热带北太平洋西部固氮速率及固氮微生物组成     

张润  张东声  陈敏  江志兵  王春生  郑敏芳  邱雨生  黄杰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):26-34

In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate(~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure(using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean(WTNP)(13°–20°N, 120°–160°E). Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current(Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013. We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate(calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged(1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with 10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly(88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E. Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d)and 480 μmol/(m~2·d)(average(225±105) μmol/(m~2·d). N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP. The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations.  相似文献   

Climate moderates potential shifts in streamflow from changes in pinyon‐juniper woodland cover across the western U.S.          下载免费PDF全文

Ryan J. Niemeyer  Timothy E. Link  Robert Heinse  Mark S. Seyfried 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3489-3503

Pinyon‐juniper (PJ) cover has increased up to 10‐fold in many parts of the western U.S. in the last 140+ years. The impacts of these changes on streamflows are unclear and may vary depending on the intra‐annual distribution and amount of precipitation. Given the importance of streamflow in the western U.S., it is important to understand how shifts in PJ woodland cover may produce changes in streamflow across the region's diverse hydroclimates. To this end, we simulated the land surface water balance with contrasting woodland and grassland cover with the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model at a 4‐km resolution across the distribution of PJ woodlands in the western U.S. We used shifts in evapotranspiration (ET) between woodland and grassland cover as a proxy for potential changes in streamflows. Comparison of HBV model results with paired catchment studies indicated the model reasonably simulated annual decreases in ET with changes from woodland to grassland cover. For the northern and western ecoregions of the PJ distribution in the western U.S. where precipitation predominantly occurs in the winter, HBV simulated a 25 mm (37%) annual decrease in ET with conversion to grassland from woodland. Conversely, in southern ecoregions of PJ distribution with prominent summer monsoons, annual differences in ET were only 6 mm (19%). Our results suggest that only 29% of the PJ distribution, compared to an estimated 45% based on precipitation amount alone, has the potential for meaningful increases in streamflow with land cover change from woodland to grassland.  相似文献   

应用光合色素标记物研究2001年2～6月厦门西海域浮游植物群落结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何学佳  高亚辉  彭兴跃 《台湾海峡》2010,29(2):228-233

利用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）对厦门西海域2001年2～6月的浮游植物色素进行了测定,并首次运用CHEMTAX软件对该海域进行了浮游植物群落组成的分析,同时分析了环境因子对群落组成的作用.我们首先改进了RP-HPLC分离方案,分离的时间缩短了近1/3,达到了提高分离效率的目的.利用改进后的RP-HPLC方案进行色素分析显示,厦门西海域2001年2～6月期间,主要的特征色素是岩藻黄素（fucoxanthin）、19’-丁酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin）、19’-己酰基氧化岩藻黄素（19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin）和多甲藻素（peridinin）,月平均含量分别在267.824～655.076、20.118～126.764、65.693～214.115、26.955～203.927μg/m3的范围变动.CHEMTAX计算的结果进一步表明：硅藻是主要优势类群,其次是定鞭金藻和甲藻,分别占总生物量的36.14%～79.27%、4.50%～37.40%和4.83%～21.37%.总生物量从2月到6月呈增长趋势,温度是主要的决定因子.硅藻和定鞭金藻所占生物量的份额呈相反趋势变化,表明种间竞争也是重要的因素之一.  相似文献   

Species diversity and population status of threatened plants in different landscape elements of the Rohtang Pass,western Himalaya     

