Multiple time-scale modelling of the circulation in Torres Strait—Australia     

Frederic Saint-Cast 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Ocean circulation influences nearly all aspects of the marine ecosystem. This study describes the water circulation patterns on time scales from hours to years across Torres Strait and adjacent gulfs and seas, including the north of the Great Barrier Reef. The tridimensional circulation model incorporated realistic atmospheric and oceanographic forcing, including winds, waves, tides, and large-scale regional circulation taken from global model outputs. Simulations covered a hindcast period of 8 years (i.e. 01/03/1997–31/12/2004), allowing the tidal, seasonal, and interannual flow characteristics to be investigated. Results indicated that the most energetic current patterns in Torres Strait were strongly dominated by the barotropic tide and its spring-neap cycle. However, longer-term flow through the strait was mainly controlled by prevailing winds. A dominant westward drift developed in summer over the southeasterly trade winds season, which then weakened and reversed in winter over the northwesterly monsoon winds season. The seasonal flow through Torres Strait was strongly connected to the circulation in the north of the Great Barrier Reef, but showed little connectivity with the coastal circulation in the Gulf of Papua. Interannual variability in Torres Strait was highest during the monsoon period, reflecting variability in wind forcing including the timing of the monsoon. The characteristics of the circulation were also discussed in relation to fine sediment transport. Turbidity level in Torres Strait is expected to peak at the end of the monsoon, while it is likely to be at a low at the end of the trade season, eventually leading to a critically low bottom light level which constitutes a severe risk of seagrass dieback.  相似文献   

150kaBP以来巴丹吉林沙漠东南区域地层序列的新研究   总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1  

李保生  高全洲  阎满存  李云卓  董光荣  温小浩 《中国沙漠》2005,25(4):457-465

巴丹吉林沙漠东南部边缘查格勒布鲁剖面中更新统/上更新统下部、上更新统下部/上更新统上部和上更新统上部/全新统的地质界线依次发生在59AGS/60L、39FD/40G和9L/10FD之沉积界面上。其时限依次大致为150kaBP、75kaBP和10kaBP,该剖面记录了150kaBP以来25个旋回的沙漠与湖相等沉积交替变更的历史过程。通过该剖面粒度和SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、FeO在地层中的分布特征、软体动物化石指示的古生态等综合研究表明,所述这些沉积旋回是自那时以来,在北半球冰期间冰期气候波动影响下,冬夏古季风往复更迭所导致的非季风沙区沙漠期与间沙漠期多次正逆交替演变的结果。  相似文献   

On the Characteristics of Heavy Multiple-Day Snowfalls in the Eastern Alps     

Gerald Spreitzhofer 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):35-53

Based on the daily fresh-snowrecordings of a set of 81 stations of the AustrianHydrographic Service, covering a 19-year period,various aspects of extraordinarily long-lasting severesnowfalls are investigated. Starting from an exactdefinition of periods of Heavy Snowfall Events (HSE),some of the discussed items include the annual andseasonal frequencies of intense snowfall episodes, thelocation and migration paths of the storm centers andthe volume of snow dropped by the individual storms.Another part of the study, designed to visualize thebig variability of snow-related parameters over Alpineterrain, determines for all involved sites maximalobserved and theoretical extreme fresh-snowaccumulations for periods of variable length. Heavythree-day snowfall events are analyzed with specialregard of the resulting avalanche threat.  相似文献   

安徽省古代矿业史略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王文杰  叶俊英 《安徽地质》2000,(1)

安徽古代矿业历史悠久,原始社会时期旧石器时代有繁昌县人类活动遗迹及和县猿人,新石器 时代肥东出土石斧及蒙城尉迟寺遗址;奴隶社会青铜器时期,合肥市出土商代陶器,铜陵市狮子山铜矿木 鱼山采铜遗址上溯到西周,凤凰山铜矿金井洞采铜场遗址始于春秋;封建社会进入铁器时代,战国银、金、 大理石开发利用,西汉丹阳铜闻名全国,并有金、石膏矿的开采,两汉时皆采冶铜陵铜矿及大别山砂铁矿, 东汉至南北朝矿业缓慢发展,隋、唐矿业繁荣,宋、元继续发展,明、清已出现资本主义矿业的萌芽。  相似文献   

Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range,California, USA: Geologic controls on the geochemical kinetics,flowpaths, and mean residence times of springs     

Carolyn L. Gleason  Marty D. Frisbee  Laura K. Rademacher  Donald W. Sada  Zachary P. Meyers  Jeffrey R. Knott  Brian P. Hedlund 《水文研究》2020,34(13):2923-2948

