China’s metropolises in transformation: neoliberalizing politics,land commodification,and uneven development in Beijing     

George C. S. Lin  Amy Y. Zhang 《Urban geography》2017,38(5):643-665

ABSTRACT

Existing theory of urban transformation under neoliberalization describes cities as the institutional arena in and through which neoliberal strategies of urbanism emanate and are contested. Emphasis is placed on the interaction between state and market without paying adequate attention to their internal dynamics. This study of urban transformation in the Beijing metropolis identifies a distinct trajectory whereby commodification of urban land has been actively pursued in response to the decentralization of developmental responsibilities and recentralization of tax revenue collection instituted by the central state. An urban development strategy is practiced whereby land commodification, city planning, and mega event hosting are integrated and mutually reinforcing. The research shows a pattern of land commodification and development dominated by newly developed construction land in the near suburbs, and reveals a picture of increased spatial inequality and intensified social discontent as a consequence of city-centered land development. Contrary to popular perception of the state and market as diametrically opposed principles of political organization, the Chinese state is found to have transformed and reshuffled itself to embrace and take advantage of the market for its developmental agenda.  相似文献   

深海采矿扬矿泵导叶区域粗颗粒通过特性试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡超  邱灏  曹斌  夏建新 《海洋工程》2016,34(2):64-70

在深海采矿系统中,海底矿石必须经过扬矿泵才能提升到海面船上,但矿石粒径较粗,容易在泵体中形成堵塞,尤其是在扬矿泵导叶区域,因此,研究粗粒在导叶中的运动特性对于保障系统安全工作具有重要意义。针对深海矿物粒径较大的特点,设计并制作了具有宽流道的扬矿泵流道模型,安装于管道输送试验系统。利用高速摄像机对扬矿泵导叶内粗颗粒运动特性进行了记录,并对其运动轨迹、碰撞情况以及颗粒速度等信息进行了分析。结果表明:颗粒在通过导叶区域时,运动轨迹与水流流向基本一致;颗粒与导叶发生碰撞位置主要集中于导叶背面入口处、导叶压力面中部和导叶背面出口处;颗粒粒径越小,跟随性越好,碰撞次数越少。试验结果可为扬矿电泵设计提供参考。  相似文献   

反差一致性改进的MASK匀光算法     

张振  朱宝山  朱述龙 《测绘学院学报》2010,(1)

航空影像中存在的不均匀光照现象是遥感影像处理中要解决的一个重要问题。现有的MASK匀光处理技术能够在一定程度上解决这类问题。但是经过MASK匀光处理后的图像存在反差不均匀现象,即原始图像中较暗区域经过匀光后明显地表现出反差较低,而亮的区域则反差较大。针对此不足,提出了一种基于反差一致性改进的MASK匀光算法。实验证明,该方法能够迅速提高暗区域反差,抑制亮区域反差,达到整体影像的反差一致性,获得更好的匀光效果。  相似文献   

可控式海底取样器的结构及工作原理--海底取样技术介绍之三     

补家武  鄢泰宁  补生蓉 《地质科技情报》2000,19(4):100-104

介绍了多种型号的冲击打入式和振动式海底取器的结构、工作原理和性能参数,并阐述了远距离空联样器、自动化联样器和水下微型取样器等３种回转式海底取样器的控制方式,结构形成和性能参数。  相似文献   

海底视像图像的灰度不均匀校正方法的研究     

金淑英  包更生  马洪超  申屠海港 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2000,25(6):531-536

点光源照射的亮度不均匀使获得的海底视像图像的灰度分布极不均匀 ,给海底多金属结核矿物的颗粒自动识别、粒径测量、储量的计算带来误差。本文针对点光源照射的多金属结核海底视像图像 ,提出了 3种方法进行灰度不均匀校正 ,并作了比较。实验结果表明 ,统计原图灰度值的二维分布特性 ,用二阶三次多项式函数拟合此灰度分布 ,再逐像元进行灰度位伸的方法能更有效地消除点光源对海底视像图像灰度的影响。  相似文献   

The bubble bursts for cavitation in natural rivers: laboratory experiments reveal minor role in bedrock erosion          下载免费PDF全文

Paul A. Carling  Mauricio Perillo  Jim Best  Marcelo H. Garcia 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(9):1308-1316

The erosion of rock‐bedded channels generally is considered a slow process caused mainly by abrasion due to bedload or suspended sediments, but the mechanisms of rapid erosion remain unclear. Cavitation is a clear‐fluid erosive process, well known for its effect on engineering structures, when water vapour bubbles collapse and the resultant pressure shocks erode the boundary. However, although the occurrence of cavitation erosion in natural watercourses has long been a matter of debate, as yet there are no incontrovertible examples of cavitation damage to natural river beds. Using flume experiments, we show for the first time that only weakly‐cavitating clear‐water flows can occur for the range of flow velocities observed in rivers, and these do not erode medium‐hardness rocks after 68 hours. During this time period, only a very soft rock featured erosional marks due to dissolution. Thus, our results cast significant doubt on the likelihood of identifying cavitation damage in most rivers, and provide pointers to those river systems that might be investigated further to identify cavitation erosion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Clast abrasion of a rock shore platform on the Atlantic coast of Ireland          下载免费PDF全文

