Beyond anecdotal evidence: Do subsidized housing developments increase neighborhood crime?     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

While planners and policymakers have advocated the need for project-based subsidized housing, they often face the challenge of strong community opposition due to the negative perceptions of subsidized housing and subsidized households, and the fear that these developments and residents would bring increased crime. This paper aims to extend beyond anecdotal evidence by examining the impact of a popular U.S. affordable housing program, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, on neighborhood crime rates. We estimate the levels and trends in neighborhood crime before and after LIHTC developments, based on crime incidents data from 2000 to 2009 in Austin, Texas, using the Adjusted Interrupted Time Series–Difference in Differences (AITS–DID) approach to clarify the causal direction of impacts of LIHTC developments. Results show that LIHTC subsidized housing tended to be developed in neighborhoods where crime was already prevalent, and contrary to popular perception, LIHTC developments have a mitigating impact on neighborhood crime. These results suggest that LIHTC developments may be an effective tool for revitalizing distressed neighborhoods by ameliorating the “broken windows” problem and reducing neighborhood crime.  相似文献   

区域煤炭资源流动及其宏观经济效应初探——以内蒙古为例     

王宜强  赵媛 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):163-172

从流量、流向以及流动通道三方面,探讨了内蒙古煤炭资源流动平衡现状,采用向量自回归模型解析了内蒙古煤炭资源流动与其宏观经济发展的相互作用关系,结果表明:(1)内蒙古已成长为中国最大的能源输出基地,煤炭交流活动主要集中在其周边地区,尤以华北和东北地区为主。(2)内蒙古铁路煤炭运能不足,缺乏独立、完善的运输网络。(3)内蒙古煤炭资源流动与区内经济发展水平的提高、重工业的发展、第三产业发展以及税收增长均存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,且对区内重工业发展和税收增长具有明显的单向推动作用,但对区内人均GDP和第三产业发展的促进作用相对比较微弱。(4)建立独立、完善的煤炭运输网络;重视发展煤炭运输及其相关服务业;转变能源输出战略,提高输出资源附加值,带动区内煤炭工业以及整体经济发展水平提高的政策建议。  相似文献   

滑动窗口的普通克立格方法在降水量插值中的应用     

熊敏诠 《气象》2013,39(4):486-493

利用2009年全国2200个观测站降水量资料,使用滑动窗口的普通克立格方法对降水量资料进行格点化估计。针对滑动窗口的普通克立格方法在降水量格点化应用中存在的问题,设计了3种技术处理的试验方案。比较了全局搜索与方位邻近方法的误差,讨论了最大影响半径及屏蔽效应对插值效果的作用。提出了方位邻近法的样本点选择策略,结果表明,相对传统滑动窗口的普通克立格方法较常使用的全局搜索法而言,方位邻近法显著降低了计算资源的耗用,同时又具有较高的插值精度,特别是在站点密集地区有突出的优势;试验结果也表明:变程为4°～5°的经(纬)线弧长时,在方位邻近法下,我国大部分区域有较好的插值效果;屏蔽效应弱,ε取值为0.1时,降水量插值准确率较高,随着ε增大,插值误差也逐渐增大。  相似文献   

The anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility in the northeastern fringe of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an indicator of palaeowind direction     

Wang Jianli 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,8(1):85-90

Estimates of the palaeo-subaerial wind direction were studied systematically for the first time by using the anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements in the northwestern China. One hundred and forty undisturbed oriented aeolian loess samples were collected from Lanzhou, Linxia and Wudu areas for AMS measurements, which indicated the subaerial wind directions were not the same while the loess deposited. From the Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene till Late Pleistocene, the wind direction experienced an anticlockwise rotation in the studied area. We suggested this change was related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the adjustment of current and landform effects.  相似文献   

Co-seismic ground deformation and source parameters of Mani M7.9 earthquake inferred from spaceborne D-InSAR observation data   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

