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991.
Meltwaters were collected in Switzerland at the border of two alpine glaciers, the Tsanfleuron glacier resting on limestones and the Tsijiore Nouve glacier flowing over gneissic rocks. Waters were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the four major cations. Cation exchange appears to be an essential mechanism in the explanation of the dissolved cationic content of meltwaters in the frontal zone of glaciers. This is indicated by a study of the rate and characteristics of water enrichment. The rate-determining step in the process seems to be film diffusion. The influence of this diffusion is put forward in an analysis of the rates of change in concentration of the four major cations with discharge. Glacier grinding is considered as a factor favouring cation exchange in a proglacial environment. 相似文献
992.
ABSTRACT The local site experience is a valuable component for the success of rock mass classification systems as tunnel design methods. The Ituango hydroelectric project is a very important source of information in order to evaluate the usefulness of the main rock mass classification systems. The objective of this research is to improve understanding of some important features of excavated rock mass, such as discontinuities, block size, shear strength and joint alteration, by analyzing some hundreds of data obtained during excavation cycle. The field study included a survey of exposures after drilling and blasting rounds. Rock mass classification and support measures for each type of terrain along 1400 m tunnel were performed. The rock mass classes could be better explained if shear strength, alteration or block size is calculated. The assessment of these data allows evaluating the block fall risk, improving support and liner. A local correlation between the RMR and Q system was also obtained. 相似文献
993.
通过大型振动台模型试验并采用Midas-GTS有限元软件进行模拟计算,研究黄土隧道洞口段在地震作用下的动力响应特征、破坏过程和地震波在模型中的传递规律,分析影响黄土隧道洞口段地震动力响应的主要因素。结果表明:边坡沿弧形开裂面的垮塌受坡脚剪切和坡顶拉裂的共同作用;边坡会对其卓越频率内的地震波产生明显放大效应,且在1/2坡高以上放大效应出现饱和现象;隧道临空面是影响隧道洞口段地震动力响应的主要因素。考虑进洞高程效应时隧道洞口段抗震设防长度可取距洞口5倍洞径范围。振动台模型试验与数值计算在位移、加速度、应力三个响应特征上吻合较好,证明二者结果合理可靠。研究成果可为隧道工程设计和地下结构抗震理论研究提供有益参考。 相似文献
994.
FLAC3D在隧道初期支护与原岩条件的"耦合"问题的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了更深入地了解施工过程联拱隧道围岩一支护结构体系的力学响应,并优化施工工序,以便在实际施工中根据具体情况和经济、技术水平调整施工步骤,对联拱隧道支护设计进行了三维模型分析。用FLAC^3D对双联拱隧道网喷混凝土初期支护设计,进行了力学响应动态分析模拟,分析了岩体支护前后围岩的变形及应力状态,对隧道围岩的稳定性和初期支护结构的安全性做出综合评判,得出了一些非常有益的结论,用以指导襄十高速公路双联拱隧道的施工,取得了较好的经济效益。 相似文献
995.
A simplified fatigue-life model is proposed for assessing the seismic inelastic rotational capacity of steel connections. First relations are developed for rigid steel connections under lateral loading. Next this is extended to account for the effects of the welded steel moment frame (WSMF) connections of the so-called pre-Northridge type. The seismic fatigue theory is validated against experimental results. The experiments were conducted under increasing ductility amplitudcs until the onset of fracture. Miner‘ rule was used to convert the test results to given an equivalent constant amplitude cyclic fatigue life. Satisfactory agreement is obtained when comparing the experimental observations with the theoretical predictions. 相似文献
996.
Dynamic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells subjected to seismic loading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The single-layer latticed cylindrical shell is one of the most widely adopted space-framed structures. In this paper, free vibration properties and dynamic response to horizontal and vertical seismic waves of single-layer latticed cylindrical shells are analyzed by the finite clement method using ANSYS software. In the numerical study, where hundreds of cases were analyzed, the parameters considered included rise-span ratio, length-span ratio, surface load and member section size. Moreover, to better define the actual behavior of single-layer latticed shells, the study is focused on the dynamic stress response to both axial forces and bending moments. Based on the numerical results, the effects of the parameters considered on the stresses are discussed and a modified seismic force coefficient method is suggested. In addition, some advice based on these rescarch results is presented to help in the future design of such structures. 相似文献
997.
目的是从非线性科学角度探讨泥沙运动的规律。通过分析非均匀沙起动的影响因素得到了尖点突变模型的状态变量和控制变量,建立了能描述推移质运动的尖点突变模型。在尖点突变标准方程的基础上,应用尖点突变理论的坐标变换和拓扑变换,导出了输沙强度和水流参数的函数关系式。将输沙强度作为状态变量,水流参数和床沙密实系数作为控制变量。用水槽实验资料和其它推移质输沙率公式进行了对比验证。验证结果表明,计算值与其它推移质输沙率公式和水槽实验结果基本相符,误差一般在-90%～80%之间。说明建立的推移质输沙率公式是合理的,能够反映泥沙的起动和输移规律。 相似文献
998.
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