Over 180 springs emerge in the Panamint Range near Death Valley National Park, CA, yet, these springs have received very little hydrogeological attention despite their cultural, historical, and ecological importance. Here, we address the following questions: (1) which rock units support groundwater flow to springs in the Panamint Range, (2) what are the geochemical kinetics of these aquifers, and (3) and what are the residence times of these springs? All springs are at least partly supported by recharge in and flow through dolomitic units, namely, the Noonday Dolomite, Kingston Peak Formation, and Johnnie Formation. Thus, the geochemical composition of springs can largely be explained by dedolomitization: the dissolution of dolomite and gypsum with concurrent precipitation of calcite. However, interactions with hydrothermal deposits have likely influenced the geochemical composition of Thorndike Spring, Uppermost Spring, Hanaupah Canyon springs, and Trail Canyon springs. Faults are important controls on spring emergence. Seventeen of twenty-one sampled springs emerge at faults (13 emerge at low-angle detachment faults). On the eastern side of the Panamint Range, springs emerge where low-angle faults intersect nearly vertical Late Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician sedimentary units. These geologic units are not present on the western side of the Panamint Range. Instead, springs on the west side emerge where low-angle faults intersect Cenozoic breccias and fanglomerates. Mean residence times of springs range from 33 (±30) to 1,829 (±613) years. A total of 11 springs have relatively short mean residence times less than 500 years, whereas seven springs have mean residence times greater than 1,000 years. We infer that the Panamint Range springs are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on local recharge, disconnection from regional groundwater flow (Death Valley Regional Flow System - DVRFS), and relatively short mean residence times as compared with springs that are supported by the DVRFS (e.g., springs in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge). In fact, four springs were not flowing during this campaign, yet they were flowing in the 1990s and 2000s.  相似文献   

CERES-玉米模拟模式的数值试验及应用     

陈怀亮  冯定原  毛留喜  张雪芬  付祥健 《大气科学学报》1997,20(4):522-528

利用美国的CERES玉米模拟模式对河南省伊川县1992、1993年共6期玉米分期播种资料进行了模拟,对生育期和籽粒产量的模拟效果较好。经对播种密度、播种日期、播种深度与籽粒产量关系的数值试验,提出高产密度标准为8.25(高肥水田块可达9.75)株·m^-2,最佳播期为5月31日～6月5日和最适播种深度为6cm左右。经对河南省南阳市大田玉米生长发育的模拟验证,平均相对误差率为5.6%,并可用理论计算的逐日太阳辐射代替实测太阳辐射进行生长模拟。所以CERES玉米模拟模式作某些参数调整后可应用于业务工作  相似文献   

金川含铂硫化铜镍矿床成矿模式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汤中立 《甘肃地质》1991,(2):104-124

金川矿床产出于过渡区,位于中朝地块西南部阿拉善边缘隆起上,含矿岩体是多期上侵贯入形成的,时代为1508±31Ma。 导源于地幔深部富硫的铁质超基性岩浆,沿超壳深断裂上侵到达地壳岩浆房。注入岩浆房的岩浆发生熔离作用和岩浆分异作用,按重力效应在岩浆房中自下而上先后形成了矿浆、富矿岩浆、含矿岩浆和岩浆分层格局。随着温度下降,在构造应力脉动式驱动下,岩浆房中自上而下按岩浆、含矿岩浆、富矿岩浆和矿浆的顺序,先后分别沿相同通道上侵、贯入于现存空间成岩成矿、每次上侵、贯入的浆体都沿着前次浆体的下侧部和根部定位。 整个成矿过程由岩浆房中的深部熔离、岩浆分异和重力分层作用→第一期次岩浆上侵→第二期次含矿岩浆上侵→第三期次富矿岩浆贯入→晚期矿浆贯入→接触交代成矿→热液叠加成矿,构成一个完整的硫化铜、镍矿床的成矿模式和时空分布系列。  相似文献   

On the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic instability times     

Alessandro Morbidelli  Claude Froeschlé 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1995,63(2):227-239

On the basis of the general theory of Hamiltonian systems, we consider the relationship between Lyapunov times and macroscopic diffusion times. We find out that there are two regimes: the Nekhoroshev regime and the resonant overlapping regime. In the first case the diffusion time is exponentially long with respect to Lyapunov times. In the second case, the relationship is polynomial although we do not find any theoretical reason for the existence of a universal power law. We show numerical evidences which confirm our theoretical considerations.  相似文献   

Multicriteria assessment of water dynamics reveals subcatchment variability in a seemingly homogeneous tropical cloud forest catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Edison Timbe  Jan Feyen  Luis Timbe  Patricio Crespo  Rolando Célleri  David Windhorst  Hans‐Georg Frede  Lutz Breuer 《水文研究》2017,31(7):1456-1468

  相似文献   

Lithospheric pressure–depth relationship in compressive regions of thickened crust     

Petrini  & Podladchikov 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2000,18(1):67-77

We investigate the pressure distribution with depth in regions undergoing horizontal shortening and experiencing crustal thickening both analytically and numerically. Our results show that, in a convergent tectonic setting, pressure can be considerably higher than lithostatic (the pressure resulting from the weight of the overburden). Increases in pressure with respect to lithostatic conditions result from both the contribution of horizontal stresses and the flexural vertical loads, the latter generated by the deflection of the upper crust and of the mantle because of the presence of topographic relief and a root, respectively. The contribution of horizontal stresses is particularly relevant to the upper crust and uppermost mantle, where rocks are thought to deform brittlely. In these domains, pressure gradients twice lithostatic can be achieved. The contribution of horizontal stresses is less important in the ductile domains as differential stresses are progressively relaxed; nevertheless, the effects are still noteworthy especially close to the brittle–ductile transition. Flexural vertical loads generated by the deflection of the upper crust and lithospheric mantle are relevant for rocks of the weaker lower crust. As a result of the combination of the two mechanisms, the pressure gradient varies vertically through the lithosphere, ranging from negative (inverted) gradients to gradients up to several times the lithostatic gradient. The pressure values range from one to two times the lithostatic values (1ρ gz to 2ρ gz ).  相似文献