Hydrology and hydrogeology of Sakaryabaşı Karstic springs, Çifteler, Turkey     

G. Günay 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):229-240

The Sakarya River is one of the largest rivers in Turkey and is fed mainly from Sakaryabaşı springs. The Sakaryabaşı springs are located in the Central Anatolia and issue from confined/semi-confined karst having a thermal component and therefore, having quite different hydrogeological characteristics as compared to the Taurus Karst region, a typical example of the Mediterranean type of karst. The karstic carbonate rocks that form the groundwater reservoir are overlain by a thick semi-pervious overburden of mainly clastics of Neogene age. Tectonics is the major factor controlling the occurrence of the karst springs in the area where topography is rather flat. This study aimed at explaining the occurrence and movement of the karst groundwater within the system by use of hydrogeological, chemical, and isotopic tools. Isotopic composition of the waters revealed that all waters in the region are of meteoric origin and the thermal component is due to deep circulation. The catchment area of the hydrogeological system extends to the south and groundwater movement is towards the outlets, which are in a depression along a major fault. The movement of the groundwater, based on analysis of remotely sensed images, is controlled mainly by structural elements.  相似文献   

Geophysical methods applied to fault characterization and earthquake potential assessment in the Lower Tagus Valley, Portugal     

Joo Carvalho  Joo Cabral  Rui Gonalves  Luís Torres  Luís Mendes-Victor 《Tectonophysics》2006,418(3-4):277-297

The study region is located in the Lower Tagus Valley, central Portugal, and includes a large portion of the densely populated area of Lisbon. It is characterized by a moderate seismicity with a diffuse pattern, with historical earthquakes causing many casualties, serious damage and economic losses. Occurrence of earthquakes in the area indicates the presence of seismogenic structures at depth that are deficiently known due to a thick Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The hidden character of many of the faults in the Lower Tagus Valley requires the use of indirect methodologies for their study. This paper focuses on the application of high-resolution seismic reflection method for the detection of near-surface faulting on two major tectonic structures that are hidden under the recent alluvial cover of the Tagus Valley, and that have been recognized on deep oil-industry seismic reflection profiles and/or inferred from the surface geology. These are a WNW–ESE-trending fault zone located within the Lower Tagus Cenozoic basin, across the Tagus River estuary (Porto Alto fault), and a NNE–SSW-trending reverse fault zone that borders the Cenozoic Basin at the W (Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault). Vertical electrical soundings were also acquired over the seismic profiles and the refraction interpretation of the reflection data was carried out. According to the interpretation of the collected data, a complex fault pattern disrupts the near surface (first 400 m) at Porto Alto, affecting the Upper Neogene and (at least for one fault) the Quaternary, with a normal offset component. The consistency with the previous oil-industry profiles interpretation supports the location and geometry of this fault zone. Concerning the second structure, two major faults were detected north of Vila Franca de Xira, supporting the extension of the Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon fault zone northwards. One of these faults presents a reverse geometry apparently displacing Holocene alluvium. Vertical offsets of the Holocene sediments detected in the studied geophysical data of Porto Alto and Vila Franca de Xira–Lisbon faults imply minimum slip rates of 0.15–0.30 mm/year, three times larger than previously inferred for active faults in the Lower Tagus Valley and maximum estimates of average return periods of 2000–5000 years for M 6.5–7 co-seismic ruptures.  相似文献   

Compressibility and swelling characteristics of Al-Khobar Palygorskite, eastern Saudi Arabia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saad A. Aiban   《Engineering Geology》2006,87(3-4):205-219

Expansive soils are found in different locations in eastern Saudi Arabia. The area is arid with high temperatures, highly variable humidity and an excessive rate of evaporation compared to the low precipitation. This resulted in the formation of water sensitive soils. In the present investigation, line valve buildings for a sweet water feeder (1118 mm in diameter) were constructed on a highly expansive material consisting mainly of brown palygorskite and gray palygorskite with thin sheets of gypsum and limestone. Block samples from both palygorskites were brought to the laboratory and cores as well as remolded samples were obtained from the blocks. The two palygorskites were found to be highly plastic and have a very high swelling potential. The liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) values for the brown palygorskite are 261% and 140%, respectively. The gray palygorskite has a LL of a 285% and a PL of 123%. The oedometer free swell tests for the two palygorskites produced an expansion ranging between 31.8% and 42.5% for the remolded samples. However, the expansion for cores ranges between 8.3% and 19.3%. The constant volume pressure tests produced a stress in excess of 4240 kPa. The swell potential reached a steady state after four days while the swelling pressure reached a steady state in about 3 h. The paper addresses the geology of the area, the characterization of the geomaterial including mineralogical composition using X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques and the swelling characteristics of the material.  相似文献   

Comments on the article “Determination of groundwater availability in shallow arid region aquifers utilizing GIS technology: a case study in Hada Al-Sham, Western Saudi Arabia” by A. S. El-Hames and K. A. Al-Ahmed (Hydrogeology Journal (2005), Volume 13, No.4, p 640–648, and Erratum in Volume 13, No. 4, p 649).     