Niamh Danielle Cullen  Mary Carol Bourke 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(12):2627-2641

The abrasion of coastal rock platforms by individual or clusters of clasts during transport has not been quantitatively assessed. We present a study which identifies the types of abrasion and quantifies erosion due to the transport of clasts during three storms in February and March 2016. We explore relationships between platform roughness, determined by the fractal dimension (D) of the topographic profiles, geomorphic controls and the type and frequency of abrasion feature observed. Clast transport experiments were undertaken in conjunction with the measurement of wave energy to assess transport dynamics under summer and winter (non‐storm) conditions. Platform abrasion occurred extensively during the storms. We identify two types of clast abrasion trails: simple and complex. In addition, we find two forms of erosion occur on these trails: Scratch marks and Percussion marks. An estimated 13.6 m² of the platform surface was eroded by clast abrasion on simple abrasion trails during the three storms. We attribute approximately two thirds of this to scratch‐type abrasion. The total volume of material removed by abrasion was 67 808 cm³. Despite the larger surface area affected by scratch marks, we find that the volume of material removed through percussion impact was almost seven times greater. We also find that the type and frequency of abrasion features is strongly influenced by the effect of platform morphometry on transport mode, with impact‐type abrasion dominating areas of higher platform roughness. Results of the clast transport experiments indicate that abrasion occurs under non‐storm wave energy conditions with observable geomorphological effects. We suggest that abrasion by clasts is an important component of platform erosion on high energy Atlantic coastlines, particularly over longer timescales, and that the morphogenetic link between the cliff and the platform is important in this context as the sediment supplied by the cliff is used to abrade the platform. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新型仿生PDC齿高效切削机理及试验研究     

刘婧  高科  徐小健  李梦 《探矿工程》2013,40(12):5-8

利用仿生耦合理论,根据贝壳和蝼蛄等动植物的非光滑形态结构研制了一种新型的仿生PDC齿,并利用有限元软件abaqus对单个齿磨损前后的运动过程进行分析,与普通PDC齿的应力分布状态进行对比,可以看出,在同等条件下,非光滑PDC切削齿的应力大小及分布情况要明显优于普通的PDC切削齿,具有良好的碎岩效果。此外还对这2种切削齿进行了磨耗比试验,试验结果进一步证明了仿生PDC齿具有一定的优越性。  相似文献   

A COMPUTER SOLUTION FOR DETERMINING STUDENT MIGRATION∗     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):249-254

Western investment and trade in East-Central Europe is likely to play a key role in the economic fortunes of the region over the next decade. Currently, the capital cities and the western parts of Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary are the primary beneficiaries of economic interaction with the West. As such, existing regional inequalities are being reinforced. Deepening regional socioeconomic disparities within individual states could complicate the economic restructuring process and jeopardize state stability in the years ahead.  相似文献   

Impacts of forest structure on precipitation interception and run‐off generation in a semiarid region in northern China          下载免费PDF全文

Jiakai Liu  Zhenming Zhang  Mingxiang Zhang 《水文研究》2018,32(15):2362-2376

Water resource scarcity and uneven distribution are 2 major environmental issues in China today. Forest structure is a dominant factor that influences hydrological processes, but the specific interactions remain uncertain due to the predominant use of individual or 1‐dimensional forest structure metrics in previous studies. In this study, forest structures in 8 run‐off plots on Mount Miaofeng in north China were parameterized by metrics of different dimensionalities. The relation between canopy interception and forest structure, shrub/litter interception, and forest structure as well as run‐off and forest structure were analysed by regression method and validated by leave‐one‐out cross test. The results showed that canopy interception rates ranged from less than 0.10 all the way to 0.80, affected by forest structure and precipitation, with interception rate decreasing logarithmically as precipitation increased. Forests with a larger canopy area (CA), leaf area index (LAI), and higher average height (H) had a narrow range of canopy interception rates, and forest with larger value of diameters at breath height (DBH), H, LAI, vertical heterogeneity coefficient (T), and structure complexity index (SCI) had higher interception rates. Forests with higher value of DBH, H, and horizontal heterogeneity coefficient (R) had higher shrub/litter interception rates on the forest floor. The run‐off coefficient was only significantly associated with LAI, T, and SCI. The validation test indicated that regression analysis of canopy interception rates and shrub interception are reliable and SCI is a key factor to influence the run‐off coefficient. However, the regression results of litter interception have a relatively large error. According to the results, to reduce the risks of the landslides and floods, forest managers should complicate the canopy and preserve trees with thicker stems and larger canopies. By contrast, to obtain more water resource from run‐off in arid regions, forest managers should harvest trees with large canopies and construct complex vertical structures by intermediate cutting.  相似文献