K. N. Singh  Gopichand  Amit Kumar  Brij Lal  N. P. Todaria 《山地科学学报》2008,5(1):73-83

This paper highlights the quantitative estimates of plant species diversity and ecosystems of the Rohtang Pass,which is one of the most preferred visiting spots by tourists in Himachal Pradesh （H.P.）,India. In spite of high pressure of anthropogenic activities,the Rohtang Pass still harbours a variety of flowering plants with economic value,including various medicinal herbs. In order to observe species diversity in different landscape elements （LSEs）,ground surveys were conducted in nine unique LSEs within the elevation range between 3624 m and 4332 m. Plant community structure in each LSE was studied using stratified random sampling where a total 56 quadrats of 1 m^2 in size for herbs and 7 quadrats of 25 m^2 for shrubs were made. Of the total 50 plant species belonging to 15 families recorded in different random quadrats,24 species were found of medicinal value. Maximum species richness （18） and value of Shannon diversity （H＇=2.2648） were observed on northeast-facing slope in Picrorhiza kurrooa dominated LSE in moist area,followed by Rheum emodi LSE （species richness = 17 and H＇ = 2.4141） distributed on south-facing slope. Maximum values of species richness and Shannon diversity in Rheum emodi LSE were observed between 8 ～ 12 and 1.4797 ～ 2.1911,respectively. Rhododendron anthopogon dominated LSE on northwest-facing slope was found least diverse in terms of species richness where the Simpson index of dominance （D） was 0.4205. The species were equal in abundance in P. kurrooa LSE on east-facing slope and Pleurospermum candollii LSE on north-facing slope,showing the maximum similarity in terms of species distribution between the two LSEs. Low turnover of species across common LSEs gives an idea regarding their limited distribution. Five species of threatened category according to the IUCN criteria were observed in seven LSEs. The largest population of threatened medicinal plants was recorded on northeast and northwest-facing slopes where population density of Bergenia stracheyi （  相似文献   

西太平洋暖池核心区MIS 7期以来的古生产力变化:类ENSO式过程的响应          下载免费PDF全文

赵京涛  李铁刚  常凤鸣  李军 《海洋学报》2008,30(4):87-94

对取自热带西太平洋暖池核心区的WP7岩心进行了底栖有孔虫和钙质超微化石研究。在利用氧同位素曲线对比和AMS14C测年数据进行地层划分的基础上,依据底栖有孔虫和钙质超微化石指标,分析了距今近250ka以来区域生产力和上层海水结构的演变特征,探讨了其控制因素和所指示的古海洋学意义。计算结果显示WP7岩心所在的暖池核心区约在距今250ka以来初级生产力在冰期(MIS6期、4期和2期)高,在间冰期(MIS7期、5期、3期和1期)低,表明该区古生产力在长的轨道时间尺度上受北半球高纬度冰量变动的影响。钙质超微化石下透光带属种Flori-sphaera profunda百分含量指示的温跃层深度变化表明冰期温跃层浅、间冰期温跃层加深,这说明类ENSO式变化导致的冰期—间冰期温跃层深度波动可能是MIS7期以来暖池核心区古生产力在冰期高而在间冰期显著降低的直接控制因素。  相似文献   

日长变化与地磁场变化的时滞相关分析     

高国明  康国发  白春华  李伟 《天文研究与技术》2007,4(2):141-146

利用历史地磁场模型资料和日长资料,计算和分析了1840~2000年期间地磁场变化与日长变化的互相关特点。结果表明,地磁变化与日长变化存在时滞相关。地磁场强度参数的变化比日长变化超前7.5~10a(年);地磁场西向漂移参数比日长变化滞后,其中,西漂分量.λ12和.λ23滞后7.5a,而地磁场的平均漂移速度和纬度漂移分量滞后20~22.5a。  相似文献   

南海西部风驱离岸急流次中尺度锋面的动力学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄小龙  经志友  郑瑞玺  曹海锦 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(11):1-1

本文利用卫星观测资料和500 m分辨率数值模拟结果，结合理论分析，对南海西部夏季风场驱动的离岸急流海域次中尺度锋面及其不稳定对背景流场的动力学影响进行了研究。卫星观测和模拟结果表明，南海西部（WSCS）存在侧向尺度为O（1-10）km的次中尺度锋面，在地转和非地转运动的共同作用下，次中尺度密度锋面具有一阶Rossby（Ro）和Richardson（Ri）数。锋面诊断结果显示，沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫引起了显著的跨锋面Ekman净输送，有效地在跨锋面方向将表层冷水平流输送至暖水侧，导致海表浮力损失。减弱的垂向层结和增强的水平浮力梯度使得锋面海域出现负Ertel位涡（PV），表明该密度锋面易受次中尺度对称不稳定（SI）的影响。次中尺度锋面不稳定引起的跨锋面次级环流能够显著增强垂向速度，其最大值可达100 m·d^-1。能量评估结果表明，次中尺度湍流的两个主要能量源，即地转剪切项（GSP）和垂向浮力通量（BFLUX）在锋面海域显著增强表明在沿锋面急流方向的风场强迫作用下，大尺度地转流的地转剪切动能和锋面有效位能能有效地通过锋面不稳定向次中尺度过程传递。因此，次中尺度锋面及其不稳定有助于增强局地垂向交换和正向串级地转能量，可以为夏季WSCS高叶绿素浓度的相干结构和锋面地转能量的正向传递提供新的动力解释。  相似文献   

