试论伏牛山南坡土壤垂直分异规律——兼论亚热带北界的划分   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

马建华 《地理学报》2004,59(6):998-1011

在野外土壤调查和室内土壤理化分析的基础上,开展了伏牛山南坡土壤组成和性质垂直分异、土壤类型划分以及亚热带北界问题的讨论。研究表明：(1) 调查断面上土壤表层HA/FA随高度增加而增大,且均小于1,海拔900 m左右土壤胡敏酸的芳构化程度最低;随高度增加土壤pH和盐基饱和度先下降后上升;海拔900 m以下的土壤中均有明显的黏化层,向上土壤黏粒淋溶淀积逐渐减弱;海拔900 m以下的土壤土体风化程度高,大部分氧化物的平均迁移系数和土体淋溶率小于1,土体Saf小于5.06,淀积层游离铁含量大于20 g·kg-1,铁游离度大于40%,具有弱富铁铝作用,剖面中出现明显的铁锰新生体,而向上土体风化程度减弱,不发生富铁铝作用,剖面中不出现铁锰新生体。(2) 伏牛山南坡海拔550 m以下出现黏磐黄褐土 (饱和黏磐湿润淋溶土),550~950 m出现普通黄棕壤 (普通铁质湿润淋溶土),950~1900 m出现棕壤 (普通简育湿润淋溶土或暗沃简育湿润雏形土),1900 m以上出现暗棕壤性土或草甸暗棕壤 (暗沃冷凉湿润雏形土)。(3) 伏牛山南坡亚热带北界约在海拔950 m。  相似文献   

西太平洋副热带高压对热带 海温异常响应的研究   总被引：34，自引：5，他引：29  

应明  孙淑清 《大气科学》2000,24(2):193-206

利用多年的观测资料,研究了西太平洋副热带高压对热带海温异常的响应及其相互作用过程。着重研究冬、夏季西太平洋副高对同期及前期不同海域（特别是赤道东、西太平洋以及印度洋海域）海温异常的响应;用SVD方法分析了夏季副热带高压与前冬、前春及同期各月全球海温的最佳耦合模态。在对比研究西太平洋副热带高压异常时其垂直环流变化的基础上,进而研究海气相互作用对副热带高压影响的物理过程。  相似文献   

Observations of vertical ground accelerations exceeding gravity during the 1997 Umbria-Marche (central Italy) earthquakes     

M. Bouchon  S. Gaffet  C. Cornou  M. Dietrich  J.P. Glot  F. Courboulex  A. Caserta  G. Cultrera  F. Marra  R. Guiguet 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(4):517-523

We found extensive evidence that the vertical ground accelerations produced during the largest shock (M = 6.0) of the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence exceeded 1g in two areas close to the heavily-damaged villages of Annifo and Colle Croce. This evidence comes from the striking observation of thousands of freshly fractured and broken rocks and stones in these areas. Some of the broken stones lie isolated on soft detritic soil while others had been previously piled up, probably a long time agoto clear the fields for farming. The freshness of the cuts and fractures and the consistency of the observations for thousands of rocks and stones in these areas indicate that these rocks were thrown upwards during the earthquake, with breakage occurring at the time of impact. Ground motion calculations consistent with the static deformation inferred from GPS and interferometry data, show that the broken stones and rocks are found in the zone where the strongest shaking took place during the earthquake and that most of the shaking there was vertical.  相似文献   

区域垂直应变率动态图像与丽江(Ms7.0)、门源(Ms6.4)等强震关系的研究     

王双绪  江在森  张希  陈兵 《中国地震》2000,16(1):28-36

利用从区域精密水准重复测量资料中分离提取区域性垂直应变率与跨断层形变观测相配合生成的动态图像方法,分析了发生于滇西和祁连山－河西地形变监测区及附近的丽江（Ｍｓ７．０）、门源（Ｍｓ６．４）等中强以上过程中的区域垂直应变率动态演化特征;在此基础上,对孕震过程区域垂直应变率动态信息的时空非均匀性与应变能积累状况的研究探讨,提出了一些根据区域垂直应变率动态信息判定中短期强震危险区的判据。  相似文献   

Prediction and prevention of the impacts of sea level rise on the Yangtze River Delta and its adjacent areas   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

SHI Yafeng  ZHU Jiwen  XIE Zhiren  JI Zixiu  JIANG Zixun  YANG Guishan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2000,43(4):412-422

