Abundance and distribution of meiofauna in the Chukchi Sea     

LIN Rongcheng  HUANG Dingyong  GUO Yuqing  CHANG Yu  CAO Yinkun  WANG Jianjia 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(6):90-94

The metazoan meiofauna in the Chukchi Sea were collected from seven shallow water stations(depths ranging 46 to 52 m) and five deep sea stations(depths ranging between 393 and 2 300 m) during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in 2010. The results showed that abundance of meiofauna was higher in shallow water sediments(average of 2 445 ind./(10 cm2)) than in deep sea sediments(407.06 ind./(10 cm2)). A UNIANOVA test for difference between the two different regions was highly significant(F=101.15, p0.01). Nematodes were numerically dominant, representing(96.6±4.6)% of the total meiofaunal abundance at the shallow water stations and(98.90±1.42)% at deep sea stations. The number of higher taxonomic groups and abundance of meiofauna were higher at Stas CC1, CC4, and R06 near the Bering Strait and the continent, than at the rest of the shallow water and deep sea stations. The primary factors causing the differences were concentrations of nutrients P and Si of bottom seawater(R=0.831, p0.003), followed by depth(R=-0.655, p0.05) and sand fractions of sediments(R=0.632, p 0.05). The numbers of meiofauna on the 65 μm and 32 μm sieves were significantly higher than those on the rest of the screens. Differences in numbers of meiofauna retained on screens with different mesh openings were highly significant among all sampling stations(F=31.60, p0.01). The highest numbers of individuals on screens with 32 μm mesh openings were found at deep sea stations. The number of meiofauna in the top 0–1, 1–2, and 2–4 cm segments constituted 84.4% of the total and was significantly higher than those in the bottom 4–6 and 6–10 cm segments(F=15, p0.01).  相似文献   

A comparative study of representative 2D microstructures in Shaly and Sandy facies of Opalinus Clay (Mont Terri,Switzerland) inferred form BIB-SEM and MIP methods     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

A combination of Broad-Ion-Beam (BIB) polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study qualitatively and quantitatively the microstructure of Opalinus Clay in 2D. High quality 2D cross-sections (ca. 1 mm²), belonging to the Shaly and Sandy facies of Opalinus Clay, were investigated down to the nanometre scale. In addition Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and X-Ray powder Diffraction experiments have been used to extend characterization of the microstructure to the mm–cm scale on bulk volume sample material. Interestingly, both end-member samples of the Opalinus Clay show qualitatively similar mineralogy and pore characteristics as well as a comparable pore size distribution and pore morphology within the different mineral phases and mineral aggregates. Differences between the facies are mainly due to variations in mineral size and mineral amount present in the alternating layers of the different facies. Six different porous mineral phases have been identified and the pores have been subdivided into ten different pore types. Pores visible in the SEM images are most abundant in the clay matrix and these seem to follow a power law distribution with a power law exponent of ca. 2.25 independent of the sample location. Furthermore, all common mineral grains show characteristic porosity, pore shape and pore size distribution in 2D and are proposed to be considered as elementary building blocks for Opalinus Clay. Combined these homogeneous elementary building blocks make up the heterogeneous fabric of the different facies of Opalinus Clay. Based on extrapolation of the power law size distribution in the clay matrix below SEM resolution results in a porosity of 10–25% for clay rich layers (60–90% of clay matrix), whereas sand and carbonate layers show an extrapolated porosity of 6–14%. These extrapolated porosities are in agreement with water-loss and physical porosity measurements performed on bulk material of comparable samples.  相似文献   

Sediment concentrations,flow conditions,and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents,Monterey Canyon,USA     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2014

The capacity of turbidity currents to carry sand and coarser sediment from shallow to deep regions in the submarine environment has attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Yet not only are field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents a rare achievement, but also the data that have been collected consist mostly of velocity records with very limited or no suspended sediment concentration or grain size distribution data. This work focuses on two turbidity currents measured in Monterey Canyon in 2002 with emphasis on suspended sediment from unique samples collected within the body of these currents. It is shown that concentration and grain size of the suspended material, primarily controlled by the source of the gravity flows and their interaction with bed material, play a significant role in shaping the characteristics of the turbidity currents as they travel down the canyon. Before the flows reach their normal or quasi-steady state, which is defined by bed slope, bed roughness, and suspended grain size, they might pass through a preliminary adjustment stage where they are subject to capacity-driven deposition, and release heavy material in excess. Flows composed of fine (silt/clay) sediments tend to be thicker than those with sands. The measured velocity and concentration data confirm that flow patterns differ between the front and body of turbidity currents and that, even after reaching normal state, the flow regime can be radically disrupted by abrupt changes in canyon morphology.  相似文献   

基于表层沉积物粒度特征的鸭绿江口沉积环境分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李富祥  张春鹏  王路  刘敬伟  张亮 《海洋科学》2014,38(5):100-106

为了研究鸭绿江河口地区沉积物的来源和沉积环境,对不同断面43个点位表层沉积物进行了采样分析,通过对沉积物的分类和粒度参数的计算,探讨了沉积物类型和粒度参数的分布特征及其指示意义。研究结果表明,鸭绿江河口地区的表层沉积物类型主要为砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和极少量黏土质粉砂,其中砂的分布范围最广;鸭绿江河口地区表层沉积物来源具有多元性和空间差异性,以河流径流输砂为主体,同时也有浅海表层沉积物的向陆运动,其中鸭绿江下游地区沉积物来源主要为河流输送,中水道、西水道、辽东浅滩的沉积物来源既有河流输送又有浅海表层沉积物的向陆运动;河口不同区域的沉积环境不同,既有河流径流影响又有海洋潮汐和波浪的影响。研究结果可以为鸭绿江河口系统演变提供研究依据。  相似文献   

