Seasonal dynamics of trophic relationships among co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture dominated ecosystems     

Sébastien Lefebvre  Julio César Marín Leal  Stanislas Dubois  Francis Orvain  Jean-Louis Blin  Marie-Paule Bataillé  Alain Ourry  Robert Galois 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

The temporal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen isotope values of co-occurring suspension-feeders in two shellfish culture areas (Normandy, France) were investigated over two years to evaluate the inter-specific trophic partitioning and relative contributions of organic matter sources to benthic suspension-feeders' diet. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus edulis), cockles (Cerastoderma edule), slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata), and sand-mason worms (Lanice conchilega) were sampled in an estuarine environment (Baie des Veys, east Cotentin, Normandy), while oysters, mussels, slipper limpets, and honeycomb worms (Sabellaria alveolata) were sampled in an open-marine environment (Lingreville-sur-mer, west Cotentin, Normandy). Whatever the sampling period, the bivalves, C. gigas and M. edulis, exhibited the lowest values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N compared with the other species. Feeding relationships among suspension-feeders in both C. gigas culture areas exhibited temporal variations due to the marine/estuarine influence and seasonal changes in food supply. In the open-marine ecosystem, the contribution of phytoplankton remained the most important for all species except S. alveolata, while in the estuarine ecosystem, microphytobenthos and/or macroalgae detritus contributed a larger extent to the organisms' diets. During phytoplankton bloom periods (e.g. May and July) suspension-feeders, except for S. alveolata, relied strongly on phytoplankton; however, the majority of suspension-feeders exhibited different opportunistic behaviour in winter when phytoplankton biomass might be a limiting factor. We hypothesized that differences in particle capture and selection by the suspension-feeders influenced their isotopic values. Feeding ecology of suspension-feeders partly explained why competition was limited and why ecosystems can often support unexpectedly large numbers of suspension-feeders. We also showed that understanding ecosystem characteristics of the organic matter sources is of primary importance to determine the extent to which members of the suspension-feeding guild potentially compete for food.  相似文献   

新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩的特征及其成因     

张祥信  陈必河  董明星 《华东地质学院学报》2009,32(1):16-21

新疆可支塔格蛇绿混杂岩位于青藏高原北缘东昆仑西段,属于木孜塔格-鲸鱼湖大断裂的西延部分。主要由辉橄岩、辉长岩、闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩及硅质岩等组成,形成时代为早石炭世。其中辉橄岩具有高Mg,贫Al,Ca,低硅、低碱的特点,富集相容元素Cr,Ni,Co。稀土总量低,接近于球粒陨石稀土元素总量,以LREE略富集为特征。闪长岩SiO2,K2O含量较低,MsO,CaO,Na2O较高,稀土总量高,∑REE为90．95×10^-6,LREE富集。斜长花岗岩SiO2 69．8％,Na2O〉K2O,K2O／Na2O为0．78,A／CNK为1．68,具有大洋斜长花岗岩的岩石化学特征。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩的微量元素特征相似,表现为大离子亲石元素K,Sr,Rb,Ba相对富集,高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf相对亏损。研究表明,辉橄岩来源于亏损的地幔岩,接近于强烈亏损的方辉橄榄岩,而明显不同于结晶分异作用成因的超镁铁质岩石。闪长岩、斜长花岗岩为蛇绿混杂岩的浅色岩组分,是地幔岩浆结晶分异的产物,但可能受到了围岩的混染和后期热液交代影响。  相似文献   

勉—略混杂岩带构造地质特征与金矿成矿——以陕西省略阳县干河坝金矿床为例     

金文洪  汪志强  高晓宏 《甘肃地质》2011,(3):37-45

勉略带经历俯冲叠置、碰撞造山和陆内造山3个阶段构造演化过程。即俯冲期深层次褶皱与右行顺层（片）剪切变形、碰撞期中—深层次褶皱递进变形和高角度逆冲剪切变形、后主造山期陆内造山期中—浅层次左行走滑变形和低角度逆冲推覆构造4期不同构造变形。其中前两期构造阶段对金矿成矿产生重要影响。通过对陕西省略阳县干河坝金矿研究认为：俯冲期...  相似文献   

Flux‐Free Fusion of Silicate Rock Preceding Acid Digestion for ICP‐MS Bulk Analysis     

Kenji Shimizu  Qing Chang  Kentaro Nakamura 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(1):45-55

