宁夏固原古近系寺口子组砂岩成因探讨^*          下载免费PDF全文

杨帆  李孝泽 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):445-456

宁夏固原寺口子组砂岩是中国古近纪内陆古环境研究的重要载体。通过岩性、沉积构造、石英颗粒表面微结构和粒度分布特征研究,对其成因进行了深入探讨。结果表明,古近系寺口子组砂岩由3个成因段构成:段Ⅰ为河流相沉积;段Ⅱ,即砂岩主体,为典型风成砂岩,沉积环境为风成沙丘和丘间地;段Ⅲ,初步推断其为湖相沉积。结合中国古近纪气候背景、研究区域地形条件及古风向,推断寺口子组砂岩主体风成沉积为行星风系控制下的沙漠沉积。  相似文献   

超深层裂缝性致密砂岩储层砂体、裂缝发育特征及对产能的影响:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷KS2气田为例     

付小涛  王益民  邵剑波  朱松柏  王勇  聂延波  王斌  段琪琪 《现代地质》2021,35(2):326-337

库车坳陷KS2气田目的 层构造裂缝普遍发育,而位于不同构造位置的裂缝发育特征有所差异,其与储层砂体的发育特征共同控制了该区单井产能的高低.综合利用岩心、薄片、扫面电镜、测井以及电成像测井解释资料,对库车坳陷KS2气田目的 层巴什基奇克组的储层岩石学特征、砂体组合特征以及裂缝的性质、开度、填充性等特征进行了分析,并对砂体...  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7段沉积微相及沉积演化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张晓辉  冯顺彦  梁晓伟  冯胜斌  毛振华  任继胜  陈韶华 《地质学报》2020,94(3):957-967

利用大量的岩芯、露头剖面观察和测井资料,在总结分析重力流沉积理论的基础上,系统研究了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7段重力流沉积特征及沉积模式。研究认为陇东长7段主要发育砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积,局部发育滑动、滑塌岩;受多物源、湖盆底形、湖岸线迁移等因素的影响,研究区沉积砂体并未呈现出明显的扇形,受西南陡窄斜坡控制的泾川—华池一带砂体呈条带状分布,发育水道型重力流沉积,沉积微相可分为限制型水道、非限制型水道、侧翼溢漫、水道间、前缘朵体和深湖泥6种,在湖盆底庆城—华池一带多期水道交汇叠置,形成了大面积的连片砂体;受南部物源控制的宁县—合水地区,由于斜坡坡度相对较缓、物源供给充足,形成了以滑塌为主的斜坡沉积模式,根据滑动的距离可分为近源沉积和远源沉积2个亚相,沉积微相可分不规则滑塌体、砂质碎屑流舌状体、朵叶状浊流岩和深湖泥4种,研究区南部主要以砂质碎屑流舌状体为主,在斜坡处多期舌状体纵横叠置,形成了多期薄、厚砂体互层的连片砂体。通过对陇东长7段沉积模式的建立和沉积微相的识别与划分,为研究区砂体展布的精细刻画提供了重要指导,也为该区致密油水平井规模建产提供了依据。  相似文献   

藏北革吉北部竟柱山组地球化学与碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学特征及构造意义     

李宝龙  范海滨  朱德全  彭勃  郭平  周磊  李宇飞 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3657-3673

沿班公湖- 怒江缝合带近东西向不连续分布的上白垩统竟柱山组（K 2j）,是洋- 陆转换后的陆相沉积。因其东西向空间跨度较大,其准确的形成时限和砂岩源区的构造环境存在争议。本文采集西藏革吉县北部竟柱山组粗砂岩,对其碎屑锆石进行LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年和主微量元素分析。样品碎屑锆石U- Pb谐和年龄值范围集中于100~130Ma和150~170Ma;在碎屑锆石年龄频谱图上,主要出现111. 7Ma和160. 1Ma两个峰值。最新的碎屑锆石年龄加权平均值为105. 3Ma,表明竟柱山组应在早白垩世末期之后沉积。SiO 2含量为52. 92%~69. 47%,Al 2O 3含量为5. 22%~14. 34%。高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti亏损,Hf、Th及REE富集;大离子亲石元素Ba亏损,Rb、K富集。主微量元素特征及判别图解表明,研究区竟柱山组砂岩源区构造背景为大陆岛弧环境,物源为中酸性火成岩。  相似文献   

