道路安定理论的进展及其应用     

王娟  余海岁 《岩土力学》2014,35(5):1255-1262

30多年来,国际上的道路设计原理及方法逐渐从传统经验法向运用理论框架方面转变。但这些理论框架主要基于土和粒状材料的弹性假设,从而限制了材料塑性性能的发挥。安定分析基于弹塑性理论,可以确定结构在循环或变值荷载作用下的最大承载力,因此,能够被运用于道路承受交通荷载的问题。阐述了安定理论的概念以及两种经典安定定理,回顾了道路安定分析方法的创始及发展过程,包括与试验结果的比较,讨论了残余应力在道路中的分布、两种求解道路安定荷载极限的方法,以及与塑性极限分析的比较,并把一种下限安定分析方法应用于多层柔性路面的设计,最后展望了道路安定理论未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

永久振动环境中岩土锚杆适用性的分析和测试     

胡忠志  简文彬 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2599-2603

对土介质中的全长注浆锚杆进行了固有特性分析,推导了锚杆固有频率和固有振型的计算公式。考虑对永久震动环境中能否设计永久锚杆缺少经验,对所涉及的列车激励场地做了动力测试和频谱分析,以避免使支护构件的自振频率接近该场地中外界激励的优势频率和介质的一阶卓越频率。研究表明锚杆一阶纵向自振频率、场地卓越频率、列车优势频率分布于不同的频带,列车激励不致造成锚杆的共振。通过这一分析,为进一步认识锚杆支护结构在复杂环境下的适用性问题提供了参考。  相似文献   

地震荷载作用下大坂盾构隧道管片配筋校核     

戴永浩  陈卫忠  谭贤君  黄胜 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z2):236-241

将盾构隧道管片视为分段曲梁、管片之间为铰接关系、管片与地层之间为非线性接触关系,边界采用无限元吸收地震波的反向与折射,地层服从Mohr-Coulomb弹塑性本构模型,地震波采用EI-Centro波,采用地层-结构法,应用隐式动力有限元分析地震荷载作用下管片轴力与弯矩分布情况。根据有限元计算结果,结合结构力学方法,校核管片配筋是否合理。与荷载结构法相比,其方法可模拟围岩与管片、管片与管片之间的相互关系,并可考虑锚杆等支护结构对管片受力的影响,因而,计算结果更为精确。研究为盾构隧道管片配筋优化设计,降低隧道支护成本,提供了一种管片配筋校核计算方法与设计依据。  相似文献   

全长粘结式锚杆加固洞室抗爆性能试验研究     

王光勇  顾金才  陈安敏  徐景茂  张向阳 《岩土力学》2010,31(1):107-112

通过模型试验, 研究了在平面装药爆炸应力波的作用下,全长粘结式锚杆加固洞室抗爆性能。试验结果表明,通过分析自由场压力-时程曲线,证明试验数据可靠;经过加固的洞室拱顶位移峰值减少明显,当比例距离为5.23 cm/g1/2时,洞室发生破坏;在平面波的作用下,两个洞室洞壁各个位置都产生压应变,最大应变出现在拱脚处,随着比例距离减小,拱顶应变峰值先增加后减小,最大应变峰值越来越大;拱顶是加速度振动最激烈的地方,经过加固可以降低拱顶加速度,但效果不明显,在变形不大时底板加速度增加较大,必要时应该采取减震措施,经过加固洞室侧墙加速度普遍有不同程度减小,并且破坏越严重效果越明显,随着比例距离减小,拱顶和侧墙加速度越来越大,尤其当比例距离为5.23 cm/g1/2时,加速度急剧上升。  相似文献   

四向振动空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟主应力轴旋转应力路径能力分析     

周正龙  陈国兴  吴琪 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z1):126-132

主应力轴旋转对土体的动力特性有着显著影响。利用GDS动态空心圆柱扭剪仪（HCA）能够实现内围压、外围压、轴力和扭矩四向动态加载的功能,提出了3种主应力方向变化的应力路径加载方式,分析了3种应力路径在实际工程中的应用,并进行了试验验证。当四向动载根据推导的波形函数加载时,可以实现：① 平均主应力p、中主应力系数b和偏应力q保持恒定,主应力轴循环旋转的应力路径;② 平均应力p和中主应力系数b保持不变,偏应力q循环变化,而主应力方向角? = 90°突变的应力路径;③ 平均主应力p、中主应力系数b保持不变,偏应力q、主应力方向角α连续变化的应力路径。应力路径①为模拟海洋波浪荷载作用下的应力路径试验提供了理论依据,应力路径②可用于模拟不同方向地震荷载的作用,应力路径③可以模拟波浪荷载作用下桩周土体的应力路径以及交通荷载作用下的应力路径。  相似文献   

斜压基本气流对东亚夏季风区气旋扰动低频发展影响的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴捷  许小峰  金飞飞  任宏利 《地球物理学报》2016,59(4):1222-1234