The Yangtze River Delta region is characterized by high density of population and rapidly developing economy. There are low lying coastal plain and deltaic plain in this region. Thus, the study area could be highly vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise caused by global warming. This paper deals with the scenarios of the relative sea level rise in the early half period of the 21st century in the study area. The authors suggested that relative sea level would rise 25 50 cm by the year 2050 in the study area, of which the magnitude of relative sea level rise in the Yangtze River Delta would double the perspective worldwide average. The impacts of sea level rise include: (i) exacerbation of coastline recession in several sections and vertical erosion of tidal flat, and increase in length of eroding coastline; (ii) decrease in area of tidal flat and coastal wetland due to erosion and inundation; (iii) increase in frequency and intensity of storm surge, which would threaten the coastal protection works; (iv) reduction of drainage capacity due to backwater effect in the Lixiahe lowland and the eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, and exacerbation of flood and waterlogging disasters; and (v) increase in salt water intrusion into the Yangtze Estuary. Comprehensive evaluation of sea level rise impacts shows that the Yangtze River Delta and eastern lowland of Taihu Lake region, especially Shanghai Municipality, belong in the district in the extreme risk category and the next is the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay, the third is the abandoned Yellow River delta, and the district at low risk includes the central part of north Jiangsu coastal plain and Lixiahe lowland.  相似文献   

Holocene environmental change and the accumulation–erosion balance of sheltered river-mouth sediments, Göteborg, SW Sweden     

K. Brack  R. L. Stevens  M. Paetzel   《Marine Geology》2000,170(3-4):347-362

Holocene sedimentological change was investigated in 15 sediment piston cores (250 cm long) from the mouth of the Göta älv River, outside of Göteborg, which is sheltered by an archipelago. The main objective was to interpret recent, natural and human-induced influences upon the accumulation–erosion balance and the sedimentary environment from Holocene sediment units. The five main units are: consolidated glaciomarine clay (Facies gC) lowermost, consolidated estuarine clay (Facies dC), soft sub-recent sediment (Facies omC and Facies C) uppermost and dumped sediment (Facies D) in some parts of the study area. The sediment facies are divided by two major hiatuses: (a) the early Holocene hiatus between Facies gC and dC involves a time gap of at least 7000 years, ending at ca. 4000 BP and (b) the late Holocene hiatus between the consolidated clays (Facies gC and dC) and Facies omC spans 1000 years and ends ca. 50 BP (i.e. 100 years ago). Both hiatuses probably relate to the effects of isostatic land uplift. Surface sediments consist mainly of an organic-matter-rich clay facies, suggesting changes in the trophic state of the estuary during the last 100 years. Together with human-induced increased river erosion and loss of accommodation space in the estuary, this caused the onset of sedimentation in the estuary. The recent sediments are contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg), with highest concentrations in the lower part of Facies omC.  相似文献   

Long- and short-term consequences of a Nephrops trawl fishery on the benthos and environment of the Irish Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ball  B. J.; Fox  G.; Munday  B. W. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(5):1315-1320

  相似文献   

台湾海峡南部海区1997年8月温度、盐度的垂直结构     

胡建宇  洪华生  林奋强  张学斌  陈照章  张彩云  梁红星  洪建胜 《海洋科学进展》2000,18(3):29-33

对台湾海峡南部海区1997年8月的CTD资料进行了温、盐垂直结构分析.结果表明:大部分调查海域存在温、盐跃层;台湾浅滩南部和东南部海域的温、盐垂直结构较为复杂,这与多种水系在此交汇有关,但下层海水的低温高盐特性仍表明这一海域是上升流区;泉州外海的下层存在低温高盐海水的爬升,但没有影响到表层.  相似文献   

利用平均海面推定青岛水准原点地区的地壳垂直运动   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

董鸿闻 《海洋科学进展》2000,18(2):25-28

通常利用平均海面所求某点地壳垂直运动是一种视运动,如若干年平均海面实际升降变化为V,陆地实际垂直运动为U,则视垂直运动为(U-V).在推定地区地壳垂直运动,使用平均海面数据时应注意其区域性和周期性的变化.文中以有代表性的平均海面变化结果为依据,求出青岛国家水准原点地区地壳垂直运动速率λn=(+2.2±0.5)mm/a.  相似文献   

黄土丘陵沟壑区流域系统侵蚀与产沙关系   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

陈浩 《地理学报》2000,55(3):354-363

从长期来看流域系统的侵蚀与产沙基本可以达到平衡,泥沙输移比约等于１。但次降雨或分年度泥沙输移比有相当大的变幅,在短期内会经常存在泥沙的滞留和滞留的泥沙被重新锓蚀搬运,而出现泥沙输移比小于１和大于１的情况。这主要与降雨的空间分布和洪峰增减幅度及径流深度增减幅度密切相关。流域系统次降雨泥沙输移比及各级沟道含沙水流的挟沙能力变化可用单位面积上洪峰增减幅度变化时暴雨洪水的剪切力的转化机制来描述。  相似文献