We present a new method for the decomposition of silicate rocks by flux‐free fusion in preparation for whole‐rock trace element determination (Sc, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, rare earth elements and Hf) that is especially applicable to zircon‐bearing felsic rocks. The method was verified by analyses of RMs of mafic (JB‐1a, JB‐2, JGb‐1) and felsic rocks (JG‐3, JR‐3, JSd‐1, GSP‐2, G‐2). Pellets of powdered sample (up to 500 mg) without flux were weighed and placed in a clean platinum crucible. The samples were then fused in a Siliconit® tube furnace and quenched to room temperature. The optimum condition for the fusion of granitic rock was determined to be heating for 2–3 min at 1600 °C. The fused glass in the platinum crucible after heating was decomposed using HF and HClO₄ in a Teflon® beaker. Decomposed and diluted sample solutions were analysed using a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. Replicate analyses (n = 4 or 5) of the RMs revealed that analytical uncertainties were generally < 3% for all elements except Zr and Hf (～ 6%) in JG‐3. These higher uncertainties may be attributed to sample heterogeneity. Our analytical results for the RMs agreed well with recommended concentrations and recently published concentrations, indicating complete decomposition of our rock samples during fusion.  相似文献   

Proposal for an International Molybdenum Isotope Measurement Standard and Data Representation     

Thomas F. Nägler  Ariel D. Anbar  Corey Archer  Tatiana Goldberg  Gwyneth W. Gordon  Nicolas D. Greber  Christopher Siebert  Yoshiki Sohrin  Derek Vance 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(2):149-151

Molybdenum isotopes are increasingly widely applied in Earth Sciences. They are primarily used to investigate the oxygenation of Earth's ocean and atmosphere. However, more and more fields of application are being developed, such as magmatic and hydrothermal processes, planetary sciences or the tracking of environmental pollution. Here, we present a proposal for a unifying presentation of Mo isotope ratios in the studies of mass‐dependent isotope fractionation. We suggest that the δ^98/95Mo of the NIST SRM 3134 be defined as +0.25‰. The rationale is that the vast majority of published data are presented relative to reference materials that are similar, but not identical, and that are all slightly lighter than NIST SRM 3134. Our proposed data presentation allows a direct first‐order comparison of almost all old data with future work while referring to an international measurement standard. In particular, canonical δ^98/95Mo values such as +2.3‰ for seawater and ?0.7‰ for marine Fe–Mn precipitates can be kept for discussion. As recent publications show that the ocean molybdenum isotope signature is homogeneous, the IAPSO ocean water standard or any other open ocean water sample is suggested as a secondary measurement standard, with a defined δ^98/95Mo value of +2.34 ± 0.10‰ (2s).  相似文献   

Reassessment of Hydrofluoric Acid Desilicification in the Carius Tube Digestion Technique for Re–Os Isotopic Determination in Geological Samples          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Li  Pei‐Pei Zhao  Jingao Liu  Xuan‐Ce Wang  Alexandra Yang Yang  Gui‐Qing Wang  Ji‐Feng Xu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(1):17-30

In this study, Re and Os isotopes were systematically determined in six geological reference materials (RMs; covering a wide range of lithologies) using the Carius tube (CT) digestion technique with and without hydrofluoric acid desilicification. Our results show that the HF desilicification increased the Re extraction efficiency (by 9–15%) evidenced from basaltic and andesitic rocks (e.g., BHVO‐2, TDB‐1 and AGV‐2). This implies that a small proportion of Re resides in silicate phases. For mafic–ultramafic rocks (e.g., BCR‐2, WGB‐1 and WPR‐1), Re extraction efficiencies obtained by the CT digestion with and without HF desilicification were similar. This may indicate that Re in these rocks may dominantly reside in some phases (e.g., magnetite and sulfides) that could be completely dissolved in aqua regia solutions without the aid of HF desilicification. Our results also show that the HF desilicification increased Os extraction efficiency (by 13–99%) in some RMs (e.g., BHVO‐2, WGB‐1 and AGV‐2). This observation suggests that a portion of Os‐rich trace phases may occur as inclusions in the silicate phases that act as isolators at ~ 200 mesh sizes. This study demonstrates that the HF desilicification step prior to CT digestion is important for complete extraction of Re and Os in geological samples.  相似文献   

Speciation Study of Cr in a Geochemical Reference Material Sediment Series Using Sequential Extraction and XANES Spectroscopy          下载免费PDF全文

