Sounding of electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle along the eastern border of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its tectonic significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙洁  晋光文  白登海  王立凤 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(Z2)

Sounding and study on electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle within the eastern border region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by using the magnetotelluric sounding (simply MT) method permitted us to understand the characteristics of specific electrical structure in the region. The sounding result clearly revealed that: (1) The Xianshuihe fault zone represents a large-scale lithospheric fault and is an important boundary fault of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. (2) The sounded region is a strong earthquake-prone zone. The different crustal media of blocks on both sides of the fault became an important deep background for the strong seismo-active zone. (3) A large-scale low-resistivity layer is found to exist at a depth more than ten kilometers beneath the northern part of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block. Its electrical resistivity is only several to tens Ω?m. The layer northeastward extends down at an angle of 45°. It is related to an obstacle to the lateral squeeze of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and eastward flow of mass by the rigid block. It is inferred from the characteristics of electrical property of deep media that the northern part of the recent rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block is in a thermal state and is one of the recently fairly active blocks. (4) The lithosphere in the sounded region is gradually thickened from the western segment (northern Sichuan-Yunnan block) to east (Yangtze block).  相似文献   

Shear-wave splitting in a critical crust: III. Preliminary report of multi-variable measurements in active tectonics     

Stuart Crampin  Sebastien Chastin  Yuan Gao   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,54(3-4):265

This is a preliminary report on two sets of recent observations from a region of active tectonics that provide comparatively direct evidence for the critical state of the fluid-saturated microcracked crust. The first data set from crosshole seismics in a controlled source stress-monitoring site (SMS) shows that the crust of the Earth is highly compliant and responds to low-level changes of tectonic stress at substantial distances. The second set of data from earthquake seismograms shows that the seismically active Húsavík–Flatey Fault plane is pervaded by critically high pore-fluid pressures, which cause 90° flips in the polarisations of seismic shear waves. We suggest that both sets of observations confirm previous hypotheses for a compliant crack-critical (CCC) crust. This is a new understanding of low-level pre-fracturing deformation that has fundamental implications for a range of applications in solid earth geophysics. These applications range from monitoring hydrocarbon production with time-lapse seismics to monitoring tectonic stress in in situ rock and stress-forecasting the times and magnitudes of impending large earthquakes.  相似文献   

Anisotropy in the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle in southeastern Europe obtained from Rayleigh and Love surface waves     

Reneta B. Raykova  Svetlana B. Nikolova 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2003,54(3-4):247

Digital seismograms from 25 earthquakes located in the southeastern part of Europe, recorded by three-component very broadband seismometers at the stations Vitosha (Bulgaria) and Muntele Rosu (Romania), were processed to obtain the dispersion properties of Rayleigh and Love surface waves. Rayleigh and Love group-velocity dispersion curves were obtained by frequency–time analysis (FTAN). The path-averaged shear-wave velocity models were computed from the obtained dispersion curves. The inversion of the dispersion curves was performed using an approach based on the Backus–Gilbert inversion method. Finally, 70 path-averaged velocity models (35 R-models computed from Rayleigh dispersion curves and 35 L-models computed from Love dispersion curves) were obtained for southeastern Europe. For most of the paths, the comparison between each pair of models (R-model and L-models for the same path) shows that for almost all layers the shear-wave velocities in the L-models are higher than in the R-models. The upper sedimentary layers are the only exception. The analysis of both models shows that the depth of the Moho boundary in the L-models is shallower than its depth in the R-models. The existence of an anisotropic layer associated with the Moho boundary at depths of 30–45 km may explain this phenomenon. The anisotropy coefficient was calculated as the relative velocity difference between both R- and L-models at the same depths. The value of this coefficient varies between 0% and 20%. Generally, the anisotropy of the medium caused by the polarization anisotropy is up to 10–12%, so the maximum observed discrepancies between both types of models are also due to the lateral heterogeneity of the shear-wave velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in the region.  相似文献   

Weathering and biokarst development on marine terraces,northwest Morocco     

Michael J. Duane  Ali T. AL‐Mishwat  Mohammed Rafique 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(13):1439-1449

Weathering features are described from an arid coastal area in northern Morocco which are indicative of invasive chasmolithic and endolithic microbial communities. Active weathering of marine terraces and karst development is associated with endolithic and epilithic algae responsible for boring, disintegration of matrix and mineral fabrics, solution and biomineralization that undermines the marine carbonate platform. Evidence of a range of biological weathering agents remains preserved, speci?cally calci?ed ?laments and sporangial material. An abundance of ?laments and spores representative of a consortium of algae, fungi, cyanobacteria and lichens is associated with the most denuded outcrops. The array of microbes contributes to the formation of the stromatolites to depths of 0·5 m within the limestone substrate. The preservation of stromatolites is supported by calci?cation of spores and ?laments, with trapping and binding of carbonate held in suspension by vadose waters. The pervasive weathering on this sector of coastline has important practical implications for coastal planning and development authorities in Morocco. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rock thermal data at the grain scale: applicability to granular disintegration in cold environments     

Kevin Hall  Marie‐Franoise Andr 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(8):823-836

