSION PROCESS ON STEEP SLOPE LAND OF THE LOESS PLATEAU     

ZHENG Fenli  TANG Keli 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(1)

IntheLoessPlateau,alongtheslopelengthfromthetoptothebottom,soilerosionischaracterizedbyobviousverticalzonaldivision,thatis,sheeterosionzone,sheeterosionandrillerosionzone,rillerosionandshallowgullyerosionzoneandgullyerosionzone.Inthesheetandrillero..sionzone,rillerosionamounttakesup70%ofthetotalsoilloss[TANGKenetal.,1983,ZHENGFenlietal.,19871;intherillandshallowgullyerosionzone,rillerosionamountaccountsfor30--40%ofthetotalsoilloss.Sorillerosionisamajorerosionpatternonsteepslopeland.Riller…  相似文献   

The color of pumice: case study on a trachytic fall deposit, Meidob volcanic field, Sudan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Paulick  G. Franz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,59(3):171-185

 This paper examines the cause of color variations of trachytic pumices which are essentially uniform in chemical composition and proposes a geological model for their formation. A pyroclastic sequence of distinct subunits with brown, buff, and black pumices was deposited during the 5000-B.P. eruption of a tuff ring in the central Meidob volcanic field (Sudan). Subunits of buff pumices locally contain minor amounts of streaky pumice with pale-gray and dark-gray domains. The combined evidence of petrographic studies, chemical analyses of whole pumices and groundmass separates, electron microprobe analyses, optical spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements show that color variations of the pumice clasts are related to the size and distribution of Fe³⁺-rich oxide microcrysts. Buff pumice and light-gray domains of streaky pumice have a colorless, transparent groundmass with very few microcrysts. Dark-gray domains of streaky pumice contain abundant hematite and/or magnetite microcrysts visible in thin section within a transparent, colorless glass groundmass. The groundmass of the black pumice clasts is brown in thin section which is most likely caused by submicroscopic magnetite microcrysts. Brown pumice clasts have a mixed groundmass consisting of brown domains and domains with opaque microcrysts in transparent glass. Variations in the eruption dynamics have been inferred from lithological observations. Subunits of black pumices are related to eruption pulses with low magma discharge and high water/magma mass ratio, whereas subunits of buff pumice were deposited during eruption pulses with high magma discharge and low water/magma mass ratio. Brown pumices represent the top part of the magma body, and the initial stage of the eruption probably had a low magma discharge. Streaky pumices are interpreted as the product of syn-eruptive mixing of Fe³⁺-rich oxide microcryst-bearing magma and microcryst-free magma. Received: 3 February 1997 / Accepted: 28 July 1997  相似文献   

The temporal and spatial characteristics of the surface air temperature variations over the Antarctic and its surrounding area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Longhua Lu  Lingen Bian  Pengqun Jia 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):432-438

The characteristics of the spatial distribution, temporal variations trend and oscillation for the surface air temperature variations during 1957—1993 in the Antarctic and its surrounding area were analyzed. The results show that the short-time climate change in the Antarctic is complex both temporally and spatially. The Antarctic is by no means the strongest responding region to the global greenhouse effect. There is a distinguished difference in the trends of the temperature changes for the Antarctic and global mean, which could not be explained simply by the global greenhouse effect. Project supported by the National Antarctic Key Project of China (85-905).  相似文献   

Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: Plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present   总被引：73，自引：1，他引：73  

Shigenori  Maruyama  Yukio  Isozaki  Gaku  Kimura Masaru  Terabayashi 《Island Arc》1997,6(1):121-142

Abstract A series of paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands, from their birth at ca 750–700 Ma to the present, is newly compiled from the viewpoint of plate tectonics. This series consists of 20 maps that cover all of the major events in the geotectonic evolution of Japan. These include the birth of Japan at the rifted continental margin of the Yangtze craton ( ca 750-700 Ma), the tectonic inversion of the continental margin from passive to active ( ca 500 Ma), the Paleozoic accretionary growth incorporating fragments from seamounts and oceanic plateaux ( ca 480-250 Ma), the collision between Sino-Korea and Yangtze (250–210 Ma), the Mesozoic to Cenozoic accretionary growth (210 Ma-present) including the formation of the Cretaceous paired metamorphic belts (90 Ma), and the Miocene back-arc opening of the Japan Sea that separated Japan as an island arc (25-15 Ma).  相似文献   

三维分块倾斜界面的反演及其应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

赖晓玲  郑需要  张先康 《地震工程学报》1997,19(3):63-68

介绍了利用反射波走时反演介质层速度和包含直立断层的三维界面的计算方法．对各层界面利用多个倾斜或平界面方程来描述．给出了数值计算实例．结果表明，反演解与真模型很接近，说明计算方法是有效的．利用该方法处理了唐山地震区的ＰｍＰ反射波资料，获得了该区域莫霍界面的三维分块形态．唐山附近莫霍界面错断与该区域１９７６年唐山地震及一系列余震的发生有密切的联系．  相似文献   

世纪之交我国震源物理研究的进展与展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈运泰  吴忠良  李世愚 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):164-176

从大陆地震震源的观测研究、震源力学的理论研究和震源物理实验三个方面，评述了90年代以来中国震源物理研究的进展.这些进展包括：大陆地震的震源参数测定；利用数字地震资料进行的“现代”震源参数的反演；地震断裂力学的应用和发展；非线性物理学在震源研究中的应用；岩石破裂实验的发展；地震前兆的物理机制的实验研究等.指出了新技术的发展和现代物理科学的发展对90年代以来震源物理研究的重要影响．展望了跨世纪的我国震源物理研究的发展方向，指出震源物理研究的进展必将在大陆地震预测和减轻地震灾害方面发挥积极的作用．  相似文献   

中国古地磁学研究现状与展望          下载免费PDF全文

刘椿  马醒华  杨振宇 《地球物理学报》1997,40(Z1):231-237

简述了中国古地磁学研究的若干进展，展望未来，应该全方位地发展中国的古地磁学．  相似文献   

从天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化估计近百年来该地区夏季升温   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6  

王宁练  刘时银 《冰川冻土》1997,19(3):207-213

通过冰川波动历史来揭示气候变化是一种重要的方法。然而，以往有关这一方面的研究大都是一些定性的。文章试图依据冰种变化来定量的研究气候变化，并且通过近百年来天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川的变化，揭示出本世纪以来该河源地区夏季气温上升约０．２３￣０．２５℃，同时，对于该冰川不同长度规模时的气候敏感性也进行了讨论。  相似文献   

青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底河流域水文过程特征分析   总被引：16，自引：16，他引：16  

张寅生  太田岳史 《冰川冻土》1997,19(3):214-222

利用１９９３年５￣９月连续时间序列的资料，对青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川区及其流域的水文过程特征进行初步分析。由于青藏高原季风环流的影响，在性质不同气团控制所产生的降水天然过程的降水量差别极大，该区域主要降水集中在６￣８月，Ｔｒｅｔｙａｋｏｖ雨量器对标准雨量器捕捉率的修正量小于天山地区的研究结果，该流域地面蒸发过程较为强盛，各种下垫面的蒸发量占流域水量平衡收入的３７％，土壤蒸发量与水面蒸发和土壤含  相似文献   

黄河上游径流预报的灰色拓扑方法   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  

蓝永超  杨文华 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):308-311

以龙羊峡水库年平均入库流量预报为例，根据灰色系统理论的建模方法，利用龙羊峡水库入库水量代表站唐乃亥水文站的实测径流资料，建立了一个ＧＭ（１，１）拓扑预测模型，用于黄河上游径流的长期预报，并取得了较为满意的结果。  相似文献