Is there the will to manage fisheries at a local level in the European Union? A case study from Shetland     

Kevin Crean  Steve J. Wisher 《Marine Policy》2000,24(6)

The failure of the command and control approach to fisheries management has encouraged governments to look for new ways of balancing the requirement to conserve fish stocks and yet maintain a flow of benefits that will meet economic and social targets. In the quest to establish a system for sustaining production in the Common Pond, the European Union (EU) has begun to investigate alternatives to the current management system. This research paper examines the problems associated with the current management regime operating in the EU in the light of alternatives for managing the fisheries. The research seeks to establish whether, given the serious problems confronting the EU's fishing industries, fishermen would be prepared to accept change and offer their ideas and support to develop an alternative management system. The research draws on the opinions of fishermen from Shetland and discusses the findings gained from interviewing key informants in conjunction with the results of an opinion survey of skippers and boat owners.  相似文献   

A requiem for the IFQ in US fisheries?     

Keith R. Criddle  Seth Macinko 《Marine Policy》2000,24(6):73

Despite their apparent economic benefits to harvesters, individual fishing quotas (IFQs) have only been adopted in three US fisheries: Mid-Atlantic surf clam and ocean quahog; South Atlantic wreckfish; and, North Pacific halibut and sablefish. During the 1996 reauthorization of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, Congress temporarily blocked implementation of additional IFQ programs in US fisheries. In this paper, we argue that because of the emergence of an alternative, the cooperative, it is unlikely that new IFQs will be adopted in federally managed US fisheries. From an economic perspective, cooperatives offer the advantage of eliminating production externalities that may remain under an IFQ program with relatively large owner classes. More significantly, development of IFQ programs appears to be increasingly overwhelmed by the proliferation of both equity concerns and seemingly interminable rent-seeking behavior — both issues that can effectively block adoption of IFQs. Ironically (and paradoxically?), by reducing the scope of the equity issues acknowledged, the cooperative alternative narrows the pool of claimants and modifies the behavior of the remainder, making implementation more likely. A further irony exists in that IFQs are widely thought to be best designed at the local/regional level while part of the appeal of the cooperative model is that it appears to shortcut the often protracted nature of the local/regional political process by relying on direct intervention from Washington, DC, in the form of actions by Congress or the Justice Department.  相似文献   

厦门海域渔业资源评估   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

卢振彬 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(2):51-56

以初级生产力和渔业统计资料为材 ,分别应用Tait沿岸海域生态系能流分析法、营养动态法和Cushing等 3种模式 ,估算厦门沿岸海域的渔业资源自然生产量。同时 ,分别应用Schaefer和Fox两种剩余产量模式估算最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。前 3种模式估算该海域的资源生产量分别为 2 0 1 0 5t,1 8463t和 1 7489t,平均 1 8686t。后两种模式估算最大持续产量平均值分别为 9639t和 91 0 4t。估算的最大持续捕捞力量 :5种作业综合总功率为 1 5976kW ;以厦门机定置渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 2 7351kW ;以厦门机刺网渔船单位功率渔捞效率为标准估算的总功率为 432 1 3kW。 1 997年实际渔获量和捕捞力量均超过了估算的最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量。文中还讨论了捕捞力量的调整问题。  相似文献   

光暗周期下底拖萤光网作业对鱼类的捕捞效应     

方水美  肖方森  李善贞 《台湾海峡》2000,19(4):523-528

萤光网对中上层鱼、近低层鱼的增产效应大多为全昼夜性的、对底层鱼的增产效应多数为非全昼夜性的;对于有全昼夜性增产效应的种,萤光网的增幅、比增与其渔获量显著相关,对于非全昼夜性增产效应的种则否;萤光网作业最具特生征的是,随自然光照条件变化,其作业效率依渔获种的视觉性能及视觉功能转换状况而发生变化。  相似文献   

平面无结节网衣水阻力系数的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李玉成  桂福坤 《海洋学报》2006,28(5):145-151