本文将夏季气候平均的基本气流分解为正压和斜压分量,使用一个线性斜压模式,研究了不同斜压基本气流对热带西北太平洋地区初始气旋性环流扰动低频发展演变的重要作用.其中,控制试验较好地模拟出初始气旋扰动向西北方向传播、在西北太平洋季风槽附近停滞增强、在东亚地区出现经向波列和在南海到海洋大陆地区形成西北—东南向波列等特征.改变斜压分量的敏感性试验结果表明,正压基流不能为西传的初始扰动供给足够的能量;海陆热力差异引起东亚地区的纬向温度梯度和北风垂直切变,是东亚太平洋型经向波列形成和维持的重要因素;当基本气流中的斜压纬向偏差部分线性增大时,扰动的能量会呈e指数迅速增强,提示在气候变化的背景下,基本气流微小的改变可能带来天气或季节内扰动强度的剧烈响应.  相似文献   

Running safety assessment of trains moving over bridges subjected to moderate earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

P. A. Montenegro  R. Calçada  N. Vila Pouca  M. Tanabe 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(3):483-504

A study about the running safety of trains moving over bridges subjected to earthquakes is presented. The study focuses on moderate earthquakes with relatively small return periods and high probability of occurrence. The analyses are performed using a nonlinear train‐bridge interaction method proposed by the authors, being the running safety evaluated with safety criteria existent in the literature. The influence on the train running safety of the seismic intensity levels, train running speed, and track quality is evaluated. Because no significant nonlinearity is likely to be exhibited in the columns for moderate levels of seismicity, the analyses are performed in the elastic domain. However, the reduction in the columns stiffness due to cracking is accounted, and a methodology to compute their effective stiffness is proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

波浪力对深水桥墩结构在地震和冰荷载作用下的响应影响分析     

贾玲玲 《震灾防御技术》2010,5(2):263-269

考虑到波浪力对深水桥墩地震响应和冰振响应的影响,本文基于非线性Morision方程,同时考虑附加质量效应和流固耦合效应,通过建立深水桥墩结构有限元分析模型及动力平衡方程,对深水桥墩结构进行了波浪、冰荷载、地震3种环境激励荷载单独作用下,以及不同组合形式共同作用下的数值分析;进而对计算结果进行了比较,探讨了动水压力对深水桥墩结构响应的影响程度,可为今后深水桥墩抗震以及抗冰设计提供一定的借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of vibrations from a Thalys high speed train in the Groene Hart tunnel     

S. Gupta  H. Van den BergheG. Lombaert  G. Degrande 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

This paper presents a numerical study of vibrations due to a Thalys high speed train in the Groene Hart tunnel, which is part of the high speed link South between Amsterdam and Antwerp and the world's largest bored tunnel.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and carbon cycling in the North Sea and exchange with the North Atlantic—A model study,Part II: Carbon budget and fluxes     

Wilfried Kühn  Johannes Pätsch  Helmuth Thomas  Alberto V. Borges  Laure-Sophie Schiettecatte  Yann Bozec  A.E. Friederike Prowe 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

The 3-d coupled physical–biogeochemical model ECOHAM (version 3) was applied to the Northwest-European Shelf (47°41′–63°53′N, 15°5′W–13°55′E) for the years 1993–1996. Carbon fluxes were calculated for the years 1995 and 1996 for the inner shelf region, the North Sea (511,725 km²). This period was chosen because it corresponds to a shift from a very high winter-time North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) in 1994/1995, to an extremely low one in 1995/1996, with consequences for the North Sea physics and biogeochemistry. During the first half of 1996, the observed mean SST was about 1 °C lower than in 1995; in the southern part of the North Sea the difference was even larger (up to 3 °C). Due to a different wind regime, the normally prevailing anti-clockwise circulation, as found in winter 1995, was replaced by more complicated circulation patterns in winter 1996. Decreased precipitation over the drainage area of the continental rivers led to a reduction in the total (inorganic and organic) riverine carbon load to the North Sea from 476 Gmol C yr⁻¹ in 1995 to 340 Gmol C yr⁻¹ in 1996. In addition, the North Sea took up 503 Gmol C yr⁻¹ of CO₂ from the atmosphere. According to our calculations, the North Sea was a sink for atmospheric CO₂, at a rate of 0.98 mol C m⁻² yr⁻¹, for both years. The North Sea is divided into two sub-systems: the shallow southern North Sea (SNS; 190,765 km²) and the deeper northern North Sea (NNS; 320,960 km²). According to our findings the SNS is a net-autotrophic system (net ecosystem production NEP>0) but released CO₂ to the atmosphere: 159 Gmol C yr⁻¹ in 1995 and 59 Gmol C yr⁻¹ in 1996. There, the temperature-driven release of CO₂ outcompetes the biological CO₂ drawdown. In the NNS, where respiratory processes prevail (NEP<0), 662 and 562 Gmol C yr⁻¹ were taken up from the atmosphere in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Stratification separates the productive, upper layer from the deeper layers of the water column where respiration/remineralization takes place. Duration and stability of the stratification are determined by the meteorological conditions, in relation to the NAO. Our results suggest that this mechanism controlling the nutrient supply to the upper layer in the northern and central North Sea has a larger impact on the carbon fluxes than changes in lateral transport due to NAOI variations. The North Sea as a whole imports organic carbon and exports inorganic carbon across the outer boundaries, and was found to be net-heterotrophic, more markedly in 1996 than in 1995.  相似文献