Grain size and grain shape analysis of fault rocks   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Rene Heilbronner  Nynke Keulen 《Tectonophysics》2006,427(1-4):199

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Molar tooth structures of the Neoarchean Monteville Formation, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. I: Constraints on microcrystalline CaCO₃ precipitation     

JAMES W. BISHOP  DAWN Y. SUMNER 《Sedimentology》2006,53(5):1049-1068

Molar tooth (MT) structures are enigmatic, contorted millimetre‐ to decimetre‐long veins and spheroids of microcrystalline calcite that formed during very early diagenesis in Precambrian sediments. MT structures in the ca 2·6 Ga Monteville Formation are 600–800 Myr older than previously reported occurrences and establish that conditions necessary for MT genesis were met locally throughout much of the Precambrian. In the Monteville Formation, MT structures were formed shallow subtidally, extending to depths near storm wave base, in shale host sediments intercalated with storm‐generated carbonate sand lenses. They are filled with microcrystalline calcite and rare pyrite. Microcrystalline calcite identical to that in MT structures fills other pore space, including porosity between grains in carbonate sand lenses, moldic porosity in sand grains, sheet cracks in columnar stromatolites, and shallow cracks on sandy bedding planes. Relationships in the Monteville Formation demonstrate that microcrystalline CaCO₃ precipitated in fluid‐filled cracks and pores; microcrystalline calcite characteristics, as well as the paucity of carbonate mud in host rocks, are inconsistent with injection of lime mud as the origin of MT structures. Locally, MT cracks were filled by detrital sediment before or during precipitation. Precipitation occurred in stages, and MT CaCO₃ evolved from granular cores to a rigid mass of cores with overgrowths – allowing both plastic and brittle deformation of MT structures, as well as reworking of eroded MT structures as rigid clasts and lime mud. Crystal size distributions and morphology suggest that cores precipitated through nucleation, Ostwald ripening and size‐dependent crystal growth, whereas overgrowths formed during size‐independent crystal growth.  相似文献   

用于砾石夹层钻进的新型PDC钻头的研制与使用          下载免费PDF全文

李天明  李大佛  陈洪俊  雷艳  刘红旗 《探矿工程》2006,33(8):57-60,63

无压浸渍工艺生产的PDC石油钻头钻遇砾石夹层不适应。根据砾石夹层砾石坚硬、软硬互层、非均质、研磨性强的特点，研究了新型PDC钻头，在钻头结构上主要采取外抛内锥带辅助切削齿的结构形式，在复合片上主要采用非平面结合方式，即采用双向多条直槽非平面结合。按此方案设计与生产了3只钻头，分别在3口井试用，直接钻穿砾石夹层馆陶组地层井段，钻井效率提高26%，突破了砾石夹层钻进不能使用PDC钻头的禁区。  相似文献   

PDC钻头切削齿破岩载荷规律的分析     

许爱 《探矿工程》2006,33(7):59-61

对PDC钻头冠部形状及不同的布齿密度和切削齿在不同的磨损状态下对PDC钻头切削齿受力的影响进行了分析；用相邻的3个切削齿之间的关系(不同的切削齿与切削齿之间的径向距离和切削齿之间的高度差)来分析PDC钻头冠部形状和切削齿布齿密度对切削齿受力的影响，以及将切削齿的磨损状态简化成与切削齿在钻头上装配方向垂直的平面来分析切削齿磨损状态对切削齿受力的影响。  相似文献   

硬致密泥岩钻进的新型复合片钻头的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李雨蔡家品  贾美玲张建元 赵尔信 《探矿工程》2006,33(9):60-61,54

介绍了一种新型齿形的复合片钻头，在硬致密泥岩中钻进，与常规复合片钻头相比，具有很高的钻进效率和高的钻头寿命，解决了泥岩钻进效率低的难题。  相似文献   

PDC钻头在寺河煤矿瓦斯预抽放钻井中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

吴小建  李新民 《中国煤田地质》2006,18(1):64-65,68

在寺河矿区一期瓦斯地面预抽放钻井施工中，使用传统的镶齿三牙轮钻头钻进，钻进速度低，仅为2.0m／h，且井斜不易控制、钻头寿命短、成本较高。通过对寺河煤矿地层特征的分析，在二期工程施工中，9#煤以上地层优选六翼内凹式PDC钻头钻进，采取一定技术措施并合理调整钻压、转速及泵量等钻进参数，钻速可达7．0m/h，井斜也得到有效控制，降低了钻井成本。  相似文献   

Comparative response analysis of conventional and innovative seismic protection strategies     

S. Bruno  C. Valente 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(5):1067-1092

The paper presents a numerical investigation aimed at evaluating the improvements achievable through devices for passive seismic protection of buildings based on the use of shape memory alloys (SMA) in place of conventional steel or rubber devices. To get some generality in the results, different resisting reinforced concrete plane frames were analysed, either protected or not. ‘New’ and ‘existing’ buildings were considered depending on whether seismic provisions are adopted in the building design or not. Base isolation and energy dissipation were equally addressed for both conventional and innovative SMA‐based devices. Fragility analyses were performed using specific damage measures to account for comparisons among different damage types; the results were then used to estimate quantitatively the effectiveness of the various protection systems. More specifically, the assessment involved a direct comparison of the damage reduction provided by each protection system with respect to the severe degradation experienced by the corresponding non‐protected frame. Structural damage, non‐structural damage and damage to contents were used on purpose and included in a subsequent phase of cost analysis to evaluate the expected gains also in terms of economic benefits and life loss prevention. The results indicate that base isolation, when applicable, provides higher degrees of safety than energy dissipation does; moreover, the use of SMA‐based devices generally brings about better performances, also in consideration of the reduced functional and maintenance requirements. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A procedure for evaluating seismic energy demand of framed structures     

Chung‐Che Chou  Chia‐Ming Uang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(2):229-244

Energy serves as an alternative index to response quantities like force or displacement to include the duration‐related seismic damage effect. A procedure to evaluate the absorbed energy in a multistorey frame from energy spectra was developed. For low‐ to medium‐rise frames, it required a static pushover analysis of the structure to determine the modal yield force and ductility factor of an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system for the first two modes. The energy spectra were then used to determine the energy contribution of each mode. A procedure was also developed to distribute the energy along the frame height based on energy shapes. This study showed that the second‐mode response in some cases needs to be considered to reflect the energy (or damage) concentration in the upper floors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Multiscale Roughness Analysis of Particles: Application to the Classification of Detrital Sediments     

Hervé Drolon  Bernard Hoyez  Fabrice Druaux  Alain Faure 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(7):805-817

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岩浆驱动破裂的形态研究     

栾锡武  秦蕴珊  宋海斌  石耀霖 《地球物理学进展》2003,18(1):138-141

轴地壳岩浆房是活动扩张中心海洋地壳结构的一个重要组成部分，轴地壳岩浆房通过深部岩浆源的补充，内部岩浆的同化熔融、结晶分异等岩浆房过程，其中的岩浆会破裂上覆的岩石层形成岩浆破裂，并沿岩浆破裂继续向上迁移。本文建立了岩浆迁移的层流模型，从理论上对岩浆迁移问题进行了探讨，并将遗传算法引入到该问题中来，用遗传算法求解了描述岩浆驱动破裂传播的积分方程。如果假设岩浆破裂在远离破裂末梢处的权限宽度为1M，则靠近末梢，破裂的宽度逐渐加大，在末梢处宽度为2m左右。并根据文献对岩浆流体的一些观测参数计算得出，岩浆破裂权限宽度不会很大，一般在1m左右的量级。  相似文献