从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：30  

付晓飞  方德庆  吕延防  付广  孙永河 《地球科学》2005,30(3):328-336

脆性断层和塑性断层断裂带内部结构存在差异: 脆性断层断裂带由以断层岩和伴生裂缝为特征的破碎带和诱导裂缝带2部分组成; 塑性断层断裂带表现为几条充填断层泥大裂缝的组合, 诱导裂缝带不发育.破碎带内部伴生裂缝、无粘结力断层岩带和诱导裂缝带都可能成为油气运移的通道, 只有这3种通道均封闭, 脆性断层垂向才是封闭的.只要伴生裂缝封闭, 塑性断层就是封闭的.基于这种封闭机理, 分析了3种通道封闭的条件: 无粘结力断层岩带是否封闭取决于断层泥含量大小; 破碎带内部伴生裂缝的封闭性取决于断面压力和断层泥塑性强度关系; 诱导裂缝带封闭程度受控于后期成岩充填的程度.提出了利用断面压力、断层泥的含量和塑性强度、后期成岩程度综合判定不同性质断层垂向封闭性评价方法.并利用该方法对克拉2构造F₁断层垂向封闭性进行了评价, 结果表明F₁断层垂向封闭性具有分段性: ①和③段均表现为脆性, 但①段因诱导裂缝没有被充填不封闭, ③段是封闭的; ②段是塑性断层, 垂向封闭性好.这是克拉2构造有大规模天然气聚集成藏的关键因素之一.   相似文献   

胜利油田东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

徐守余  李学艳 《地质力学学报》2005,11(1):19-24,59

东营凹陷中央隆起带断裂系统复杂,断层封闭性直接控制油气藏形盛分布及油气藏规模,封闭性强的断层附近可形成大规模油气藏,封闭性差的断层附近油气藏规模小,甚至无油气藏形成.以岩性配置封闭模式、主应力封闭模式和泥岩沾污带封闭模式3种最主要的封闭模式为例建立了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭模式.定量分析评价了东营凹陷中央隆起带断层封闭性,认为东营凹陷中央隆起带封闭性断层的最佳断面正应力为40~50 MPa,封闭性断层的泥岩沾污因子常小于2.6.针对某一具体断层判断其是否具有封闭性需多方面综合分析,不可简单地进行单因素分析.   相似文献   

考虑高低温影响因素的金属密封总成性能分析     

吴继媛 《海洋工程》2020,38(1):161-168

水下井口系统环空金属密封总成设计是水下油气装备国产化核心技术之一。前期国内相关研究人员已在密封设计、密封机理等方面形成共识,但密封性能评价的全面性和准确性依旧存在不足。鉴于此,提出考虑高低温影响的金属密封总成性能评价方法,构建了“有限元分析+室内测试+无损探伤”的评价流程。评价结果显示:温度是金属密封设计及性能评价过程中不可忽略的重要影响因素;设计温度范围内,该金属密封总成的密封性能及主体结构强度满足设计要求,但仍不同程度地受到温度变化影响;相对于常规方法,该评价方法更加全面准确,可为该领域其它密封设计提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

A review of animal welfare implications of the Canadian commercial seal hunt: A critique     

《Marine Policy》2014

In a recent article in this journal (Butterworth and Richardson. A review of animal welfare implications of the Canadian commercial seal hunt. Marine Policy 2013;38:457–469), the authors argued that “generally accepted principles of humane slaughter cannot be carried out effectively or consistently during the Canadian commercial seal hunt”. The present review purports to show that these authors' conclusions were incorrect because they were highly selective in their treatment of the information available and made no attempt to consider other perspectives. In addition, their reliance on anecdotal video sequences to support some of their points was seriously flawed since a vast proportion of these sequences failed to meet fundamental criteria of scientific rigor. The article by Butterworth and Richardson [5] failed to provide an unbiased presentation of the available data and therefore did not bring further clarity to the debate on the Canadian commercial seal hunt.  相似文献   

Accumulation features of trace elements in mass-stranded harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the North Sea coast in 2002: the body distribution and association with growth and nutrition status     

Agusa T  Yasugi SY  Iida A  Ikemoto T  Anan Y  Kuiken T  Osterhaus AD  Tanabe S  Iwata H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):963-975

