川西稻城岩体岩浆混合作用：矿物学特征的证据     

张瑞刚  和文言  高雪  李萌萌 《地学前缘》2018,25(6):226-239

义敦岛弧形成于晚三叠世大规模俯冲造山作用过程中,位于松潘甘孜地体和羌塘地体之间。稻城边部岩体是义敦岛弧带内规模巨大的复式花岗质岩体,由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩组成。大量暗色镁铁质微粒包体发育于花岗闪长岩和钾长花岗岩中,且其与寄主岩石的接触界线明显。暗色镁铁质微粒包体具有细粒结构,发育石英眼构造、针状磷灰石和具环带结构的斜长石斑晶。文中以稻城岩体寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中斜长石、黑云母和角闪石为研究对象,开展岩相学和电子探针原位化学成分分析,厘定了矿物形成的物理化学条件,探讨了岩浆混合作用过程及其形成的构造环境。研究表明：花岗闪长岩和暗色微粒包体中的斜长石主要为中长石,其核部呈浑圆状;前者核部的An值(21~50)显著高于幔部(21~34);后者则发育典型的突变环带,An值(29~44)呈波状变化且相对集中。暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗闪长岩中斜长石的An值部分重叠表明二者形成过程中存在含量的岩浆混合作用。斜长石环带中的An值随Al2O3、FeO、MgO和CaO含量的升高而升高,但随SiO2、Na2O和K2O含量的升高而降低。寄主岩石和暗色微粒包体中角闪石富镁铁,阳离子特征为：CaB=1.56~1.75,Ti=0.08~0.13,属于钙质角闪石,具壳源特征,其结晶温度分别为697~725 ℃和680~705 ℃。花岗闪长岩中黑云母的Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)为0.37~0.45,显示出富Fe贫Ca、Mg,属于典型的岩浆成因黑云母。黑云母TiO2含量变化范围为3.54%~4.62%,Al2O3含量变化范围为13.89%~15.15%;黑云母的氧化系数为0.08~0.11,Mg#为0.39~0.46,MF值为0.36~0.44,单位分子中阳离子数AlⅥ为0.03~0.11,以单位分子中Ti和Al阳离子数计算的黑云母结晶温度为584~624 ℃,表明其结晶温度较高,具壳幔混源特征。稻城岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔混源成因的I型花岗岩,暗色微粒包体是由镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆不同程度的混合作用形成的。  相似文献   

柴西南翼山构造上新统狮子沟组混积岩地球化学特征及物源指示意义     

于冬冬  张永生  邢恩袁  王琳霖  李凯  黄囿霖 《地学前缘》2018,25(4):65-75

柴西地区南翼山构造上新统混积岩中含有大量盐类矿物,其物源分析对盐矿物质来源研究有一定的参考价值。本文在野外观察和镜下鉴定的基础上,对南翼山构造上新统狮子沟组混积岩的地球化学特征进行了分析,并结合周缘造山带花岗岩的稀土元素数据,探讨了混积岩中陆源碎屑的物质来源。结果显示：南翼山构造狮子沟组混积岩中碎屑矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物呈均匀混合的状态,元素含量与矿物组分密切相关,除Ca、Na、Sr元素外,其余元素含量普遍低于上地壳平均含量,其中CaO和Na2O受碳酸盐和石盐形成影响,不能用于判别构造背景,而Sc、Th、Zr、Hf等微量元素和稀土元素较完整地保留了源岩的地球化学信息,可用于源区构造背景的判别及物源示踪,同时稀土元素配分模式一致性较好,表明混积岩中陆源碎屑具有相同的物源特征。稀土元素配分模式、La Th Sc、Th Sc Zr/10、La/Th Hf图解以及Al2O3/TiO2比值共同指示南翼山混积岩的陆源碎屑组分来源于大陆岛弧背景下的长英质火成岩,通过与周缘造山带花岗岩稀土配分模式对比,推断晚志留世和晚二叠世花岗岩是混积岩中陆源碎屑和盐类矿物的主要源岩,南部的祁漫塔格是主要的物源区,且西部的阿尔金南段也有部分物源贡献。  相似文献   

四川盆地陆相侏罗系白垩系界线问题探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘刚  董树文 《地质力学学报》2018,24(5):645-660