一种两步自适应抗差Kalman滤波在GPS/INS组合导航中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴富梅  杨元喜 《测绘学报》2010,39(5):522-527

当GPS观测可用时,如何提高组合导航的可靠性、连续性以及导航精度是组合导航重要的研究主题。针对伪距、伪距率紧组合导航精度低、姿态角误差修正不精确的缺点,本文从参数可观测性角度提出一种两步自适应Kalman滤波算法。首先简单介绍了紧组合Kalman滤波的过程,然后给出了两步自适应抗差滤波的公式和具体步骤,并且进行了分析和比较。最后用实测算例对提出的算法进行验证。结果表明,相比较于伪距、伪距率紧组合Kalman滤波,两步自适应抗差滤波能够控制动态扰动异常和观测异常的影响;导航精度不会随着组合周期的增长、INS惯性元件误差的增大而降低;在惯性元件误差较大的情形下也能够很好地估计元件误差,提高姿态角精度。  相似文献   

利用部分状态不符值构造的自适应因子在GPS/INS紧组合导航中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴富梅  杨元喜  崔先强 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2010,(2)

提出了一种通过部分状态不符值来构造自适应因子的方法。实测算例结果表明,当观测无异常时,由预测残差构造的自适应因子和由部分状态不符值构造的自适应因子都能够较好地抑制动态模型误差的影响,相比于标准Kalman滤波精度都有所提高,并且这两种自适应滤波的精度相当;但是当观测存在异常时,由预测残差构造的自适应因子不能分辨模型误差和观测误差,而由部分状态不符值构造的自适应因子能够抵制观测异常的影响,因此,滤波结果优于由预测残差构造的自适应因子的滤波结果。  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Pore Structure on Resistivity,Formation Factor and Cementation Index in Tight Sandstone     

WU Feng  WEN Zhu  YAO Cong  WANG Xianhu  XI Yanping  CONG Linlin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):290-304

Tight sandstone,with severe diagenesis and complex pore structure,differs greatly from conventional sandstone in terms of rock electrical parameters.In subsurface rock electrical experiments,various electrical parameters are confounded and can only be analyzed qualitatively.The lack of quantitative analysis for each individual electrical parameter presents a challenge for the evaluation of oil and gas saturation in tight sandstone.Based on the 2D pore-throat model and the features of pore structure in the tight sandstone of the Penglaizhen and Shaximiao Formations in the upper and middle Jurassic of the Western Sichuan Depression,this paper presents 3D micro pore-throat models for three types of tight sandstone.It proposes a finite element-based rock electrical simulation method to analyze the influence of pore structure parameters,such as throat radius and throat tortuosity,on electrical parameters such as resistivity,formation factor,and cementation index quantitatively.The research revealed the following results:(1)Throats of tight sandstone usually have lamellar or curved lamellar shapes that are slender and narrow.The lamellar throat used in the proposed porethroat model is more consistent with the features of tight sandstone than the tubular throat used in the original model.(2)The throat determines the conductivity of tight sandstone.The throat parallel to the electric potential has the greatest influence on conductivity,and the throat perpendicular to the potential has the least influence.(3)In tight sandstone grades I to III,as the porosity decreases,the formation factor increases and the cementation index decreases.(4)The results of the rock electrical simulation are consistent with the results of the rock electrical experiment,which indicates that the proposed rock electrical simulation method of tight sandstone is effective and accurate.  相似文献   

Tight Carbonate Microstructure and its Controls: A Case Study of Lower Jurassic Da'anzhai Member,Central Sichuan Basin     

LI Bo  WANG Xingzhi  LIU Hongqi  WANG Yongjun  TIAN Jie  HUO Fei  GAO Zhaolong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):305-321