A pollen–climate calibration from western Patagonia for palaeoclimatic reconstructions     

Vincent Montade  Odile Peyron  Charly Favier  Jean Pierre Francois  Simon G. Haberle 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(1):76-86

  相似文献   

秦岭—大巴山高分辨率气温和降水格点数据集的建立及其对区域气候的指示   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

陆福志  鹿化煜 《地理学报》2019,74(5):875-888

本文建立了秦岭—大巴山高分辨率（~29 m×29 m）的气候格点数据集,包括逐月气温和降水、年均温和年降水、春夏秋冬气温和降水。空间插值方法采用国际上较为先进的ANUSPLIN软件内置的薄盘光滑样条函数,以经度、纬度和海拔为独立变量。空间插值结果与流行的WorldClim 2.0气候格点数据集具有一致性,但是比后者更精确、分辨率更高、细节更突出。本文揭示和证实：秦岭南麓是最冷月气温的0 ℃分界线。秦岭—大巴山气温具有明显的垂直地带性。6月气温直减率最大,为0.61 ℃/100 m;12月气温直减率最小,为0.38 ℃/100 m;年均气温直减率为0.51 ℃/100 m。夏季和秋季降水从西南向东北递减,强降水中心出现在大巴山西南坡。冬季降水从东南向西北递减。大巴山是年降水1000 mm分界线,夏季降水500 mm分界线;秦岭是年降水800 mm分界线,夏季降水400 mm分界线。与大尺度大气环流对比揭示：秦岭—大巴山气温和降水空间分布主要受到东亚季风和地形因子的控制。本文进一步明确了秦岭和大巴山的气候意义：大巴山主要阻挡夏季风北上,影响降水空间分布;秦岭主要阻挡冬季风南下,影响冬季气温空间分布。本文建立的高分辨率气候格点数据集,加深了对区域气候的认识,并将有多方面的用途。  相似文献   

南秦岭关子沟铅锌矿床成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素证据     

吴欢欢  黄河  高永宝  魏立勇  李志丹  张振  范堡程  孟五一  李国英 《矿床地质》2022,41(6):1200-1216

陕西旬阳盆地南缘是南秦岭中部重要的铅锌成矿带,带内发育一大批赋存在志留系中的铅锌矿床。为了进一步厘清区域内铅锌成矿的物质来源和成因机制,文章选取区内典型的关子沟铅锌矿床开展流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素研究。关子沟铅锌矿体主要以层状、似层状赋存于双河镇组二段和三段千枚岩地层中,根据矿物组构和穿插关系,将成矿过程划分为3个阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ阶段）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ阶段）和石英-碳酸盐（Ⅲ阶段）。其中,Ⅱ阶段原生流体包裹体均一温度为215~393℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为2.2‰~10.1‰; Ⅲ阶段均一温度为124~255℃,盐度w（NaCl_eq）为1.8‰~6.6‰,具有中高温、中低盐度的成矿流体特征。石英H-O同位素结果（δ¹⁸O_H2O值为6‰~10.9‰,δD值为-82.9‰~-73.6‰）显示成矿流体主要为海水和有机水,伴有大气降水的混合。原位S同位素显示硫化物δ³⁴S值变化范围为4.63‰~8.73‰,暗示主要硫化物的S源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原,志留系黑色岩系中的有机质提供了还原剂。矿石硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.8254~17.9470,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.6233~15.6396,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1706~38.3143,指示Pb主要源于沉积盖层。综合矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及H、O、S、Pb同位素特征,认为关子沟矿床为热水沉积成因,志留系裂陷盆地内热水沉积作用控制着铅锌成矿过程。  相似文献