Body distribution and growth- and nutritional status-dependent accumulation of 21 trace elements were investigated in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) stranded in the North Sea coast in 2002. Higher concentrations and burdens of Mn, Se, Mo, Ag, Sn, Hg, and Bi in the liver, Cd in the kidney, As in the blubber, and Co, Sr, and Ba in the bone were observed. Significant positive correlations of hepatic Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, Tl, and Bi with standard body length were found, while significant negative relationships were detected for Mn, As, Rb, Sr, and Sb in the liver. Concentrations of Co, Se, Sr, Sn, Hg, and Bi in the liver, V, Sr, Ag, Sn, and Hg in the kidney, V, Mn, Co, Rb, Sr, Sn, Ba, and Pb in the blubber increased with decreasing blubber thickness of harbor seals, indicating enrichment of these elements in the target tissue by emaciation.  相似文献   

Co-existence of seals and fisheries? Adaptation of a coastal fishery for recovery of the Baltic grey seal     

Riku Varjopuro 《Marine Policy》2011

A complex controversy emerged when the grey seal population in the Baltic Sea recovered after decades of stagnation. The seals now cause substantial economic losses to coastal fisheries. The paper analyses the attempts taken in Finland to mitigate the problems of fishermen. The mitigation attempts include the hunting of seals, fishing technology development, economic compensations and more comprehensive management approaches. These measures are discussed in light of the long-term sustainability and adaptability of a coastal fishery. This question is important with respect to further discussions on the possibility of the coastal fishery’s co-existence with seals and sheds light on more general goals for the adaptability in the management of social–ecological systems. The paper concludes that the more comprehensive measures taken have acknowledged the need to enhance the fishery’s adaptability, but the managerial approach they represent falls short of the requirements for successful adaptive management, especially in terms of embedding the management into specific coastal contexts.  相似文献   

油页岩原位注浆封闭浆液配方研究          下载免费PDF全文

王亚斐  陈晨  朱江  朱颖  翟梁皓 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):77-82

油页岩在原位开采过程中,开采井与周围环境相通,原位产生的油气容易渗入周围地层形成环境污染,目前尚没有一种经济性较好的原位封闭技术来解决该难题。本文基于注浆封闭原理,通过试验探究,提出采用无污染且造价低的超细水泥注浆配方来对开采区进行封闭。经过系列配方的优化选择,最终确定优化的配方是水灰比为0.8,微硅粉掺量为6%,膨润土掺量为2%,聚羧酸减水剂掺量为0.4%,此时浆液的性能基本达到工程要求。  相似文献   

Effects of paraquat on invertebrates in a Canterbury stream,New Zealand     

A. M. R. Burnet 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):448-455

During 1966 and 1967, paraquat was applied on three occasions at 2 ppm for 30 min to control aquatic weeds in the South Branch experimental stream, a tributary of the lower Waimakariri River, Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Effects on the invertebrate fauna of the stream were studied before, during, and after the applications, by Surber and drift‐net samples.

After a heavy initial kill, the paraquat treatment reduced the number of amphipods caught in the drift fauna to 5% of the pre‐treatment level, and there was a slight reduction in the numbers of hemipterans. The total numbers in Surber samples increased markedly a year after treatments ended, mainly due to increased numbers of trichopterans.  相似文献   

东海深部致密储层主要钻井技术及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

张海山  宫吉泽 《探矿工程》2019,46(1):39-44

随着东海对深部致密储层油气资源的勘探开发,深井、超深井钻井面临的地层埋藏深、压力体系复杂、地层可钻性差、裸眼段长、井斜大等难题,需要研究可行的技术方案加以解决。为此,2012年以来,在东海实施的深井、超深井中,通过应用深井井身结构优化、高效抗摩减阻剂、动力导向和复合冲击提速技术、井口回注固井技术和随钻声波固井质量评价技术,实现了安全、快速的钻井效果。上述技术的应用对致密地层钻进、提高钻井速度、缩短钻井周期、降低作业成本、获得更好的经济效益,具有重要的保障作用。  相似文献   

“压稳防漏”固井工艺在旬邑-宜君区块的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

汤祖明 《探矿工程》2019,46(6):41-46

旬邑—宜君区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡南与渭北隆起结合部,目前处于开发初期阶段。由于三叠系延长组地层沉积环境及后期构造运动的原因,形成地层不整合接触裂缝和地层应力裂缝,造成在钻井与固井过程中易发生漏失,导致水泥浆上返不足,上部井段未得到有效封固。本文通过对工区地层情况、钻进方式和设备、水泥浆浆柱结构以及施工工艺方面进行研究,探究漏失发生的主要因素。为达到提高油气层封固质量的目的,在工程上针对性地提出防漏措施,优化水泥浆配方,使浆体具有一定堵漏性能,依据“压稳防漏”平衡固井理念,更改浆柱结构和施工工艺。通过采用新技术措施后,工区内油气井环空水泥浆返高及胶结质量满足后期压裂改造要求。  相似文献