Tracer properties of eroded sediment and source material     

J. A. Motha  P. J. Wallbrink  P. B. Hairsine  R. B. Grayson 《水文研究》2002,16(10):1983-2000

This paper examines the conservativeness of tracers through the sediment generation process. This is done by comparing a selection of tracer properties of sediment eroded from large plots by simulated rainfall, with the corresponding properties of the source materials within the plots. Sediment was generated using three simulated rainfall events for each of five selected erosion source types in the Tarago catchment, Victoria, Australia. As there were particle size and organic content differences between the source material and the generated sediment, the measured tracer properties of the source material were corrected for these differences. The possible role of analytical errors in this investigation was also addressed. The geochemical property, concentration of Fe₂O₃, was not conservative for any of the process sources investigated. Concentration of Al₂O₃ was not conservative for three of the four process sources investigated, and the sum of molecular proportions of CaO**, Na₂O, K₂O and Al₂O₃ was not conservative for two of the four process sources investigated. Mineral magnetic properties, IRM₈₅₀ and χ were also found to be not conservative, although this may be the result of the complex relationship between particle size and mineral magnetic properties not being adequately accommodated in this analysis. The radionuclide tracers, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, were found to be conservative through the sediment generation process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

上海天文台氢钟的研制现状及其应用前景     

贯士俊  翟造成 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2003,(1)

介绍了上海天文台氢钟的研制现状及其应用情况 ,展望了其潜在应用前景。对目前氢钟小型化国内外研究现状、我国进行小型氢钟的研制方案、拟解决的关键问题也进行了论述。同时给出了小型氢钟的预期性能指标  相似文献   

物探方法在济南市鸭旺口地热普查中的应用效果          下载免费PDF全文

杨海霞  陈长峰  王鲁萍 《山东国土资源》2003,19(Z1):25-28

物探方法在济南市鸭旺口地热普查中发挥了重要作用,取得了明显的地质效果。利用重力、磁法圈定了大张庄岩体与围岩的接触界线;利用电测深曲线和视电阻率断面图划分了地层,推断了基岩中的隐伏断裂构造;利用浅层测温确定了地热异常带。物探方法简便快捷,经济有效。  相似文献   

浅析陕北安塞郝家坪油区地球物理测井方法的选取及应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵军龙  李新胜  胡建平 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(2):54-58

介绍了陕北安塞郝家坪油区的地质特征,含油地层岩性特征。针对在该区开展生产井测井工作中地球物理测井方法的选取原则、选取情况,综合确定了适用于该区的经济有效的地球物理测井方法。阐述了该区标志层的岩性特征和测井曲线组合特征、含油层的岩性特征和测井曲线组合特征,并对测井仪器的选取情况做了相应说明。介绍了野外资料采集的步骤和注意事项、测井成果解释的具体方法、所运用的经验公式以及参数选取情况,重点介绍了孔隙度、含油饱和度、渗透率k以及残余烃、可动烃、水各占孔隙的计算方法,总结了本区含油饱和度划分油水层的原则。以该区的塞新1、塞天马16两口井为例,浅析了该解释方法的应用,取得了很好的效果。  相似文献   

灰色预测在环境水文地质中的应用     

李坷凌 《河南国土资源》2001,(4)

本文介绍了灰色预测的基本原理和特点 ,以及它的建模方法 ,并介绍了利用它对环境水文地质要素进行预测的步骤  相似文献   

矿业权评估方法与应用探讨     

黄国军 《南方国土资源》2002,15(3):54-58

文章阐述了矿业权评估方法选择的依据和各种评估方法应用的条件和程序 ,探讨了各种评估方法应用中需注意的问题  相似文献   

Multiple injected and natural conservative tracers quantify mixing in a stream confluence affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton,Colorado     

Laurence E. Schemel  Marisa H. Cox  Robert L. Runkel  Briant A. Kimball 《水文研究》2006,20(13):2727-2743

