Magma transfer processes at persistently active volcanoes: insights from gravity observations     

Corinne A. Locke  Hazel Rymer  John Cassidy 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,127(1-2):73-86

Magma transfer processes at persistently active volcanoes are distinguished by the large magma flux required to sustain the prodigious quantities of heat and gas emitted at the surface. Although the resulting degassed magma has been conjectured to accumulate either deep within the volcanic edifice or in the upper levels of the sub-edifice system, no direct evidence for such active accumulation has been reported. Temporal gravity data are unique in being able to quantify mass changes and have been successfully used to model shallow magma movements on different temporal scales, but have not generally been applied to the investigation of postulated long-term accumulation of magma at greater spatial scales within volcanic systems. Here, we model the critical data acquisition parameters required to detect mass flux at volcanoes, we review existing data from a number of volcanoes that exemplify the measurement of shallow mass changes and present new data from Poas and Telica volcanoes. We show that if a substantial proportion of degassed magma lodges within the sub-edifice region, it would result in measurable annual to decadal gravity increases occurring over spatial scales of tens of kilometres and propose that existing microgravity data from Sakurajima and, possibly, Etna volcanoes could be interpreted in these terms. Furthermore, such repeat microgravity data could be used to determine whether the accumulation rate is in equilibrium with the rate of production of degassed magma as calculated from the surface gas flux and hence identify the build-up of gas-rich magma at depth that may be significant in terms of eruption potential. We also argue that large magma bodies, both molten and frozen, modelled beneath volcanoes from seismic and gravity data, could represent endogenous or cryptic intrusions of degassed magma based on order of magnitude calculations using present-day emission rates and typical volcano lifetimes.  相似文献   

五大连池老黑山、火烧山火山岩屑崩落堆积的发现及其喷发历史和模式的重塑          下载免费PDF全文

刘祥  郎建军 《地质论评》2011,57(5):650-658

黑龙江五大连池世界地质公园的老黑山、火烧山火山岩屑崩落(debris-avalanche)形成小丘状沉积.老黑山火山西面、东面和东南面有数十座小丘,火烧山火山北面和东北面也有数十座小丘.最大的小丘高约17m,基座直径50m以上.最远的小丘距火山2km.小丘为崩落堆积的岩块相,由巨大的崩落岩块组成.崩落岩块为灰紫色玄武质...  相似文献   

The San Gregorio Magno lacustrine basin (Campania,southern Italy): improved characterization of the tephrostratigraphic markers based on trace elements and isotopic data     

P. Petrosino  I. Arienzo  F. C. Mazzeo  J. Natale  M. Petrelli  A. Milia  D. Perugini  M. D&#x;Antonio 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):393-404

Central–southern Italy is one of the most suitable areas in the world for tephrostratigraphic studies, owing to the numerous volcanic sources with explosive activity during the Pleistocene. This work presents a systematic investigation of the chemical (trace elements) and isotopic (Sr and Nd) compositions of the main tephra markers within lacustrine sediments of the San Gregorio Magno Basin (Campania, southern Italy). This study: (i) provides full geochemical (trace elements and isotopes) characterization of eight significant Upper Pleistocene marker layers (X‐6, X‐5, C‐22, MEGT/Y‐7, CI/Y‐5, C‐10, Y‐3, NYT/C2) widely dispersed over the Mediterranean area; (ii) proposes a new tephra marker for Marine Isotope Stage 7, dated to 240 ka; and (iii) refines the correlations of tephra levels belonging to the investigated sequence. This study highlights that in most cases the Nd isotope composition of the glass and Sr isotope composition of the coexisting minerals are more reliable than ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of the glass, and hence is more helpful as a further tool for tephrostratigraphic correlations, as recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, this study is a first step towards the construction of a complete geochemical database for future tephra investigations in the Mediterranean area. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Uca marionis Mud Volcanoes: A Unique Ichnological Tool from the Bay of Bengal Coast of India for Ready Assessment of Beach Stability     

Chirananda De 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):79-95

Formation of burrow-head mud volcanoes by the mud-loving amphibious crab Uca marionis (Alcock) selectively on the either sides of estuary mouths along the Bay of Bengal coast, eastern India, requires peculiar substratal and biological conditions where soft muddy bottom sediments of the coastal mudflats are covered by a thin blanket of relatively rigid beach sands that provide a false substrate stability. Shallow-seated mud layers, being within the substrate penetration power, allow opportunistic burrowing by the crab and consequent oozing out of internal mud slur to form conical heaps of mud resembling volcanic cones. Removal of this thin sand cover prompts very fast erosion of the bottom mud and consequent widening of the estuary mouth and rapid beach erosion. A thick and rigid sand cover restricts deeper burrowing by the crabs.