通过物理模型试验,统计分析得到了无结节网衣的水阻力系数在不同状态下随雷诺数、倾角和布置状态的变化规律,并通过网衣沉子的组合试验验证了所得经验公式的正确性和适用性,为深水网箱等渔具的水动力计算提供了依据.  相似文献   

我国主要海洋捕捞政策对浙江省海洋捕捞业的影响探究          下载免费PDF全文

辛艺  俞存根  菅康康  刘惠  张佩怡  刘坤 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(5):25-31

随着海洋渔业资源的不断衰退，为了保护渔业资源、推动海洋渔业的可持续发展，自20世纪70年代后期，我国出台了许多海洋捕捞相关政策。文章从投入控制制度、产出控制制度和技术控制制度3个角度出发，以捕捞许可制度、捕捞限额管理和伏季休渔制度等政策为重点，通过整理1980—2017年浙江省渔业经济的相关资料，从海洋捕捞渔船数量和功率、海洋捕捞产量、渔业劳动力数量变化3个方面，深入分析浙江省海洋捕捞现状，提出了完善现有的海洋捕捞政策、加强渔业执法管理力量、加强普法宣传、建立渔业资源调查与评估体系、帮助捕捞从业人员转产转业等对策建议，以期为我国海洋捕捞管理部门提供决策参考。  相似文献   

Destructive gear use in a tropical fishery: Institutional factors influencing the willingness-and capacity to change     

《Marine Policy》2016

The aim of this study was to empirically assess institutional aspects shaping fishers’ behavior leading to unsustainable resource use, by using the example of destructive drag-net fishing in Zanzibar, Tanzania. A broad institutional approach was used to specifically assess institutional factors influencing the fishers’ reasons for the current use of destructive drag-nets as well as their willingness- and economic capacity to change to less destructive gears. Different regulative, normative, cultural-cognitive and economic factors (tradition, group-belonging, social acceptance, common practice, identity of drag-net users and weak economic capacity) were identified as critical elements influencing the current use of destructive gears, as well as obstructing changes to other gears. Hence, the importance of addressing all of these factors, matching to the different contexts, rather than focusing on fast-moving regulative measures, is emphasized to increase chances of management success. More promising approaches would be resource allocations to more sustainable fishing gears, well-managed gear exchange programs, as well as alterations of slow-moving normative and cultural factors, e.g. awareness raising on the advantages of more sustainable fishing gears, their traditional and cultural values, information on the actual income they generate, as well as education and an exchange of traditional knowledge on how to use them.  相似文献   

Structure and dynamics of demersal fish assemblages over three decades (1985–2012) of increasing fishing pressure in Guinea     

ML Camara  B Mérigot  F Leprieur  JA Tomasini  I Diallo  M Diallo 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):189-206

In a context of growing fishing pressures and recommendations for an ecosystem approach to fisheries, there is a need to monitor changes in fish communities over time. In this study, we analysed data from scientific trawl surveys carried out on the continental shelf off Guinea between 1985 and 2012. We performed factorial analyses and calculated biodiversity indices to characterise the changes in the structure and composition of fish communities that occurred over the 28-year period in this area, particularly given intensive fishing activities. We show that, over the study period, fish communities on the Guinean shelf were structured primarily according to spatial factors, with temporal changes being less pronounced than expected. However, a temporal analysis of biodiversity indices and species dominance showed that the intensification of fishing had significant effects on the general ecological features of the fish assemblages under study. There was a decrease in fish density and in mean trophic level. In addition, there were changes in species dominance, whereby large, slow-growing species with high commercial value were gradually replaced by smaller, fast-growing species of lesser commercial interest. These results from field observations are in line with some conclusions from previous modelling studies in the same geographical area, and provide further support for the hypothesis of a progressive ‘ecosystem effect of fishing’ occurring in Guinean waters.  相似文献   

North Sea cod recovery?   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

Horwood  Joe; O'Brien  Carl; Darby  Chris 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(6):961-968

  相似文献   

Long-term changes in the benthic communities on North Sea fishing grounds   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Frid  C. L. J; Harwood  K. G.; Hall  S. J.; Hall  J. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(5):1303-1309

  相似文献