白洋淀流域地下水更新速率   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁瑞强  龙西亭  王鹏  王仕琴  宋献方 《地理科学进展》2015,34(3)

受到水库拦蓄、抽水灌溉等人类活动的影响,白洋淀流域平原区河流断流,非承压含水层逐渐被疏干。下游的白洋淀无法得到河流和地下水的补给,时刻面临干涸。鉴于白洋淀对区域生态环境和气候有重要的影响,多次实施调水补淀工程。然而,白洋淀渗漏严重,调水补淀的效果不理想。为了保护白洋淀,亟需恢复地下水的可持续性,这首先需要查明地下水的更新能力。2009年,对白洋淀流域平原区地下水进行实地调查,并采集采集地表水和地下水水样共36个,分析其氚含量。利用线性插值法、吴秉钧法和连炎清法恢复了该地区降水氚含量的历史数据,结合数学物理模型估算了非承压地下水的更新能力。结果表明,氚含量较高的白洋淀水渗漏使得周边地下水氚含量增高。总体上,沿山区到淀区的方向非承压地下水更新速率逐渐由15.0%/a降低至4.0%/a。山前平原冲洪积扇区域是非承压地下水的主要补给区,平均更新速率达9.8%/a。冲积平原区域非承压地下水的平均更新速率仅为4.4%/a。为此,需要限制在冲积平原区域开采非承压地下水,以逐步恢复其更新速率,使其重新补给白洋淀。地下水的恢复过程可能较慢,但可从根本上解决调水补淀无法解决的干淀问题。  相似文献   

Water transit times and flow paths from two line injections of 3H and 36Cl in a microcatchment at Gårdsjön,Sweden     

Lars Nyberg  Allan Rodhe  Kevin Bishop 《水文研究》1999,13(11):1557-1575

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额济纳盆地浅层地下水演化特征与滞留时间研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

苏永红  朱高峰  冯起  常宗强  司建华  席海洋  曹生奎 《干旱区地理》2009,32(4)

以地球化学和氚(3H)同位素测年技术相结合,通过额济纳盆地地下水、地表水地球化学及同位素的研究,探讨中国西北干旱区内陆河流域下游盆地地下水地球化学演化规律和平均滞留年龄.额济纳盆地浅层地下水状况主要受地表水补给状况的影响,离河道近的水样矿化度低;而离河道较远的戈壁区,地下水矿化度高.水体化学成分主要受岩盐、石膏、白云石等矿物的溶解及蒸发作用的影响.通过利用指数-活塞模型流模型(EPM),计算出额济纳浅层地下水年龄在13～58年之间.  相似文献   

用氚讨论中国西部新疆干旱区的水循环率     

北纲豪一  S. Horiuchi  M. Watanabe  奥田节夫 《湖泊科学》1998,10(S1):563-578

Tritium concentrations are used to trace water circulation in the Urumqi and Turfan basins in the Xinjiang, western China. Tritium analyses were made for 77 water samples of river waters, groundwaters, spring waters, lake waters and glacier ice collected in summers in 1992 and 1994. The tritium concentrations in the waters are in a wide range from 0 to 125 TU, most of which are considerably high compared with those of most waters in Japan, because tritium levels in precipitation in the area are over ten times as high as those in Japan. River waters originating in glacier regions contain melt glacier, the proportion of which is over 0.5 to river water. The mean resi-dence time of circulating meteoric water in the mountain regions is estimated to be about 15 years. Most groundwaters and spring waters in the flat regions are mainly derived from river waters originating in glacier regions. The groundwater of greatest tritium concentrations in wells in Urumqi City is derived from Urumqi River about 25 years ago. It takes several ten years for river water to pass the underground to many springs. Some groundwaters and spring waters have taken a long time more than 40 years to travel under the ground. Enrichment of tritium in lake water by evaporation is considered to estimate the contribution of groundwater flow to the recharge of lake. Various contributions of groundwater to lakes are inferred for the various type of salinity in closed or semi-closed lakes. The inflow rates of groundwater to salt lakes are small as against fresh water lakes.  相似文献   

电解富集-液体闪烁计数法测量北极海水中氚活度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林峰  于涛  余雯  倪甲林  林莉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(9):73-77

A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was established. The different factors influencing the detection limit were studied, including the counting time, the electrolytic volume of the seawater samples, the selection of background water, scintillation solution and their ratio. After optimizing the parameters and electrolyzing 350 mL volume of samples, the detection limit of the method was as low as 0.10 Bq/L. In order to test the optimization of system for this method, of the 84 seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean we measured, 92% were above the detection limit(the activity of this samples ranged from 0.10 Bq/L to 1.44 Bq/L with an average of(0.30±0.24) Bq/L).In future research, if we need to accurately measure the tritium activity in samples, the volume of the electrolytic samples will be increased to further reduce the minimum detectable activity.  相似文献   