侏罗系/白垩系界线是国际地层年表中少有几个未定全球界线层型（GSSP）之一。传统上依据菊石类生物将Berriasian阶底界定义为白垩系的底界。国际上西北太平洋Shatsky Rise的Berriasian阶最底部玄武岩岩床的同位素年代学年龄为145 Ma,从而为侏罗系/白垩系界线提供了最接近的年龄估计值。在国际上,地层对比划分大都根据海相地层,中国广泛发育的陆相侏罗系/白垩系,难以与国际标准地层对比。中国四川盆地以陆相生物为标志的界线划分与国际年代地层对比困难,导致对四川盆地陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线问题的认识长期未有更新。根据陆相生物对比结果的同时,结合考虑同位素测年、磁性地层和旋回地层,有望获得良好的效果。基于同位素测年数据和陆相生物对比分析,在遂宁组中发现了最年轻的~120 Ma的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄,而且该套地层与国际对比的核心证据介形类的研究也有新的发现,表明遂宁组有可能属于白垩系而非原认为的侏罗系。将沙溪庙组和遂宁组作为侏罗系/白垩系过渡地层系统研究,有可能在该套地层内部发现界线标志。   相似文献   

川西北地区中三叠统顶部溶蚀型喀斯特特征及地质意义^*     

吴冰  金鑫  时志强  Nereo Preto  杜怡星 《古地理学报》2018,20(1):133-146

中三叠统顶部溶蚀型喀斯特在什邡金河剖面及四川盆地大部分地区已有报道。在近期的野外工作中,在川西北地区绵竹汉旺观音崖、江油黄莲桥和江油马鞍塘剖面天井山组近顶部、顶部也识别出这一古特提斯面,其形成与强烈的构造活动或全球海平面下降造成的岩层长时间的暴露有关。其表现形式主要为: (1)暴露溶蚀间断沉积面;(2)溶沟、溶缝及其内的碳酸盐、陆源碎屑充填物;(3)暴露期黏土层;(4)喀斯特角砾。其中暴露溶蚀间断沉积面上的沉积构造以鸟眼、层状孔洞构造最为典型,在绵竹汉旺观音崖剖面最为发育,孔、洞充填物主要为亮晶方解石和白云石;溶沟、溶缝及其内的碳酸盐、陆源碎屑充填物在江油马鞍塘、汉旺观音崖、什邡金河等剖面均有发育,这些溶缝、溶沟一般近于竖直发育,宽度及深度不一,被碳酸盐角砾、亮晶方解石、白云石或陆源黏土等所充填;暴露期黏土层主要见于江油黄莲桥剖面,共发育2套,厚5~20 cm,与铁质矿物共生,其上下发育深灰色潟湖沉积;喀斯特角砾主要见于汉旺观音崖剖面,喀斯特角砾最大可达15×20 cm大小,呈棱角状充填于富含泥质和有机质的暗色碳酸盐基质中。天井山组近顶部溶蚀型喀斯特的发现可为区域地层等时对比提供依据,与其有关的古岩溶作用可在天井山组(或雷口坡组)顶部碳酸盐岩中形成以溶蚀孔、洞、缝为主要储集空间的古岩溶型储集层。  相似文献   

基于岩石物理模型的页岩储层裂缝属性及各向异性参数反演     

张冰  郭智奇  徐聪  刘财  刘喜武  刘宇巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(4):1244-1252

针对富有机质页岩储层复杂的矿物组分与微观孔缝结构,本文提出基于岩石物理模型和改进粒子群算法的页岩储层裂缝属性及各向异性参数反演方法。应用自相容等效介质理论与Chapman多尺度孔隙理论建立裂缝型页岩双孔隙系统岩石物理模型。开发基于岩石物理模型的反演流程,引入模拟退火优化粒子群算法解决多参数同时反演问题,反演算法能够避免陷入局部极值且收敛速度快。将本文方法应用于四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气储层,反演得到的孔隙纵横比、裂缝密度等物性参数和各向异性参数与已有研究结果一致,能为页岩储层的评价提供多元化信息。  相似文献   

桂西二叠系沉积型铝土矿鲕粒成因机制探讨     

张启连  韦访  邓军  李活松  陈文伦  宫研  覃洪锋  辛晓卫  黄尚恒  王学恒  苏可 《岩石矿物学杂志》2024,43(1):21-36

已有研究表明铝土矿中鲕粒的Al含量普遍高于基质,但鲕粒富集Al过程尚不清楚。本文通过对桂西地区铝土矿进行宏微观观察以及电子探针测试(EPMA)和X粉晶衍射分析,研究了矿石构造和元素地球化学变化规律,试图分析铝土矿中鲕粒生长机制。含矿岩系层序多变特征表明桂西铝土矿为陆相成因;鲕粒内部圈层Al含量大于50%,而Si含量小于1%,Fe含量波动于1%左右,证明矿石中鲕粒Al的含量比基质的高,同时硬水铝石的结晶程度亦较高;与鲕粒生成有密切关系的构造主要为凝胶和裂隙,两者为正反馈关系;胶体在分离过程中出现分凝,主要形成富铝、富硅和富铁凝胶,分凝过程中Fe、Si亲和性强,两者的迁移能力均高于Al。分析认为鲕粒形成于浅埋阶段,是一种凝胶的反复分凝过程,受控于湿润-干热气候,成鲕可大致分为3个阶段,即充水阶段、湿润阶段和干热阶段,成核机制为脱水收缩,圈层增长机制为成胶-凝胶老化交替。铝土矿型风化壳的物质搬运过程使鲕粒的圈层停止生长,形成夭折鲕,若条件有利则形成再生鲕。首次引入磁场的概念解释了鲕粒保持浑圆形习性的原因。  相似文献   

