预应力混凝土冠梁计算模型     

黎永索  张可能  彭环云 《地震学刊》2011,(4):436-440,449

提出了一种基于预应力混凝土的基坑冠梁的计算模型,其基本原理是利用预应力的等效荷载作用,在基坑支护结构冠梁中采用预应力混凝土,对基坑支护结构提供主动支护作用。结果表明：采用预应力混凝土冠梁可以提高基坑支护体系坑顶的刚度,改善深基坑支护结构的受力,降低工程成本;计算模型简单,具有内撑和拉锚的功效,施工更方便,质量容易控制;预应力混凝土冠梁能够充分发挥预应力钢筋的抗拉作用,减小支护结构的顶部位移和增加悬臂式支护结构的支护深度;冠梁中的预应力钢筋能够回收和重复利用,经济环保。因此,预应力混凝土冠梁在基坑支护中具有很好的推广和应用价值。  相似文献   

基于双频星载降水雷达GPM数据的华南地区降水垂直结构特征分析     

杜爽  王东海  李国平  蔡亲波  许向春 《热带气象学报》2020,36(1):115-130

华南汛期作为我国雨季爆发的第一阶段一直是预报与研究的热点问题,对其降水-云宏微观垂直特性的认识还不够深入。双频星载雷达资料对强、弱降水三维探测进行优化,并补充对洋面降水的探测。借助这两方面优势,对华南对流性、层云性两类主要降水类型的垂直特征进行统计,分析降水反射率因子与降水粒子垂直分布、亮带特征与垂直分层降水贡献,对比华南陆地在回波顶高方面与南海洋面的异同,最后针对华南前后汛期的降水垂直分布特征进行分析。(1)对流性降水反射率因子快速增长区域主要发生在低层,层云性降水反射率因子快速增长区域位于亮带层附近。(2)当发生强降水时,对流性降水的粒子浓度并不是总高于层云性降水,但前者粒子半径大于后者;强层云性降水往往来自于大小均一的粒子聚集,并没有形成更大直径的液滴。(3)华南陆地回波顶高季节变化较南海洋面强烈,浅薄对流降水发生频率受季风影响从春至秋存在先增后减特征,深对流发生频率在夏季增幅显著。南海地区回波顶高虽无明显季节变化但在3 km和5.5 km存在明显的双峰特征。(4)前汛期对流性降水的高浓度、大尺度的粒子更利于向更高高度发展,而层云性降水粒子浓度及半径的垂直分布在华南前后汛期无明显差异。前后汛期回波顶高异同主要出现在广西中部,广东中部和沿海地区。   相似文献   

台风“温比亚”影响山东期间GPM资料的降水分析          下载免费PDF全文

李芳  李南  万瑜 《山东气象》2020,40(4):69-76

为研究GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement）资料对台风雨带降水结构的探测能力,利用GPM卫星资料、地基雷达资料和地面降水实况对2018 年第18号台风“温比亚”影响山东期间的降水结构进行分析。结果表明：台风螺旋雨带造成的降水远大于台风外围云系产生的降水;台风螺旋雨带的雨顶高度大于外围云系的雨顶高度,基本在7 km以上,最大雨顶高度达到15 km;台风螺旋雨带及其外围云系都以层云和对流云降水为主,其中螺旋雨带中对流云降水所占比例高于外围云系,对流云的平均降水率是层云的3倍左右,对流云降水对应近地面降水率和雨顶高度的大值区;台风螺旋雨带的降水柱与外围云系中的降水柱相比,具有数量多、密度大、高度高的特点,这与台风螺旋雨带中对流发展旺盛有关;2A DPR数据产品对降水估测具有较好的指示意义。研究结果为用GPM产品估测降水结构提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

IMPACT OF VERTICAL RESOLUTION,MODEL TOP AND DATA ASSIMILATION ON WEATHER FORECASTING——A CASE STUDY     

邵旻  张宇  徐建军 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2020,26(1):71-81

The impacts of stratospheric initial conditions and vertical resolution on the stratosphere by raising the model top, refining the vertical resolution, and the assimilation of operationally available observations, including conventional and satellite observations, on continental U.S. winter short-range weather forecasting, were investigated in this study. The initial and predicted wind and temperature profiles were analyzed against conventional observations. Generally, the initial wind and temperature bias profiles were better adjusted when a higher model top and refined vertical resolution were used. Negative impacts were also observed in both the initial wind and temperature profiles, over the lower troposphere. Different from the results by only raising the model top, the assimilation of operationally available observations led to significant improvements in both the troposphere and stratosphere initial conditions when a higher top was used. Predictions made with the adjusted stratospheric initial conditions and refined vertical resolutions showed generally better forecasting skill. The major improvements caused by raising the model top with refined vertical resolution, as well as those caused by data assimilation, were in both cases located in the tropopause and lower stratosphere. Negative impacts were also observed, in the predicted near surface wind and lower-tropospheric temperature. These negative impacts were related to the uncertainties caused by more stratospheric information, as well as to some physical processes. A case study shows that when we raise the model top, put more vertical layers in stratosphere and apply data assimilation, the precipitation scores can be slightly improved. However, more analysis are needed due to uncertainties brought by data assimilation.  相似文献   