Khaled S. Balkhair 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(7):1380-1382

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Impact of Flood Disasters on Taiwan in the Last Quarter Century     

Wei-Hsien Teng  Ming-Hsi Hsu  Chung-Hsing Wu  Albert S. Chen 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):191-207

The increasing natural disasters, especially floods during the last quarter century, are raising the economic losses in Taiwan. The most severe hazard in Taiwan is flooding induced by typhoons and storms in summer and autumn. By comparing the rivers around the world, the ones in Taiwan have the steepest slopes, the largest discharge per unit drainage area, and the shortest time of concentrations. Rapid urbanization without proper land uses managements usually worsen the flood problems. Consequently, flood hazards mitigation has become the most essential task for Taiwan to deal with. Although the government keeps improving flood defense structures, the flood damage grows continuously. In this article, possible flood mitigation strategies are identified for coping with complex environmental and social decisions with flood risk involved.  相似文献   

湖南船岭脚锡矿区矿化特征及成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

曾永红  王廷江  郑时干  曾志方 《华南地质与矿产》2006,(2):13-17

船岭脚锡矿为南岭锡多金属成矿带的一大型锡矿床。矿化类型较多,以构造蚀变带-矽卡岩复合型、接触带矽卡岩型锡矿为主,分布于中侏罗世姑婆山岩体接触带,且具分带性,自岩体内接触带往外依次为构造蚀变带-矽卡岩复合型、接触带矽卡岩型。矿化与成矿岩体及构造复合等因素密切相关,成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,为一与花岗岩有关的中高温矽卡岩型矿床。  相似文献   

环境样品中痕量元素的化学形态分析Ⅱ．砷汞镉锡铅硒铬的形态分析   总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2  

何红蓼  倪哲明李冰 杨红霞 《岩矿测试》2005,24(2):118-128

环境中元素的生物有效性和毒性依赖于其存在的化学形态。文章依据文献的有关报道介绍砷、汞、镉、锡、铅、硒和铬在环境中的分布、毒性及它们在环境样品如水、土壤、沉积物和生物体中的形态分析方法,包括分析物的保存、提取、分离和检测。引用文献120篇。  相似文献   

湿位涡守恒条件下西南涡的发展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

朱禾  邓北胜  吴洪 《气象学报》2002,60(3):343-351

运用高分辨率数值预报模式 (HIRLAM)模拟了一次中国西南地区在多种活跃天气系统影响下 ,西南涡的发展过程。分析了东亚季风、青藏高压、地形等多种尺度与不同高低空环流形势配合以及在湿位涡守恒条件下对流发展时 ,潜热及不稳定能量的释放 ,对中尺度涡旋和强对流发生发展的作用 ,探讨了西南涡和局地降水增强与消亡的成因与理论 ,并具有实用意义  相似文献   

施放氢气球时存在的安全隐患及防范措施     

张学成  侯俊岭  王军 《山西气象》2002,(2):38-39

针对采用球服务中的安全隐患，提出有效的防范措施，对开展此项工作的同志有很好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

旋转流地转适应过程与能量转换规律     

Fang Juan  Wu Rongsheng 《大气科学进展》2002,19(5):845-854

利用一维线性浅水模式从一个比较普遍的角度对地转适应过程中能量转换的特点进行分析。中首先考虑了两类不同的初始不平衡流的适应问题。一个是Gill所采用的质量不平衡模型，即初始场是静止的，只有水面扰动；另一个是Rossby中所考虑的动量不平衡模型，其初始不平衡流中只有风场的扰动，对这两个模型的适应过程而言，一个显的 特点就是能量转换率始终不会大于1／2或小于0，即适应过程中有位（动）能的释放和向动（位）能的转换，但释放出的能量最多只有其中的一半可以保留在最后的平衡场中。另外，本对任意初始不平衡流适应过程中的能量学特征也进行了分析，指出对于偏差场（相对于一定基本态）的动能和位能而言，上述能量转换关系依然成立。  相似文献