The acidic discharge from Cement Creek, containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals and sulphate, mixed with the circumneutral‐pH Animas River over a several hundred metre reach (mixing zone) near Silverton, CO, during this study. Differences in concentrations of Ca, Mg, Si, Sr, and SO₄^2? between the creek and the river were sufficiently large for these analytes to be used as natural tracers in the mixing zone. In addition, a sodium chloride (NaCl) tracer was injected into Cement Creek, which provided a Cl^? ‘reference’ tracer in the mixing zone. Conservative transport of the dissolved metals and sulphate through the mixing zone was verified by mass balances and by linear mixing plots relative to the injected reference tracer. At each of seven sites in the mixing zone, five samples were collected at evenly spaced increments of the observed across‐channel gradients, as determined by specific conductance. This created sets of samples that adequately covered the ranges of mixtures (mixing ratios, in terms of the fraction of Animas River water, %AR). Concentratis measured in each mixing zone sample and in the upstream Animas River and Cement Creek were used to compute %AR for the reference and natural tracers. Values of %AR from natural tracers generally showed good agreement with values from the reference tracer, but variability in discharge and end‐member concentrations and analytical errors contributed to unexpected outlier values for both injected and natural tracers. The median value (MV) %AR (calculated from all of the tracers) reduced scatter in the mixing plots for the dissolved metals, indicating that the MV estimate reduced the effects of various potential errors that could affect any tracer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the relationship between hydrographs and chemographs     

Andreas Kurtenbach  Steffen Mller  Andreas Krein  Wolfhard Symader 《水文研究》2006,20(14):2921-2934

The spatial representativeness of gauging stations was investigated in two low‐mountainous river basins near the city of Trier, southwest Germany. Longitudinal profiles during low and high flow conditions were sampled in order to identify sources of solutes and to characterize the alteration of flood wave properties during its travel downstream. Numerous hydrographs and chemographs of natural flood events were analysed in detail. Additionally, artificial flood events were investigated to study in‐channel transport processes. During dry weather conditions the gauging station was only representative for a short river segment upstream, owing to discharge and solute concentrations of sources contiguous to the measurement site. During artificial flood events the kinematic wave velocity was considerably faster than the movement of water body and solutes, refuting the idea of a simple mixing process of individual runoff components. Depending on hydrological boundary conditions, the wave at a specific gauge could be entirely composed of old in‐channel water, which notably reduces the spatial representativeness of a sampling site. Natural flood events were characterized by a superimposition of local overland flow, riparian water and the kinematic wave process comprising the downstream conveyance of solutes. Summer floods in particular were marked by a chronological occurrence of distinct individual runoff components originating only from a few contributing areas adjacent to the stream and gauge. Thus, the representativeness of a gauge for processes in the whole basin depends on the distance of the nearest significant source to the station. The consequence of our study is that the assumptions of mixing models are not satisfied in river basins larger than 3 km². Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

时间频率溯源链的重要特性及其应用     

倪广仁  许录平  和康元 《天文研究与技术》2006,3(1):13-20

主要以美国国家技术标准研究院(NIST)的时间频率溯源链系统为典型,给出其方框图和技术指标,并述评了NIST的宗旨、任务,及时间频率溯源链的重要特征是:拥有高精度的铯喷泉原始频率基准(准确度、稳定度均~1.10-15);在时间频率传递方法和技术研究开发方面处于领先地位;在远程校准的频率测量和分析系统(FMAS),及溯源链系统的尖端装备的高集成化、自动化、智能化、轻量化品质方面均达到先进水平。并综述了高精度的时间频率同步系统在天文学测量、导弹发射、导航、定位等科学实验研究领域中的重要作用和目前达到的关键技术指标。  相似文献   

VLBI在探月卫星定位中的应用分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

乔书波  李金岭  孙付平 《测绘学报》2007,36(3):262-268

中国实施的"嫦娥"探月工程中,探月卫星的定轨测控系统由我国现有的S频段航天测控网(USB)和甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)系统组成。系统中,VLBI技术主要为绕月卫星定轨提供卫星的角位置。本文分析了在探月项目中,VLBI单点定位的必要性。探讨了VLBI技术用于探月卫星单点定位的基本原理及其实现方法。通过算例对模拟数据进行处理,检验了方法的正确性。对结果进行分析,得出一些结论。  相似文献