Uca marionis mud volcanoes, by virtue of limited power of vertical penetration down to required muddy substrate and requirement of special substrate conditions and geomorphic position along the coastal zone, are considered as unique ichnological tools that readily identify and precisely demarcate highly unstable or erosion-prone beach sectors, and thus help in planning, protection and execution of various coastal developmental programs. Wide zoogeographic distribution of Uca in tropical-subtropical sea coasts greatly enhances the application potential of this new ichnological tool. Fossilized biogenic mud volcanoes in post-Jurassic geologic records would ease taxonomic identification of the ancient trace producers and coastal marine palaeogeomorphic interpretations.  相似文献   

Luminescence dating of volcanic eruptions in Datong,northern China     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

In this study, fine-grain quartz was used for luminescence dating for lava baked samples from different sites in Datong. Optical stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermal transferred OSL (TT-OSL)/recuperated OSL (Re-OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) dating protocols were applied. For these samples, the OSL signals saturate at about 300–400 Gy, which limits their age to less than 100 ka based on their ambient dose rates. The TT-OSL/Re-OSL method has poor dose recovery. TL dating gives reliable results, and multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose TL method with sensitivity change correction based on the 325 °C TL peak of a test dose can be applied for samples up to 400 ka. The results indicate that the ages of the volcanoes in Datong are from 380 ka to 84 ka. The volcanic activity started earlier in the southeast area than those in the northwest part, which is consist with the literature data.  相似文献   

Origin of light volatile hydrocarbon gases in mud volcano fluids, Gulf of Cadiz — Evidence for multiple sources and transport mechanisms in active sedimentary wedges     

Marianne Nuzzo  Edward R.C. Hornibrook  Fiona Gill  Christian Hensen  Richard D. Pancost  Matthias Haeckel  Anja Reitz  Florian Scholz  Vitor H. Magalhes  Warner Brückmann  Luis M. Pinheiro 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):359-372

Widespread mud volcanism across the thick (≤ 14 km) seismically active sedimentary prism of the Gulf of Cadiz is driven by tectonic activity along extensive strike–slip faults and thrusts associated with the accommodation of the Africa–Eurasia convergence and building of the Arc of Gibraltar, respectively. An investigation of eleven active sites located on the Moroccan Margin and in deeper waters across the wedge showed that light volatile hydrocarbon gases vented at the mud volcanoes (MVs) have distinct, mainly thermogenic, origins. Gases of higher and lower thermal maturities are mixed at Ginsburg and Mercator MVs on the Moroccan Margin, probably because high maturity gases that are trapped beneath evaporite deposits are transported upwards at the MVs and mixed with shallower, less mature, thermogenic gases during migration. At all other sites except for the westernmost Porto MV, δ¹³C–CH₄ and δ²H–CH₄ values of ~ − 50‰ and − 200‰, respectively, suggest a common origin for methane; however, the ratio of CH₄/(C₂H₆ + C₃H₈) varies from ~ 10 to > 7000 between sites. Mixing of shallow biogenic and deep thermogenic gases cannot account for the observed compositions which instead result mainly from extensive migration of thermogenic gases in the deeply-buried sediments, possibly associated with biodegradation of C₂₊ homologues and secondary methane production at Captain Arutyunov and Carlos Ribeiro MVs. At the deep-water Bonjardim, Olenin and Carlos Ribeiro MVs, generation of C₂₊-enriched gases is probably promoted by high heat flux anomalies which have been measured in the western area of the wedge. At Porto MV, gases are highly enriched in CH₄ having δ¹³C–CH₄ ~ − 50‰, as at most sites, but markedly lower δ²H–CH₄ values < − 250‰, suggesting that it is not generated by thermal cracking of n-alkanes but rather that it has a deep Archaeal origin. The presence of petroleum-type hydrocarbons is consistent with a thermogenic origin, and at sites where CH₄ is predominant support the suggestion that gases have experienced extensive transport during which they mobilized oil from sediments ~ 2–4 km deep. These fluids then migrate into shallower, thermally immature muds, driving their mobilization and extrusion at the seafloor. At Porto MV, the limited presence of petroleum in mud breccia sediments further supports the hypothesis of a predominantly deep microbial origin of CH₄.  相似文献   