Vadose zone tritium tracer test to estimate aquifer recharge from irrigated areas     

J. Jiménez‐Martínez  K. Tamoh  L. Candela 《水文研究》2013,27(22):3150-3158

Environmental tracers, such as tritium, have generally been used to estimate aquifer recharge under natural conditions. A tritium tracer test is presented for estimating recharge under semi‐arid and irrigated conditions. The test was performed along 429 days (June 2007–August 2008) on an experimental plot located in SE Spain with drip irrigation and annual row crops (rotation of lettuce and melon), in which common agricultural practices were followed in open air. Tritiated water was sprinkled (simulated rainfall) over the plot, soil cores were taken at different depths and a liquid scintillation analyzer was used to measure tritium concentration in soil water samples. Tritium transport, as liquid or vapor phase, was simulated with the one‐dimensional numerical code SOLVEG. Simulations show that the crop water use was below potential levels, despite regular irrigation. Continuous high water content in soil promoted a great impact of rainfall events on the aquifer recharge. The results obtained from tritium tracer test have been compared with other independent recharge assessment, soil water balance method, to evaluate the reliability of the first one. Total recharge from tracer test was 476 mm for the October 2007–September 2008 period versus 561 mm from soil water balance method for the same period, which represents 37.1% and 43.7% of the applied water (1284 mm, irrigation + precipitation), respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Groundwater regimes and isotopic studies,Ranger mine area,Northern Territory     

M. Ahmad  D. C. Green 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):391-399

Three types of groundwater occur in the area of the Ranger mine. Type A groundwater occurs in the loose sands and gravels occupying the present day stream channels, Type B in the weathering profile and Type C occurs in relatively fresh fractured bedrock occupying open fractures and other cavities. The three types of groundwater can be distinguished both chemically and isotopically. Light stable isotope data suggest that most early rains are lost by evapotranspiration and have no imprint on the groundwater. Later in the wet season, the ground is saturated and groundwater recharge occurs on a regional scale. This younger groundwater sits on the older waters. Mixing is probably minimal as before any large scale mixing could occur, most younger waters are lost by evapotranspiration. Stable isotope data suggest that Type B groundwater in certain areas has some connection with evaporated surface water bodies. Stable isotope measurements for the pollution monitoring bores around the tailings dam do not indicate any connection with the polluted pond waters at the time of sample collection.  相似文献   

电解浓缩-液闪仪计数法分析天然水中氚含量的影响因素   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

张向阳 《岩矿测试》2005,24(2):109-111

文章对在电解浓缩液闪计数法分析天然水中氚含量的复杂分析系统中,蒸馏、称重、电解、计数等每一过程中的影响因素进行了分析讨论。  相似文献   

松辽高平原地下水年龄：公主岭附近同位素水文地质剖面研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马明章 《吉林地质》1993,12(3):46-52

本文运用稳定同位素δD、δ~(13)O阐述了公主岭一带地下水成因,并根据水文地质条件和稳定同位素混合模型,采用放射性同位素~3H、~(14)C计算出地下水在含水层中平均滞留年龄。通过分析,对天然状态下和长期开采条件下地下水循环周期也提出了新认识。因此,公主岭一带地下水同位素年龄的研究,对山前高平原各城镇开辟供水水源地具有重要的生产实践意义。  相似文献   

Framvaren and the Black Sea – Similarities and Differences     

David W. Dyrssen 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(1):59-73

The following determinations in the Norwegian fjord Framvaren and the Black Sea have been compared: carbon-14, carbon-13, alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon, sulfide, tritium (HTO), trace metals, silica, ammonium and phosphate. The historical development of the two anoxic basins is quite different. The carbon-14 age of the total inorganic dissolved carbonate in the deep water is 2000 years in the Black Sea, but only 1600 in Framvaren. The fresh water supply and composition are different. The rivers entering the Black Sea have a high alkalinity, but the river input and runoff to Framvaren has a very low alkalinity. The alkalinity, carbonate and sulfide concentrations in the anoxic waters below the chemoclines are much higher in Framvaren. This is mainly an effect of the different surface to volume ratios. The difference in carbon-13 (-8 for the Black Sea deep water, -19 in the Framvaren bottom water) is mainly due to the smaller imprint of the decomposition of organic matter on the Black Sea deep water.The concentration of trace metals in the particulate form are about the same in the deep water. About 76% of the molybdate in seawater is lost in the sulfidic water of Framvaren, and about 82–96% of the molybdate carried into the Black Sea by the Bosporus undercurrent is lost in the deep water. The relation between silica, ammonium and phosphate can be understood if part of the ammonium is being removed by denitrification, a process that most likely has been going on for thousands of years.  相似文献