New Progress in the Application of Satellite Thermal Infrared Imagery to Earthquake Prediction     

Xu Haomin  Wang Yu  Tang Fangtou  Chen Meihua 《中国地震研究》2002,16(2):178-190

The concept of stochastic resonance(SR) has been introduced into the analysis of satellite thermal infrared images.Six kinds of anomalous phenomena related to crustal movement were recognized in satellite thermal infrared images.Six diagnostic indicators for the prediction of global earthquakes with magnitude≥6.0 and their quantitative evaluation standards have been established.The microscopic behavior of global crustal movement is successfully controlled by using satellite thermal infrared imagery,and the occurrence time and magnitude of over 80% of global strong earthquakes occureed since the foundation of the observation station have been successfully predicted.It is believed that the combination of satellite thermal infrared information with macroscopic anomalous phenomena will play an important role in earthquake hazerd reduction.  相似文献   

A comparison between subaerial and submarine eruptions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: implications for the thermal viability of lateral feeder dikes     

Elisabeth A. Parfitt  Tracy K. P. Gregg  Deborah K. Smith 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,113(1-2)

Eruption styles on the subaerial East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano are reviewed and a classification scheme for the different types of eruption is proposed. The various eruption types are produced by differing thermal and driving pressure behaviour in the feeder dikes. Existing evidence is reviewed and new evidence presented of the types and volumes of eruptions on the Puna Ridge, which is the submarine extension of the ERZ. Eruptions on the Puna Ridge fall into the same five classes as, and are of comparable volume to, those on the subaerial ERZ. Evidence is presented which suggests that feeder dikes for Puna Ridge eruptions are more thermally viable than those feeding subaerial eruptions, and this difference causes long-lived, large-volume eruptions to be more common on the Puna Ridge than on the subaerial ERZ. This systematic variation in thermal viability may be due to increased dike width for Puna Ridge dikes or increased pressure gradients driving magma flow. Lateral dike emplacement is common to many basaltic systems including on other Hawaiian volcanoes, in Iceland and at mid-ocean ridges. The systematic trend inferred for the ERZ of Kilauea implies that in the other systems large-volume eruptions may also be more common at great distances than they are close to the magma centre.  相似文献   

南极地区数百年来气候变化的冰芯记录对比研究     

任贾文  秦大河  效存德  孙俊英  李忠勤  张明军 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):484-491

随着国际横穿南极科学考察计划的实施, 近年来开展了沿中山站-Dome A考察路线的冰芯研究, 获得了伊丽莎白公主地250 a来气候环境变化的高分辨率记录. 通过与Lambert冰川流域西侧有关研究结果的对比, 揭示了该冰川谷地为东南极洲重要气候分界线的特征. 综合南极地区其它地点冰芯记录和冰盖变化研究结果, 发现以小冰期为代表的寒冷期在东南极洲较为明显, 在西南极洲则不明显, 甚或恰好相反, 表现为温暖阶段. 就东南极洲来说, 也存在明显的区域差异: 以Lambert冰川谷地为界, 东部地区, 如Wilkes Land (Law Dome), Victoria Land北部(Hercules Neve)等地, 小冰期冷期比较突出;西部地区, 如Dronning Maud Land和Mizuho高原, 情况不是很明确. Lambert冰川流域是非常特殊的地方, 虽然小冰期冷期也存在, 但1850年前后的显著高温和近100多年来的降温与南极洲其它地方都不一样, 而与南极半岛北侧一冰芯所给出的400 a温度变化记录极为相似, 我们尚不能解释为何如此遥远的两个地点具有很好的一致性而与其它地方则不一致.  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土顶板温度和温度位移预报模型的应用   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

吴青柏  朱元林  刘永智 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):614-617

温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度是活动层研究和冻土环境研究中重要的能量指标. 主要讨论国外普遍采用的温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型的适用性, 并在青藏公路沿线8个冻土地温监测断面中应用模型进行计算. 结果表明温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型能够被用于预报低温多年冻土(年平均地温低于-1.5 ℃), 对于高温多年冻土(年平均地温高于-1.5 ℃)该模型不适用.  相似文献   

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积纪录的“仙女木期”古气候颤动事件   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

胡东生  张华京  李炳元  温景春 《地质学报》2002,76(2):272-278

通过对青藏高原腹地钻孔岩心剖面的最新研究,用层序地层学与年代地层学和气候地层学相结合的方法,分辨出可可西里地区苟弄措湖泊沉积记录(孔深7.25 m)约30 ka BP以来的古气候变化,并在孔深3.32～1.98 m处识别出“仙女本期”的3个气候颤动事件,即:①老仙女术事件(孔深3.32～2.62 m);②中仙女本事件(孔深2.62～2.43 m);③新仙女本事件(孔深2.43～1.98 m)。这3个气候颤动事件都是以冷干时段开始、以冷湿时段结束的,并有越向后期其冷干的时段越长的变化趋势,而其后的冷湿时段却具有等时的变化趋势。岩心沉积物的有机碳、有机氮和磁化率以及化学元素含量的变化,都与仙女本期气候变化具有十分吻合的变化态势。仙女术期气候在湖泊沉积物中的响应,在青藏高原环境演化中还是首次发现,为研究第四纪末次冰期冰消期以来的气候变化提供了新的信息。  相似文献   

长春腰分水岭黄土剖面常量化学元素特征及其气候意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丰江  邓金宪  温泉波  陈广善 《世界地质》2002,21(1):53-56

长春腰分水岭中更新世晚期黄土剖面的野外观察和常量化学元素分析结果表明：各层中常量化学元素的规律性变化不仅能够揭示出剖面沉积时气候干冷－湿暖的多次波动，而且与野外各层的宏观特征具有良好的对应性；该项研究对于恢复中更新世晚期古气候及其变化具有重要意义，也为松辽平原东部第四纪地层的划分与对比提供了重要证据。  相似文献   

Axial magnetic anomalies over slow-spreading ridge segments: insights from numerical 3-D thermal and physical modelling     

Sébastien Gac  Jérôme Dyment  Chantal Tisseau  Jean Goslin 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,154(3):618-632

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Analytical modelling of the formation temperature stabilization during the borehole shut-in period     

S. Fomin  V. Chugunov  T. Hashida 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,155(2):469-478

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Rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism of the Oddanchatram anorthosite, Tamil Nadu, South India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. V. V. Satyanarayana  Baldev R. Arora  A. S. Janardhan 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,155(3):1081-1092

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Étude expérimentale des transformations de phase dans un gradient thermique : application au granite de Soultz-sous-Forêts,France     

Armelle Baldeyrou  Olivier Vidal  Bertrand Fritz 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(4):371-380

The circulation of an injected fluid in the deep granite of the Soultz-sous-Forêts HDR (‘Hot Dry Rock’) site causes important textural and mineralogical modifications. In order to determine the potential crystallization sequences along the fluid pathway, several experiments under thermal gradient were conducted at 600 bar (between 300 and 200 °C). After 40 days, the observed sequences of the newly formed products along the thermal gradient are always as follows, from high to low temperatures: quartz, feldspars, and finally interstratified clays, this implying a significant mobility of aluminium in the solution. To cite this article: A. Baldeyrou et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献