Assessing radial transmissivity variation in heterogeneous aquifers using analytical techniques          下载免费PDF全文

Cem B. Avci  A. Ufuk Sahin 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5739-5754

Pumping tests are one of the most commonly used in situ testing techniques for assessing aquifer hydraulic properties. Numerous researches have been conducted to predict the effects of aquifer heterogeneity on the groundwater levels during pumping tests. The objectives of the present work were as follows: (1) to predict drawdown conditions and to estimate aquifer properties during pumping tests undertaken in radially symmetric heterogeneous aquifers, and (2) to identify a method for assessing the transmissivity field along the radial coordinate in radially symmetric and fully heterogeneous transmissivity fields. The first objective was achieved by expanding an existing analytical drawdown formulation that was valid for a radially symmetric confined aquifer with two concentric zones around the pumping well to an N concentric zone confined aquifer having a constant transmissivity value within each zone. The formulation was evaluated for aquifers with three and four concentric zones to assess the effects of the transmissivity field on the drawdown conditions. The specific conditions under which aquifer properties could be identified using traditional methods of analysis were also evaluated. The second objective was achieved by implementing the inverse solution algorithm (ISA), which was developed for petroleum reservoirs to groundwater aquifer settings. The results showed that the drawdown values are influenced by a volumetric integral of a weighting function and the transmissivity field within the cone of depression. The weighting function migrates in tandem with the expanding cone of depression. The ability of the ISA to predict radially symmetric and log‐normally distributed transmissivity fields was assessed against analytical and numerical benchmarks. The results of this investigation indicated that the ISA method is a viable technique for evaluating the radial transmissivity variations of heterogeneous aquifer settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical evaluation of pumping well transmissivity estimates in laterally heterogeneous formations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leanne G. Tumlinson  James L. Osiensky  Jerry P. Fairley 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(1-2):21-30

Transmissivity estimates derived from non-steady-state, single well, constant discharge, aquifer tests in laterally heterogeneous environments generally are questioned relative to their representativeness of aquifer conditions. Drawdown in pumping wells reflects the removal of water from storage in the aquifer and transient refraction of groundwater path-lines during the evolution of a non-symmetrical cone of depression. Simulations of single-well aquifer tests in aquifers with simple, arbitrary distributions of block heterogeneities suggest that transmissivity (T) values derived by the Cooper–Jacob (1946) method generally reflect volumetric, weighted mean T values of all of the heterogeneities contacted by the cone of depression at a particular time. This finding suggests that early-time drawdown data for single well aquifer tests reflect rapidly changing, volumetric, weighted mean T values proximal to the pumping well while late-time drawdown data reflect stabilized conditions and spatially averaged, volumetric weighted mean T out to a considerable distance from the pumping well.

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Resume Los estimados de transmisividad derivados de estados no estables, pozos individuales, descarga constante, pruebas de acuíferos en ambientes heterogéneos laterales generalmente se cuestionan en cuanto a su representatividad de las conidiones de los acuíferos. La extracción de agua en pozos de bombeo refleja la extracción de agua del depósito en el acuífero y la refracción transitoria de líneas de trayectoria del agua subterránea durante la evolución de un cono no simétrico de depresión. Las simulaciones de pozos individuales, pruebas de acuíferos en acuíferos con distribuciones simples, arbitrarias de heterogeneidades de bloque sugieren que los valores de transmisividad (T) derivados por el método Cooper–Jacob (1946) generalmente reflejan valores medios volumétricos potenciales (weighted) de todas las heterogeneidades en contaco con el cono de la depresión en un momento particular. Este descubrimiento sugiere que los datos de extracción tempranos de pruebas de pozos individuales reflejan valores medios potenciales volumétricos que cambian rápidamente en la proximidad del pozo de bombeo mientras que los valores de extracción tardíos reflejan condiciones estabilizadas y medias potenciales volumétricas a una distancia considerable del pozo de bombeo.