Mud volcano eruptions and earthquakes in the Northern Apennines and Sicily, Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marco Bonini   《Tectonophysics》2009,474(3-4):723-735

The relations between earthquakes and the eruption of mud volcanoes have been investigated at the Pede–Apennine margin of the Northern Apennines and in Sicily. Some of these volcanoes experienced eruptions or increased activity in connection with historical seismic events, showing a good correlation with established thresholds of hydrological response (liquefaction) to earthquakes. However, the majority of eruptions have been documented to be independent of seismic activity, being mud volcanoes often not activated even when the earthquakes were of suitable magnitude and the epicentre at the proper distance for the triggering. This behaviour suggests that paroxysmal activity of mud volcanoes depends upon the reaching of a specific critical state dictated by internal fluid pressure, and implies that the strain caused by the passage of seismic waves can activate only mud volcanoes in near-critical conditions (i.e., close to the eruption). Seismogenic faults, such as the Pede–Apennine thrust, often structurally control the fluid reservoirs of mud volcanoes, which are frequently located at the core of thrust-related folds. Such an intimate link enables mud volcanoes to represent features potentially suitable for recording perturbations associated with the past and ongoing tectonic activity of the controlling fault system.  相似文献   

黑龙江省五大连池尾山地区火山岩浆囊探测与干热岩地热地质条件分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张森琦  贾小丰  张杨  李胜涛  李志伟  田蒲源  明圆圆  张超 《地质学报》2017,91(7):1506-1521

五大连池火山群北部的尾山火山形成于第四纪中更新世,具中心式火山喷发,距今(0.57~0.31)±0.05 Ma。同美国芬顿山干热岩项目所在地火山活动于1.40~1.10 Ma相比,其下方具备发育正在冷却中的岩浆囊的可能。重、磁法勘查结果表明,尾山地区基底以北宽河组(Pt3-∈1b)变质岩为主,放射状断裂和环形构造发育,外环影响直径12~13km,是地壳浅部火山穹窿构造的反映。天然地震背景噪声层析成像勘查结果表明,尾山下部火山岩浆囊顶界埋深6.5km,至8km深度面积扩展至约13km~2,至13km面积扩展至约35km~2,平面上呈北西—南东向展布西大东小的"蝌蚪状",可能构成了尾山地区干热岩体的热源。大地电磁测深(MT)勘查结果表明,该地区高导体/高温岩体主体顶界埋深5km,最浅达3km。MT单点勘查曲线及图解表明,尾山西侧(B点)在约2km深度,电阻率值降至2Ω·m以下,4~6km小于2Ω·m的低电阻率区域逐渐连成片,6km以下几乎整体小于2Ω·m。综合分析认为,五大连池尾山地区具较好的干热岩地热地质条件。  相似文献   

伊通盆地横头山火山机构综合地球物理探测     

王坤  曾昭发  张良怀  李静  鹿琪  张建民 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1522-1531

火山隐伏机构的研究对火山演化、火山地热勘探与开发具有重要的意义。本文选取伊通盆地内的横头山火山开展研究,采用航磁、大地电磁测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深等多种地球物理方法探测火山隐伏机构,揭示了横头山火山的形成时间和深部动力学过程,以及隐伏岩体的空间形态和构造环境,确立了一套针对隐伏火山机构的地球物理探测体系。研究表明：横头山火山形成于第四纪早更新世晚期,在压扭应力作用下,玄武岩岩浆由深部沿马鞍山断裂挤出地表,现阶段岩浆通道已经闭合,一部分岩浆停留在通道中;横头山火山隐伏部分与围岩存在较大磁性差异,地表磁异常面积为2.6 km²,沿马鞍山断裂北东向不均匀分布,埋藏深度小于1 000 m。  相似文献   

五大连池火山与冷泉   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吕宗文  孙盛杰 《地震地磁观测与研究》1996,17(6):75-79

在对火山活动与温泉关系的分析基础上，讨论了五大连池区的冷泉现象，结果表明火山区的泉水温度并不是描述火山活动性的惟一指标，五大连池区的火山气体，微震活动和地热梯度等特点清楚显示了该区火山群的活动性。  相似文献