Consideration of the mechanisms associated with the granular disintegration of rock has been limited by available data. In most instances, both the size of the transducer and the nature of the study have negated any applicability of the resulting data to the understanding of grain‐to‐grain separation within rock. The application of microthermocouples (≤0·15 mm diameter) and high‐frequency logging (20 s intervals) at a taffoni site on southern Alexander Island and from a rock outcrop on Adelaide Island (Antarctica) provide new data pertaining to the thermal conditions, at the grain scale, of the rock surface. The results show that thermal changes (ΔT/t) can be very high, with values of 22 °C min^?1 being recorded. Although available data indicate that there can be differences in frequency and magnitude of ?uctuations as a function of aspect, all aspects experienced some large magnitude (≥2 °C min^?1) ?uctuations. Further, in many instances, large thermal changes in more than one direction could occur within 1 min or in subsequent minutes. These data suggest that the surface grains experience rapidly changing stress ?elds that may, with time, effect fatigue at the grain boundaries; albedo differences between grains and the resulting thermal variations are thought to exacerbate this. The available data failed to show any indication of water freezing (an exotherm) and thus it is suggested that microgelivation may not play as large a role in granular breakdown as is often postulated for cold regions, and that in this dry, Antarctic region thermal stress may play a signi?cant role. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南北地震带及青藏块体东部垂直形变与地震活动研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张四新  江在森  王双绪 《地震工程学报》2003,25(2):143-148

通过对南北地震带及青藏块体东部各形变监测区近30年区域水准资料的计算分析，发现地壳运动和地震活动之间存在一定的呼应关系，地壳运动呈激烈的继承性运动，地震处于弱活动阶段；地壳运动继承性减弱(或呈逆继承性运动)，地震处于强活跃阶段，地震活动强弱在时间上明显滞后于地壳运动，二活动方式具有明显的波动性和周期性。现今地壳运动在运行到波谷后呈缓慢增强的继承性运动，估计未来几年内南北地震带地震活动仍将维持现状，不会出现明显的增强趋势。  相似文献   

大陆壳内低速层成因综述   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杨晓松  马瑾  张先进 《地质科技情报》2003,22(2):35-41

探讨了大陆地壳中出现的低速层的可能成因以及壳内低速层形成的基本条件。大陆壳内低速层的成因复杂多样，主要的成因有：①低速岩性层；②石英的α-β相变；②温度和压力；④流体；⑥矿物和岩石的各向异性。其中浅部地壳的低速层可能主要是含水裂隙带和低速岩性层的反映；发育于高热流地区的低速层最有可能与部分溶融作用有关。各种成因的低速层在深度、规模和连续性方面存在着差异，利用这些特征的差异可以对低速层的成因作出判断。低速层可能对应于壳内力学软弱带，对块体活动与大陆强震关系的研究具有重要意义。实验岩石学、实验岩石物理学和流交学的综合研究能够为壳内低速层的成因分析提供有效的约束。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田天然气混源的地球化学标志与评价   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

李贤庆  胡国艺  李剑  张爱云  侯读杰  唐友军 《地球化学》2003,32(3):282-290

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气藏的气源问题是迄今尚有争议的重要问题。在前人大量研究的基础上，系统研究了该气田天然气混源的地球化学特征与标志，并利用多指标综合评价了气藏的气源。研究结果表明，鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气具有高一过成熟干气的组分和同位素特征。天然气的来源比较复杂，既有以石炭一二叠系来源为主的煤成气，又有以下古生界来源为主的油型气。该气田东部区块的天然气主要为煤成气，中部气田北部、西部及南部区块的天然气主要为油型气。  相似文献   

中国埃达克岩的时空分布及其形成背景 附:《国内关于埃达克岩的争论》   总被引：49，自引：3，他引：49  

张旗  王焰  刘红涛  王元龙  李之彤 《地学前缘》2003,10(4):385-400

中国的埃达克岩出露很广,几乎遍及全国各地(除两广和湘黔4省区外),主要集中在古亚洲洋造山带、吉林—黑龙江东部以及中国东部地区,其次为秦祁昆造山带、新特提斯造山带以及青藏高原,在中国南方仅有零星的分布。中国最早的埃达克岩位于赣东北蛇绿岩中(1000 Ma),最年轻的第三纪埃达克岩产于青藏高原(60～10 Ma)。中国各地的埃达克岩可大体分为O型和C型埃达克岩两类,主要反映了板块俯冲和地壳加厚2个不同的地球动力学背景。文中还讨论了不同地质时期由埃达克岩所指示的板块消减事件和陆壳加厚事件及其地球动力学意义。  相似文献   

深部地壳镁铁质岩石(斜长角闪岩)叶理的组成及形成机制分析--以辽东海城地区变质镁铁质岩石为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

关会梅  刘俊来  张崧  张艳彬 《世界地质》2003,22(4):344-351

高级变质镁铁质岩石叶理形成于地壳深部环境，对其组成及形成机制的深入研究有助于讨论在深部地壳(下地壳)环境中岩石的表现与流动过程。以辽宁海城马风地区广泛出露的斜长角闪岩为例，对变质镁铁质岩石中几种不同类型叶理的组成及形成机制进行初步探讨。显微构造分析结果表明，变质斜长角闪岩中主要发育三种具有不同特点的叶理构造型式：条带状、糜棱状和片麻状。作为岩石叶理的主要组成矿物。角闪石对叶理的形成贡献最大。斜长石在不同类型岩石中对叶理的形成作用不同。组成叶理的斜长石和角闪石矿物对的温压测算结果表明，它们形成于426～532MPa和58l℃～639℃之间。变质基性岩中叶理的形成是这种温度和压力条件下多种机制(包括晶体的定向重结晶作用、应力作用下的变质分异、晶质塑性变形、亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶)共同作用的结果。  相似文献