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Resumé Les estimés de transmissivité dérivés dessais de pompage en régime transitoire dans un seul puits contenu dans une formation latéralement hétérogène sont généralement questionable en ce qui concerne la représentativité des conditions de laquifère. Le rabattement dans les puits de pompage reflète lextraction deau provenant de lemmagasinement de laquifère et la réfraction en régime transitoire des lignes découlement durant lévolution dun cone de dépression non symétrique. Des simulations dessai de pompage dans un seul puits contenu dans un domaine avec des blocs hétérogènes distribués arbitrairement suggèrent que les valeurs de transmissivité obtenus avec la méthode dinterprétation de Cooper–Jacob (1946) sont généralement représentatifs du volume moyen pondéré de toutes les hétérogénéités en contact avec le cone de dépression à un temps particulier. Cette découverte suggère que les données de rabattement au début dun essai pour un seul puits reflètent un changement rapide des valeurs moyennes proximales pondérées tandis que le rabattement à un temps tardif reflète les conditions stabilisées et la moyenne spatiale jusquà une distance considérable du puits de pompage.

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Mechanisms and pathways of lateral flow on aspen‐forested,Luvisolic soils,Western Boreal Plains,Alberta, Canada     

Todd Redding  Kevin Devito 《水文研究》2010,24(21):2995-3010

Rainfall simulation experiments by Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) on two adjacent plots of contrasting antecedent soil moisture storage on an aspen‐forested hillslope on the Boreal Plain showed that lateral flow generation occurred only once large soil storage capacity was saturated combined with a minimum event precipitation of 15–20 mm. This paper extends the results of Redding and Devito ( 2008 , Hydrological Processes 23: 4287–4300) with detailed analysis of pore pressure, soil moisture and tracer data from the rainfall simulation experiments, which is used to identify lateral flow generation mechanisms and flow pathways. Lateral flow was not generated until soils were wet into the fine textured C horizon. Lateral flow occurred dominantly through the clay‐rich Bt horizon by way of root channels. Lateral flow during the largest event was dominated by event water, and precipitation intensity was critical in lateral flow generation. Lateral flow was initiated as preferential flow near the soil surface into root channels, followed by development of a perched water table at depth, which also interacted with preferential flow pathways to move water laterally by the transmissivity feedback mechanism. The results indicate that lateral flow generated by rainfall on these hillslopes is uncommon because of the generally high available soil moisture storage capacity and the low probability of rainfall events of sufficient magnitude and intensity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

红外窗区大气透过率的测量   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张广顺  张玉香 《应用气象学报》1993,4(2):212-217

文章主要介绍了红外窗区太阳光谱测量的实验装置，观测方法和数据处理方法。处理了2390—3470 cm-1和750—1300 cm-1区域内的太阳光谱资料，得到了它们的大气透过率数据，并对处理结果进行了初步分析。我们认为这些大气透过率对气象卫星遥感仪器红外窗区通道选择和卫星气象资料反演等都是有用的。  相似文献   

Investigation of permeable fracture zones by tube-wave analysis     

Y. D. Li  W. Rabbel  R. Wang 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,116(3):739-753

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两种中层大气测风雷达探测原理简介   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张培昌 《山东气象》2003,23(4):1-4

介绍了中频测风雷达和非相干固态激光测风雷达探测60～100km高度内中层大气风场时产生回波的机制、测风的基本原理，以及雷达系统的组成情况。测定该高度内的风场对于发射人造卫星、航天器和洲际导弹等均有重要的意义，也是作空间天气预报的重要气象参数。  相似文献   

A general solution for tide‐induced groundwater fluctuation in an estuarine‐coastal confined and unconfined aquifer system          下载免费PDF全文

Hsi‐Ting Fang  Yih‐Chi Tan  Mo‐Hsiung Chuang  Kai‐Yuan Ke  Po‐Chia Chen 《水文研究》2018,32(14):2239-2253