Atsuyuki Ohta 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(1):87-103

Speciation of Cr in geochemical reference materials was characterised by sequential extraction and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to identify Cr(III) resulting from the reduction of pollutant Cr(VI). Sequential extraction suggested that the amount of Cr associated with an acetic acid soluble fraction was low; Cr associated with a reducible phase and an oxidisable phase was extracted at 5–10% of the total Cr concentration, and the residual phase was found to be the dominant Cr‐containing fraction. Cr speciation in soil artificially doped with Cr(VI) and sediment samples collected from highly populated and industrialised areas was different from that in naturally occurring materials. Substantial Cr was extracted as a reducible phase (15–30%) and an oxidisable phase (30–60%) for these samples. Through subsequent XANES spectroscopy analysis, the reducible phase was explained by Cr bound to Fe hydroxide, while the oxidisable phase was a mixture of Cr bound to humic substances and Cr hydroxides. That is, Cr(VI) present as a contaminant in sediments and soils was reduced to Cr(III), which then bound to Fe hydroxide and humic substances, precipitating as a hydroxide. Thus, a combination of sequential extraction and XANES spectroscopy allows for effective identification and quantification of the chemical forms of Cr in sediments and soils.  相似文献   

Diary of fourthcoming events     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):654-658

Résumé

Le bassin versant du lac Ba Bê est complexe d'un point de vue physiographique. Les données y sont restreintes et le comportement hydrologique en est méconnu. L'objectif général de cet article est de caractériser le bilan hydrique de ce bassin versant à l'aide de la méthode de Thornthwaite &; Mather. Toute l'information nécessaire à cette modélisation est extraite de données climatologiques et de données physiographiques issues de la télédétection. Le calage, réalisé sur une année hydrologique, est caractérisé par un coefficient de Nash-Sutcliffe de 0.88. Les résultats indiquent que l'écoulement entrant annuellement dans le lac Ba Bê est de près de 800 mm, dont 82% se produisent durant la période estivale. Les écoulements mensuels sont sous-estimés durant la période hivernale et surestimés au cours de la saison estivale, tandis que les écoulements annuels sont simulés plus fidèlement. L'analyse de sensibilité a montré que ce modèle de bilan hydrique à deux paramètres demeure moins sensible au contenu maximal en eau (AWC) qu'à la fraction d'eau retenue dans le sol (λ) venant du surplus d'eau du mois précédent et prenant part au stockage souterrain.  相似文献   

Changes in concentration–discharge regression parameters due to coal mining and reclamation activities / Changements dans les paramètres de régression entre concentration et débit,causés par l’exploitation minière de charbon et des activités de reconversion     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1)

Abstract

Abstract Assessment of the impacts of mining and reclamation, and design of management practices to reduce chemical loads in stream channels, require knowledge of changing hydrological conditions and of changing sources and rates of release of chemicals into stream waters. One simple method for evaluating these impacts is to combine flow duration curves with regression relations between surface-water chemical concentrations (C) and instantaneous discharge (Q). However, little is known regarding the drainage basin-scale effects of mining and reclaiming drainage basins on regression relations. These effects were assessed on three small experimental drainage basins in Ohio subjected to surface mining for coal. Comparisons were made between regression parameter changes for natural/undisturbed conditions, land disturbances caused by mining and reclamation, incomplete reclamation, and the final condition of the reclaimed drainage basins. Regression analysis used a total of 5047 laboratory analyses of 36 constituents. Of 429 regressions, 153 (36%) were statistically significant. Knowledge of changes in regression parameters is important because regressions supply information on the rate of release and supply of chemical constituents in mined and reclaimed drainage basins. Duration curves of concentration and loads can be constructed using these regressions with flow–duration curves to give estimates of the percentage of time that concentrations and loads are exceeded during different phases of disturbance. This study assessed the changes in regression relations due to mining coal seams and reclamation activities for 36 chemical constituents, two mining methods, three reclamation practices and three distinct geologic settings.  相似文献   

Investigation of the rainfall variability in central Tunisia / Investigations sur la variabilité pluviométrique en Tunisie centrale     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3)

Abstract

The decrease in runoff of the Merguellil basin, Tunisia recorded during the decade 1989–1998 led to the study of several time series derived from daily rainfall. It was found that variability characteristics related to daily rainfall greater than 30 mm are significantly different among successive time periods. In addition, the probability distributions of these rains, recorded at different raingauge sites, are significantly different between the period 1976–1989 and the prior and posterior observation periods. Furthermore, the surface covered by daily rains greater than 30 mm decreased between 1976 and 1989. It was also noted that the probability distributions of the surfaces covered changed significantly after 1976. The combination of human action and pluviometric variability (rainfall increase in the period 1989–1998, notably the increase in the number of days of rainfall greater than 30 mm) may explain the decrease in runoff of Merguellil Wadi.  相似文献