基于加密探空资料的上海不同云天下AIRS/Aqua相对湿度廓线反演精度研究     

蒋文泽  刘琼  陈勇航  黄艺伟  赵兵科  吴峻石  周海江  陈帅妤 《热带气象学报》2022,38(2):301-310

目前云对卫星相对湿度廓线反演精度的影响研究大多是针对云量,对其他云属性的影响研究尚少,云高也是影响卫星相对湿度廓线反演精度的重要因素。利用上海宝山站L波段(1型)加密探空资料,分析了上海地区7—9月不同质量控制标识、云量和云顶高度条件下大气红外探测器AIRS/Aqua (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) 相对湿度廓线的反演精度,以期为今后开展AIRS等卫星资料的同化研究提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)AIRS相对湿度廓线反演误差随着云量的增加而逐渐增大,并且随着气压值的升高,少云与多云时的均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)之差有逐渐增大的趋势;(2)云顶高度越高,AIRS相对湿度廓线反演精度越差,云顶以上湿度廓线反演精度更高,而云顶以下高度的反演误差较大;(3)高云且多云时,AIRS相对湿度廓线的反演精度最差,850 hPa处,AIRS相对湿度反演数据与探空资料绝对误差的下限达到了[-63.51%];(4)虽然质量控制标识为0时,AIRS湿度廓线在对流层范围内的反演精度仍达不到无线电探空的水平,但是相对于质量控制标识1时,反演精度明显提高。   相似文献   

Paleomagnetic evidence for the emplacement mechanism of an enigmatic boulder accumulation on a coastal cliff top in New South Wales: implications for the Australian Megatsunami Hypothesis     

D. N. Thomas  P. W. Schmidt 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(4):503-515

Paleomagnetic sampling and measurement of a boulder accumulation on Little Beecroft Head on the Illawarra coastline of New South Wales was undertaken to evaluate potential emplacement mechanisms. This deposit is of central importance in the Australian Megatsunami Hypothesis (AMH) debate, but to date, there has been no unequivocal determination of its provenance. The most likely emplacement mechanisms are by slow collapse during denudation of overlying strata, storm wave overwash or a combination of these. Characteristic Remanent Magnetisation (ChRM) directions were obtained from 15 individual boulders and the in situ bedrock platform on which they currently rest. The in situ Permian bedrock has a normal polarity mean ChRM direction of D/I = 1.6°/–66.7° (α₉₅ = 5.2°; k = 33.9) that is statistically indistinguishable from the Present Earth Field direction at the site. The magnetisation is most likely due to Cenozoic/recent weathering, which is common in surficial rocks throughout the Sydney Basin. ChRM directions for the boulders are stable but scattered, although not random, and the mean boulder direction is indistinguishable in geographic (i.e. current in situ) coordinates, at the 5% significance level, from the mean direction of the in situ bedrock. Further statistical tests confirm that the scatter in the mean directions of the boulders and the in situ bedrock is different, at the 5% significance level, with the boulder mean being more scattered. At an individual boulder level, some blocks have mean ChRM directions that are statistically indistinguishable from the mean in situ rock ChRM direction, whereas others are distinguishable at the 5% significance level.

These results indicate that the boulders were magnetised prior to emplacement but were not moved far from their original positions during emplacement. The emplacement age is constrained to the last ca 780 000 years. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that the Little Beecroft Head boulder deposit was emplaced by a non-catastrophic mechanism, namely slow collapse during denudation of pre-existing cliff material or overtopping from severe storms, which occur regularly on the east coast of New South Wales. Even if a catastrophic wave were responsible, the results constrain the age of that event to be older than 780 000 years. Therefore, the results presented here are not supportive of the AMH as it currently stands. Further paleomagnetic work, on similar deposits along the Illawarra coastline and from elsewhere in Australia, is needed to evaluate the interpretations presented here.  相似文献   

GJ-240L型履带式工勘钻机的研制与应用     

刘珂  王圣君  杨东河  薛磊 《探矿工程》2018,45(3):76-80

环境治理、地质调查、市政勘察等领域的钻探施工孔位多、分布散,为提高钻进施工效率、提升机台全要素生产率,专门设计了一款履带式工勘钻机。本文着重介绍了钻机设计方案、性能参数、结构特点及试验应用情况,通过分析对履带式工勘钻机研制工作进行了总结,为今后此类项目实施提供了参考。  相似文献   

XD-30DB型钻机在金矿勘查中的应用     

马晓鹏  王伟杰  田国亮  李宽 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):68-72

在栾家河金矿勘探区,为完成地质深孔绳索取心钻探任务,引进XD-30DB型钻机进行施工。本文主要通过对电动变频顶驱钻机的应用,对其在钻进过程中的效果、性能和工作方法进行优化总结,同时提出改进建议。  相似文献   

深孔取心钻进用高速顶驱式钻机          下载免费PDF全文

朱江龙  张伟  黄洪波  胡时友  刘跃进 《探矿工程》2014,41(9):114-119

回顾总结了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）项目钻探装备的研制和改造过程,详细描述了2种高速顶驱式岩心钻机的总体方案、应用效果和存在问题,简要分析了高速顶驱钻进、顶驱/转盘双回转钻进以及交流变频电驱动技术在深部复杂地层钻探领域的应用前景,对建立我国深部钻探装备体系具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

热德拜油田水平井优快钻井配套技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柯学  王吉文  朱杨  胡新兴  周红敏 《探矿工程》2014,41(10):26-31

为加快热德拜油田水平井钻井开发步伐,通过对岩石力学特性、岩石理化特性、井眼轨道、钻具组合、钻头选型等方面的研究,形成了以PDC钻头复合钻井技术、井眼轨迹控制技术、防漏堵漏钻井液技术、筛管顶部双级注水泥固井技术等为主的科学、合理的配套工艺技术,并应用于现场施工,加快了热德拜水平井开发步伐,节约了开发成本。2012年水平井平均钻井周期为42.96天,完井周期53.38天;2013年水平井平均钻井缩短至19.58天;完井周期37天,同比钻井周期缩短54.4％,完井周期缩短41.1％。  相似文献