冲绳海槽地区地震潜在海啸对中国东南沿海的影响研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘双庆  朱元清  梁明剑  董非非 《地震学报》2012,34(3):283-295

采用球坐标系下非线性浅水波方程, 研究日本本州M9.0大地震引发的海啸对中国东南沿海的影响, 并计算了冲绳海槽构造带上3个不同段落可能发生潜在地震引发的海啸, 分析这些海啸与日本大海啸的浪高和走时关系. 结果表明, 日本地震海啸模拟结果与日本当地报道及中国东南沿海7个验潮站的报道结果相符. 冲绳海槽构造带中段可能发生的3次不同震级（M7.0, M7.5, M8.0）潜在地震引发的海啸到达中国东南沿海的时间比日本海啸提前约4个小时, 从震源区传播3个多小时即可到达华东沿海部分验潮站. 冲绳海槽M7.5潜在地震海啸在验潮站上计算的波高与日本海啸相当, 中冲绳海槽M8.0潜在地震海啸在大陈站的波高将超过0.9 m, 在坎门站波高将超过1.8 m. 北冲绳海槽的潜在地震海啸威胁主要集中在江苏盐城、 上海一带, 南冲绳海啸主要对台湾东北部和浙江沿海产生威胁. 本文对冲绳海槽构造带上潜在地震引发海啸的模拟结果, 可为中国东南沿海地区的防震减灾、 海啸预警提供有意义的参考.   相似文献   

2018/2019年冬季浙江罕见持续阴雨天气的环流异常与海温强迫     

钱卓蕾  罗玲  马洁华  钱月平  娄小芬 《气候与环境研究》2020,25(5):510-520

利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料、地面观测资料和自动站降水资料,分析了2018/2019年冬季浙江罕见连续阴雨寡照天气过程中冬季风环流和南支槽等环流异常,并从西风带波动、海温强迫等方面研究了局地环流异常的成因。结果表明:2018/2019年冬季连阴雨事件中雨日、日照破历史记录,雨量较常年同期明显偏多。主要的环流异常为西北太平洋异常反气旋（WNPAC）明显偏北,同时阿留申低压和西伯利亚高压亦偏北,东亚地区40°N以南有强的偏南风异常,冬季风偏弱;南支槽较常年偏强,保证了浙江上空有持续的水汽和扰动输送。对流层中层存在沿欧洲向东亚—西太平洋传播的波动能量,波能在东亚地区一直向南传播至20°N以南,可能导致WNPAC明显北抬和南支槽加强。ENSO是WNPAC的重要强迫源,ENSO暖位相使得海洋性大陆出现异常对流冷却,而浙江上空对流加强,ENSO对南支槽活动强度亦有明显的制约作用。中国近海海温偏高是WNPAC和阿留申低压明显偏北的重要影响因素。2018/2019年冬季局地环流异常可能由ENSO和中国近海海温协同强迫所致。  相似文献   

South Asian high and Asian-Pacific-American climate teleconnection   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Peiqun ZHANG  Song YANG  Vernon E.KOUSKY 《大气科学进展》2005,22(6):915-923

Growing evidence indicates that the Asian monsoon plays an important role in affecting the weather and climate outside of Asia. However, this active role of the monsoon has not been demonstrated as thoroughly as has the variability of the monsoon caused by various impacting factors such as sea surface temperature and land surface. This study investigates the relationship between the Asian monsoon and the climate anomalies in the Asian-Pacific-American （APA） sector. A hypothesis is tested that the variability of the upper-tropospheric South Asian high （SAH）, which is closely associated with the overall heating of the large-scale Asian monsoon, is linked to changes in the subtropical western Pacific high （SWPH）, the midPacific trough, and the Mexican high. The changes in these circulation systems cause variability in surface temperature and precipitation in the APA region. A stronger SAH is accompanied by a stronger and more extensive SWPH. The enlargement of the SWPH weakens the mid-Pacific trough. As a result, the southern portion of the Mexican high becomes stronger. These changes are associated with changes in atmospheric teleconnections, precipitation, and surface temperature throughout the APA region. When the SAH is stronger, precipitation increases in southern Asia, decreases over the Pacific Ocean, and increases over the Central America. Precipitation also increases over Australia and central Africa and decreases in the Mediterranean region. While the signals in surface temperature are weak over the tropical land portion, they are apparent in the mid latitudes and over the eastern Pacific Ocean.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽南段与中、北段构造活动性对比的热模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