SHAN Xinjian  MA Jin  WANG Changlin  LIU Jiahang  SONG Xiaoyu & ZHANG Guifang .Institute of Geology  Laboratory of Tectonophysics  China Seismological Bureau  Beijing  China  .Institute of Remote Sensing Application  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(6):481-488

In recent ten years, Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) has become a major technique of space-based geodesy together with GPS, VLBI and SLR. Interferometric Synthetic Aper-ture Radar (InSAR) has many advantages, such as all-weather, all-time, strong stability and dynamic survey property, and no requirements for ground sta-tions. In particular, the surveying results by InSAR can cover a large range of the ground deformation field in succession and has gr…  相似文献   

一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

何儒云  王耀南 《测绘学报》2006,35(2):128-132

提出一种基于小波变换的InSAR干涉图滤波算法,此算法先用小波变换对干涉图数据做多级分解,得到图像的多级近似部分系数和3个(水平、垂直、对角线)方向的细节部分系数,然后分别对每一级各个方向的细节部分系数检测其是否为对应方向的边缘,对边缘处的系数根据边缘的方向不同,用不同的方向模板平滑后,再中值滤波;对非边缘处的系数直接中值滤波。用真实的InSAR干涉图实验结果证明此方法具有较好的滤波效果。  相似文献   

MATLAB中实现联合测站平差自动化     

刘新江  陈勤勤 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,(7):194-196

水平角观测中,分组观测方向值后要进行联合测站平差。当观测组数或联测共同方向多于两个时,只能采用条件平差法,建立条件方程式后,解法方程得出各个方向值的改正数。采用MATLAB语言编制的测站平差程序,实现了读取数据、搜索共同方向、建立条件方程、解算改正数、首方向归0并同一和标准格式输出整个流程的自动化。  相似文献   

Laboratory Work in Secondary School Geography     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):27-37

Abstract

Determining the direction in which to face another location on the globe is a problem with significant social and religious meaning, and one with a rich and interesting history in the Western world. Yet a fully satisfying geographic solution to this problem is hindered by our intuitive perception of the world as a flat surface-where a “straight” path (1) is the shortest distance, and (2) maintains a constant angle. On a curved surface, however, only one of these two properties can be satisfied: the first, by a great circle; the second, by a rhumb line. These two solutions are analyzed, compared, and applied to the direction-facing problem.  相似文献   

CLUE-S模型应用进展与改进研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

吴健生  冯喆  高阳  黄秀兰  刘洪萌  黄力 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):3-10

土地利用变化是景观生态学重要的研究领域,通过模型模拟土地利用变化趋势是该领域的主要研究内容之一。CLUE-S模型可以全面考虑自然和人文因子,通过迭代方法综合空间分析和非空间分析,较好地模拟小尺度范围内土地利用变化情景,具有综合性、开放性、空间性、竞争效率性等特点,已经在国内外多个地区的土地利用变化研究中得到广泛应用,形...  相似文献   

中国北方典型沙尘天气特征研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吕艳丽  刘连友  屈志强  胡霞 《中国沙漠》2012,32(2):447-453

 根据API、风速、风向及相关气象数据初步研究了中国北方两次典型沙尘天气的天气特征。两次沙尘天气过程中极大风速大于7.2 m·s-1的气象站占88%。2005年4月27日极大风速超过17.2 m·s-1的气象站有31个,出现频率最高的风向为西西北,28日达到81个,风向为北风,极大风速高值区由内蒙古中东部向东北方向迅速扩大。2007年3月30日极大风速超过17.2 m·s-1的气象站有57个,31日达到68个,风向均为西西北,极大风速高值区分布较为稳定。受沙尘暴影响的地区API显著升高。2005年4月28日呼和浩特、大同、北京3个城市的API分别为418、500、500。2007年3月31日呼和浩特、赤峰、大同3个城市的API分别为500、500、423。对PM10与气象因子的相关性进行分析得出,沙尘暴期间,大气中可吸入颗粒物的浓度与风速存在显著的正相关关系,风速越高的地区,可吸入颗粒物的浓度越大。  相似文献