Cast thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) were used to examine the microstructure of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Jurassic Da’anzhai Member, the central Sichuan Basin. The pore space in the Da’anzhai Member is classified into 2 types and 17 subtypes, with nano-scale pore throats of ‘O’, ‘S’, ‘Z’, and ‘I’ shapes. Poorly sorted pore throats vary greatly in diameter;thus, it is difficult for fluid flow to pass through these pore throats. There are three classes of pore throats in carbonate reservoirs, i.e. isolated pores, pores coexisting with fractures, and large pores and fractures. Isolated pores may provide some pore space, but the permeability is low. Pores and fractures coexisting in the reservoir may have a great impact on porosity and permeability;they are the major pore space in the reservoir. Large pores and fractures have a great impact on reservoir properties, but they only account for a limited proportion of total pore space. The microstructure of Da’anzhai reservoirs, which dominates fluid mobility, is dependent on sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and tectonic process. Pore structure is related to sedimentary environment. The occurrence of microfractures, which may improve reservoir properties, is dependent on tectonic process. Diageneses are of utmost importance to pore evolution, cementation and growth of minerals have played an important role in destroying reservoir microstructure.  相似文献   

致密砂岩气藏大型压裂工艺技术研究与应用——以新场沙溪庙组气藏为例     

黄小军  杨永华  魏宁 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(3):68-72,77

新场沙溪庙组气藏是国内典型的低渗致密砂岩气藏,储层具有＂纵向厚度大、平面展布广、盖层遮蔽性能好、盖层与产层应力差值明显＂等适合于大型加砂压裂改造的地质基础和条件。气藏前期采用中小规模压裂时,单井压后表现出了＂产量递减快、稳产效果差＂等不利于气藏提高采气速度和整体采收率的状况。大型压裂是增加人工裂缝半长,延长气井采气寿命,提高开采效益的重要手段。通过对制约和影响大型加砂压裂改造效果的系列关键工艺技术的攻关研究,研发出了低伤害压裂液体系,提出了压裂液强化破胶和高效返排工艺,并对大型压裂施工参数进行优化设计,最终形成了以＂大砂量、大排量、中—高砂浓度、强化破胶＂为特色,以造长缝为核心的大型压裂关键工艺技术方法,并成功完成了最大加砂规模200.5 m^3的超大型水力加砂压裂现场试验。现场应用实践表明,大型压裂具有＂稳产效果好、勘探评价效益优＂的特点。  相似文献   

Diagenetic history of tight sandstones and gas entrapment in the Yulin Gas Field in the central area of the Ordos Basin,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Liuping Zhang  Guoping Bai  Xiaorong Luo  Xinhua Ma  Mengjin Chen  Minghui Wu  Wenxiu Yang 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

The Ordos Basin is a large cratonic basin with an area of 250,000 km² in central China. Upper Paleozoic coals and shales serve as gas source rocks with peak generation and migration at the end of the early Cretaceous. Recent exploration has verified the huge gas potential in the “basin-centered gas accumulation system” (BCGAS). However, the mechanism for the gas accumulation is controversial. With an integrated approach of thin-section petrography, ultra-violet fluorescence microscopy, fluid inclusion microthermometry, Raman microspectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry, we identified diagenetic trapping and evaluated the diagenetic history of sandstone reservoirs in the Yulin Gas Field in the central area, where structural, stratigraphic and/or sedimentary lithologic traps have not been found. It was revealed that three phases of diagenesis and hydrocarbon charging occurred, respectively, in the late Triassic, late Jurassic and at the end of the early Cretaceous. In the first two phases, acidic water entered the reservoir and caused dissolution and cementation, resulting in porosity increase. However, further subsidence and diagenesis, including compaction and cementation, markedly reduced the pore space. At the end of the early Cretaceous, the bulk of the gas migrated into the tight reservoirs, and the BCGAS trap was formed. In the updip portion of this system, cementation continued to occur due to low gas saturation and has provided effective seals to retain gas for a longer period of time than water block in the BCGAS. The mechanism for the gas entrapment was changed from water block by capillary pressure in the BCGAS to diagenetic sealing. The diagenetic seals in the updip portion of the sand body were formed after gas charging, which indicates that there is a large hydrocarbon exploration potential at the basin-centered area.  相似文献