汉江上游现代大洪水滞流沉积物的粒度分布特征研究     

郭永强  黄春长  庞奖励  尚瑞清  周亚利 《地理科学》2014,(11):1377-1384

对汉江上游现代大洪水高水位滞流沉积物(SWD)系统地采样测试分析,结果表明:汉江上游现代大洪水SWD沉积物性质是沙质粘土或粘土质沙、沙质粉沙或粉沙质沙。其分布特征大致分为两大类:安康段以上基本是以粉沙质沙或沙质粉沙为主,安康段以下基本是沙质粘土或粘土质沙。粒度成分和粒度参数都反映现代洪水SWD经过充分的分选,但是受多种因素影响,其粒径组成具有明显的空间变化。水库或大坝对大洪水SWD的粒度自然分布频率单峰曲线尖窄的形状没有明显的影响,而更多与其沉积的微地貌环境和水动力条件有关。  相似文献   

大型测绘工程标准化——以国家西部测图工程为例     

殷红梅  ;苏山舞  ;于荣花 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(4):13-16

大型测绘工程的标准化工作是保障工程效率和质量的重要工作。本文提出大型测绘工程标准化工作的分步研制、试验验证、重视反馈等一组工作方法,并提出在建立大型测绘工程标准体系时宜较多视点思考,忌太小粒度划分原则。以国家西部测图工程标准化为例,证明上述方法和原则的可行性。  相似文献   

计算机兵棋棋盘中投影变形及坐标转换问题研究     

张欣  游雄  武志强  张寅宝 《测绘科学技术学报》2014,(4)

兵棋是对作战过程进行逻辑推演研究和评估的军事科学工具,其三大组成要素包括棋盘、棋子和规则。棋盘的经典样式就是六角格兵棋棋盘,计算机兵棋中也常采用六角格棋盘描述战场地形环境,而棋盘的投影变形和坐标转换分别是制约兵棋推演可信度和推演效率的重要因素。首先分析了棋盘所用投影方式的变形规律,提出了个体值法和平均值法对变形进行修正;然后针对经纬度坐标和六角格编码的转换,提出了直接转换和间接转换两种方法,分析其基本转换原理,并给出了坐标转换公式;最后通过实验对所述方法进行验证,结果证实平均值法对于修正投影变形具有很好的实用性,且间接坐标转换法具有更高的转换效率。  相似文献   

An Examination of ENSO’s Effect on the Monthly and Seasonal Climate of Hong Kong from a Statistical Perspective   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李细明  郑逸樑 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(1):34-50

This study aims to examine the effect of El Nino and La Nina on the monthly and seasonal climate of Hong Kong against the ENSO-neutral situation from a statistical perspective. Monthly and seasonal temperature and rainfall of Hong Kong and monthly number of tropical cyclones (TCs) coming within 500 km of the city over the 59-yr (1950-2008) period are examined under three ENSO situations, namely El Nino, La Nina, and ENSO-neutral. It is found that, compared with the ENSO-neutral situation, El Nino tends...  相似文献   

气溶胶光学厚度谱特征判断粒子大小方法初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

杨溯  石广玉  王标  杨红龙  赵剑琦  秦世广 《应用气象学报》2011,22(2):152-157

当气溶胶谱满足Junge分布时,Angstrom指数 (α) 可以准确地描述粒子大小,但真实大气气溶胶很少完全满足这一条件,仅用α判断粒子大小会有较大出入。基于北京、香河、兴隆、太湖4个Aeronet观测站21世纪以来各站历时都超过1年的气溶胶光学厚度资料,获得5511组lnτ与lnλ的二次拟合参数a₂,a₁,尝试找到一种结合α,a₂,a₁判断粒子大小的方法。结果表明:当气溶胶为粗粒子时 (V_fine/V_total＜0.2),α均小于0.75,仅用α就可以较好地判断粒子大小,但当气溶胶以细粒子为主时 (V_fine/V_total＞0.7),该方法会有较大出入,此时a₂,a₁可以有效地辅助α判断粒子大小,α＞0.75,a₂＜-0.5或a₂＜-0.5,a₁＜-1.0是较好的判据。此外,分析发现国外研究提出的用a₂-a₁判断粒子大小的方法效果并不理想,尤其在1＜a₂-a₁＜2的情况下,粒子的组成有多种可能。  相似文献   

Rainfall uncertainty for extreme events in NWP downscaling model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michaela Bray  Dawei Han  Yunqing Xuan  Paul Bates  Michael Williams 《水文研究》2011,25(9):1397-1406

Limited area numerical weather predication (NWP) models such as MM5 have become a popular method for generating rainfall estimates for hydrological analysis, particularly for catchments where rainfall data are sparse. Although several studies have been undertaken to investigate the appropriateness of MM5 parameterization schemes for hydrological applications, the size of the nested domains and the distance between them have been overlooked as a source of uncertainty in model precipitation estimates for hydrological purposes. This study examines the uncertainty of model rainfall estimates derived from MM5 by varying the domain size and the distance between the domains. The results from this study show that domain size and buffer zone have a significant impact on model rainfall estimates, which should not be overlooked by hydrologists. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献