This paper presents an analytical solution to tide‐induced head fluctuations in a two‐dimensional estuarine‐coastal aquifer system that consists of an unconfined aquifer and a heterogeneous confined aquifer extending under a tidal river with a semipermeable layer between them. This study considers the joint effects of tidal‐river leakage, inland leakage, dimensionless transmissivity between the tidal‐river and inland confined aquifer, and transmissivity anisotropic ratios. The analytical solution for this model is obtained via the separation of variables method. Three existing solutions related to head fluctuation in one‐ or two‐dimensional leaky confined aquifers are considered as special cases in the present solution. This study shows that there is a threshold of tidal‐river confined aquifer length. When the tidal‐river length is greater than the threshold length, the inland head fluctuations remain sensitive to the leakage effect but become insensitive to the tidal‐river width and dimensionless transmissivity. Considering leakage and transmissivity anisotropy, this study also demonstrates that at a location farther from the river–inland boundary, head fluctuations increase with increasing leakage and transmissivity anisotropy; the maximum head fluctuation occurs when leakage and transmissivity anisotropy are both at their maximum values. The combined action of the 3 effects of loading, tidal‐river aquifer leakage, and inland aquifer leakage differs significantly according to various aquifer parameters. The analytical solution in this paper can be applied to demonstrate the behaviours of the head fluctuations of an estuarine‐coastal aquifer system, and the head fluctuations can be clearly described when the tidal and hydrogeological parameters are derived from field measurement data or hypothetical cases.  相似文献   

Identification of aquifer parameters from residual drawdowns: an optimization approach     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1139-1148

Abstract

An optimization method based on nonlinear least squares is proposed for the identification of aquifer transmissivity and two storage coefficients, one for the pumping phase and the other for the recovery phase, using only residual drawdowns at an observation well. The method is applicable irrespective of whether pumping and recovery storage coefficients are the same or are different and the argument of well function during recovery is less than or greater than 0.01. The method can check for the changed value of storage coefficient during the recovery phase and can quantify this change. Use of the method is illustrated through examples, which show that the parameters are estimated reliably.  相似文献   

岩体裂隙中渗流场有限元随机模拟分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李守巨  刘迎曦  冯文文  霍趁方 《岩土力学》2009,30(7):2119-2125

采用有限元方法数值,模拟了开度随机分布裂隙中的渗流场问题。根据给定的裂隙开度均值和标准差,随机分布生成有限元模型中的单元裂隙开度,模型中的材料参数和单元属性用ANSYS中的APDL参数化语言赋值。根据有限元随机模拟断面的流量分布和稳态渗流问题的达西定律,计算在不同裂隙开度标准差条件下的等效导水系数,研究等效导水系数与裂隙粗糙度之间的关系。数值模拟结果表明,与光滑平直的裂隙相对比,在裂隙平均开度为常数、开度随机正态分布的条件下,表面粗糙裂隙的等效导水系数略有降低;对于裂隙平均开度为0.5 mm的裂隙模型,裂隙开度标准差从0.01 mm变化到 0.2 mm,其等效导水系数变化小于5 %。传统的渗流控制方程无法精确描述地下水在粗糙裂隙中的流动特征,因为在压力水头的定义中忽略了速度项。  相似文献   

不同侧压力系数下裂隙网络岩体非线性渗流特性     

尹乾  靖洪文  刘日成  苏海健  蔚立元  王迎超 《岩土力学》2019,40(2):592-600

基于人工裂隙网络模型,展开一系列不同边界荷载作用下含不同交叉点个数的裂隙网络渗流试验。针对所有试验工况,模型进水口水压力范围均为0～0.6 MPa,侧压力系数均由1.0增加至5.0。试验结果表明：裂隙网络体积流速和水力梯度之间的相关性可以通过Forchheimer函数进行拟合,拟合方程中线性和非线性项系数均随着侧压力系数的增加逐渐增大,而随着裂隙网络交叉点个数的增加逐渐减小;渗流试验过程中,非线性效应系数E和水力梯度J之间的相关性可采用一个幂指数函数进行描述,随着水力梯度的增加,非线性效应系数逐渐增大;随着侧压力系数的增加,裂隙网络临界水力梯度呈现逐渐增大的趋势,对于所有裂隙网络交叉点个数（1～12）,当侧压力系数由1.0增加至5.0,临界水力梯度由0.63～12.13增加至6.01～81.55;提出数学模型 对归一化导水系数 随水力梯度的增大而减小的特征进行分析,随着侧压力系数的增加,两者之间的拟合曲线逐渐上移,拟合系数 整体呈现逐渐增大的趋势。裂隙网络的等效渗透系数随侧压力系数的增加逐渐降低。  相似文献