孟林  张训华  温珍河  孟祥君  王明健 《地球物理学报》2016,59(9):3302-3317

受新生代太平洋板块弧后扩张剧烈活动的地缘特性影响,冲绳海槽构造特征复杂,南、中、北段在热液活动、断裂性质、火成岩特性、扩张时代等方面存在显著不同,因此认识该区各段构造活动性对查清其复杂地质特征具有重要意义.本文依据前人通过磁异常反演得到的居里面深度资料,利用热模拟的方法,对冲绳海槽各段深、浅构造活动性进行了探讨.模拟结果表明,南段软流层构造活动强度约为中、北段的6倍,而岩石圈浅层构造活动却相对较弱.该结论与前人所得到的地质地球物理资料相符,主要表现为:相对于中、北段,南段在海槽总体演化历程上裂陷较深;海底火成岩岩浆源区较深,结晶分异程度较弱,同化混染程度较强;切穿沉积基底的大型断裂较为发育,而沉积层内部的小型断裂分布相对稀疏;沉积层岩浆侵入活动较弱,海底所呈现出的热液活动区数量较少;现代地震活动较多,震源深度较大.根据模拟结果与实际资料的对比分析我们可以推测:(1)冲绳海槽北段可能还有一些热液区没有被探测到,也可能在历史演化进程中失去活力,或者被第四系沉积物覆盖;(2)南段存在孕育更多热液活动区的潜力.  相似文献   

Gas hydrate saturation at Site C0002, IODP Expeditions 314 and 315, in the Kumano Basin,Nankai trough     

Ayumu Miyakawa  Saneatsu Saito  Yasuhiro Yamada  Hitoshi Tomaru  Masataka Kinoshita  Takeshi Tsuji 《Island Arc》2014,23(2):142-156

The degree of gas hydrate saturation at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin, Nankai Trough, was estimated from logging‐while‐drilling logs and core samples obtained during IODP Expeditions 314 and 315. Sediment porosity data necessary for the calculation of saturation were obtained from both core samples and density logs. Two forms of the Archie equation (‘quick‐look’ and ‘standard’) were used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from two types of electrical resistivity log data (ring resistivity and bit resistivity), and a three‐phase Biot‐type equation was used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from P‐wave velocity log data. The gas hydrate saturation baseline calculated from both resistivity logs ranges from 0% to 35%, and that calculated from the P‐wave velocity log ranges from 0% to 30%. High levels of gas hydrate saturation (>60%) are present as spikes in the ring resistivity log and correspond to the presence of gas hydrate concentrations within sandy layers. At several depths, saturation values obtained from P‐wave velocity data are lower than those obtained from bit resistivity data; this discrepancy is related to the presence of free gas at these depths. Previous research has suggested that gas from deep levels in the Kumano Basin has migrated up‐dip towards the southern and seaward edge of the basin near Site C0002. The high saturation values and presence of free gas at site C0002 suggest that a large gas flux is flowing to the southern and seaward edge of the basin from a deeper and/or more landward part of the Kumano Basin, with the southern edge of the Kumano Basin (the location of site C0002) being the main area of fluid accumulation.  相似文献   

冬季中东急流对中国西南地区覆冰形成的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曲巧娜  李栋梁  熊海星 《大气科学》2012,36(1):195-203

采用西南地区 (25°N～35°N, 95°E～110°E) 96个常规气象观测站1961年1月1日～2009年12月31日逐日气象要素资料, 利用同时满足地面日最低气温在-10～1 ℃、 相对湿度大于80%、 日照时数小于等于2个小时这三个条件, 计算1月中国西南地区覆冰日数。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料, 分析大气环流特征。结果表明: 强覆冰年时欧亚地区500 hPa高度距平场为 “北高南低”、 中高纬地区 “西高东低”、 中低纬地区“西低东高” 的形势, 乌拉尔山高压脊、 里海东部低压槽、 副热带高压均偏强, 有利于冷暖空气在西南地区强烈交汇, 是西南地区形成覆冰的基本条件; 冬季中东急流强, 则有利于西南地区覆冰的形成, 相关最好的区域位于四川—云南—贵州三省交界处、 贵州省大部分地区、 云南省北部与西藏东南部交界处、 陕西省西南部以及川西二郎山附近, 这些均是最易发生严重覆冰的区域; 500 hPa中亚低槽活动, 将中东急流变化与西南地区覆冰强弱紧密的联系了起来; 前期12月北大西洋百慕大群岛附近海表温度的异常偏低是1月中东急流异常偏强的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

平流层极涡偏移对我国冬季降水的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

熊光明  陈权亮  魏麟骁  胡德强 《应用气象学报》2012,23(6):683-690

利用1970—2010年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、我国160站月平均降水资料分析了平流层极涡向欧亚大陆偏移与我国冬季降水的关系。结果表明:1月极涡偏欧亚大陆强度指数与同期1月降水的显著正相关区域主要分布在我国中部大面积地区及新疆西南部的少数地区,显著负相关区域主要分布在新疆中部;相对1月而言,与后期2月显著正相关区域仍然主要分布在我国的中部地区但向西北方向延伸,使得华中北部、华北南部相对减少,而华北西部、西北东部等地区增大。对流层环流形势显示出在欧亚型强极涡年的1月,东亚冬季风和东亚大槽异常减弱,我国内陆中东部东南风距平显著,而贝加尔湖北部北风距平显著,南下的冷空气与暖湿气流交汇地区较常年偏北,同时我国中部地区低层水汽向上传播也明显增强,存在显著的水汽强辐合中心。  相似文献   

引发四川盆地东部暴雨的西南低涡结构特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江玉华  杜钦  赵大军  何跃  李江 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1562-1573

利用1951-2008年四川盆地(27°-32°N,105°-110°E)54个地面气象观测站网监测的日雨量资料,分析了四川盆地东部暴雨发生的气候特征。结果表明,四川盆地东部暴雨(或伴有雷雨大风、冰雹大风等)多发生在6-9月,川东北和渝东北是单站暴雨的高发区,重庆西部是大范围暴雨的多发区;引发四川盆地东部(宜宾、南充和重庆西部)暴雨的主要天气系统是西南低涡。对2007-2010年6次西南低涡暴雨过程进行了合成分析,分析表明,西南低涡热力结构特征具有200hPa存在明显增暖现象,对流层中低层则由暖转冷;西南低涡初期大气对流性不稳定明显;西南低涡动力结构特征具有200hPa西风急流在36°N附近,500hPa低槽东移,槽前正涡度加强,从对流层底垂直伸展到300hPa以上,正涡度中心随高度向西倾斜,850～500hPa平均正涡度大值区与低涡中心对应,对流层中低层北风大值区与南风大值区在低涡中心附近形成强水平风切变,同时低涡中心附近的垂直风切变也较明显。促使西南低涡发展的水汽主要来自南海,低空急流由南向北输送水汽,将对流层低层到大气边界层内的水汽输送到低涡中心附近。西南低涡发生、发展过程中在红外卫星云图上具有MCC等中-α尺度特征,发展强盛的西南低涡在多普勒天气雷达回波上有"列车效应"和中气旋特征。  相似文献   

Structural evolution of the Téfidet trough (East Aïr,Niger) in relation with the West African Cretaceous and Paleogene rifting and compression episodes     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(5):355-365

Located in northern Niger, the NW–SE Téfidet trough is the western branch of the Ténéré rift megasystem.Here we present a tectono-sedimentary analysis of the Téfidet trough, based on the combined use of satellite imagery, field observations and measures, and available literature. We use these data to analyse the sedimentary facies and the tectonic deformations (faults, folds, basins) in the Téfidet trough, and derive their relative chronology. Doing so, we characterize synrift and postrift deformations and their interactions with sedimentation.Altogether our analyses suggest that the Téfidet trough was affected from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene by three major tectonic periods.

• •The first period was a rifting stage with extension and transtension during the Albian–Aptian times. The mean extension was ∼N60° and dominantly produced NW–SE-trending normal faults, a few strike-slip faults locally associated with small folds with sigmoidal axis and small reverse faults, and progressive unconformities.
• •the second period was also a rifting time, which prevailed during the Upper Cretaceous. The regime was marked by transtensional to extensional tectonics, under a ∼N130° shortening and a ∼N60° trending stretching. The end of this period saw the closure of the Téfidet trough.
• •the third period was a postrift stage. It was characterized by a ∼N70° extensional to transtensional regime during the Oligocene–Pliocene. It mainly produced post-sedimentary extensional faults and fractures and alkaline volcanism. We eventually discuss these deformation phases in relation with the Cretaceous Gondwana breakup and its related rifting events in West and North Africa, and with the subsequent Africa–Europe collision.

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一次槽后"湿"对流风暴的中尺度分析   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

刘勇  张科翔 《高原气象》2005,24(2):247-254

对2002年8月5口发生在陕西境内一次槽后“湿”对流风暴过程进行了中尺度分析．结果表明：500hPa槽后冷平流是这次过程的直接影响系统;850hPa能量锋区和高能区提供了能鼙和强位势不稳定区;南海“北冕”台风和高原东侧副热带高压为此次过程提供了充沛的水汽,中、低空水汽通量超常;高、低空急流耦合产生的次级环流提供了持续强劲的上升运动;地面中尺度涡旋发展、合并及扩散是次级环流部分上升支演变过程的具体反映;产生强刈流风暴的块状回波强度为45～55dBz,高度为12～14km。  相似文献