Rare earth element characteristics of the carboniferous Huanglong Formation dolomites in eastern Sichuan Basin,southwest China: Implications for origins of dolomitizing and diagenetic fluids     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Marine dolostones of Carboniferous Huanglong Formation constitute major gas reservoir rocks in eastern Sichuan Basin. However, the investigation with respect to sources of dolomitizing and diagenetic fluids is relatively underexplored. The current study attempts to investigate the REE characteristics of dolomites using seawater normalization standard, and therefore discusses the origins of dolomitizing and diagenetic fluids, on the basis of continuous 47.33-m-long core samples from the second member of Huanglong Formation (C₂h₂) in eastern Sichuan Basin. Low Th, Sc, and Hf concentrations (0.791 × 10⁻⁶, 4.751 × 10⁻⁶, and 0.214 × 10⁻⁶, respectively), random correlation between total REE concentration (ΣREE) and Fe or Mn abundance, and seawater-like Y/Ho ratios (mean value of 45.612) indicate that the carbonate samples are valid for REE analysis. Based on petrographic characteristics, four dolomite types are identified, including micritic-sized dolomite (type Dol-1), fine-to medium-sized dolomite (type Dol-2), medium-to coarse-sized dolomite (type Dol-3), and coarse-to giant-sized saddle dolomite (type Dol-4). Dol-1 dolomites, characterized by positive Ce anomaly (mean value of 6.398), light REE (LREE) enrichment, and heavy REE (HREE) depletion with mean LREE/HREE ratio of 12.657, show micritic calcite-like REE patterns, indicating seawater origin of their dolomitizing fluids. Dol-1 dolomites were formed in sabkha environment whereas the dolomitizing fluids originated from evaporative brine water due to their micritic crystal sizes and tight lithology. Dol-2 dolomites, particularly subtype Dol-2a barely developing vuggy porosity, also show micritic calcite-like REE patterns, suggesting their dolomitizing fluids were seawater or seawater-derived fluids. This inference is confirmed by low Fe and Mn concentrations, which range from 651 μg/g to 1018 μg/g (mean value of 863 μg/g) and 65 μg/g to 167 μg/g (mean value of 105 μg/g), respectively, whereas homogenization temperatures (T_h, mean value of 103 °C) indicate that Dol-2 dolomites were formed under burial environment. Dol-3 dolomites, in form of cements of Dol-2 dolomites, show similar REE patterns to their host minerals (i.e., Dol-2 dolomites), indicating their parent source was possibly derived from Dol-2 dolomites. Dol-3 dolomites have high Fe and Mn concentrations with mean values of 3346 μg/g (ranging from 2897 μg/g to 3856 μg/g) and 236 μg/g (ranging from 178 μg/g to 287 μg/g), respectively, indicating the involvement of meteoric water. Meanwhile, it confirms that the dissolution in Dol-2 dolomites was caused by meteoric water leaching. Positive Eu anomalies (mean value of 1.406) in Dol-4 dolomites, coupled with high homogenization temperatures (mean value of 314 °C), suggest that Dol-4 dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluids. High Fe and Mn concentrations (mean values of 2521 μg/g and 193 μg/g, respectively) in Dol-4 dolomites likely results from interactions of hydrothermal fluids with deep burial clastic rocks.  相似文献   

Influence of natural fractures on gas accumulation in the Upper Triassic tight gas sandstones in the northwestern Sichuan Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin, China, is a typical tight gas sandstone reservoir that contains natural fractures and has an average porosity of 1.10% and air permeability less than 0.1 md because of compaction and cementation. According to outcrops, cores and image logs, three types of natural fractures, namely, tectonic, diagenetic and overpressure-related fractures, have developed in the tight gas sandstones. The tectonic fractures include small faults, intraformational shear fractures and horizontal shear fractures, whereas the diagenetic fractures mainly include bed-parallel fractures. According to thin sections, the microfractures also include tectonic, diagenetic and overpressure-related microfractures. The diagenetic microfractures consist of transgranular, intragranular and grain-boundary fractures. Among these fractures, intraformational shear fractures, horizontal shear fractures and small faults are predominant and significant for fluid movement. Based on the Monte Carlo method, these intraformational shear fractures and horizontal shear fractures improve the reservoir porosity and permeability, thus serving as an important storage space and primary fluid-flow channels in the tight sandstones. The small faults may provide seepage channels in adjacent layers by cutting through layers. In addition, these intragranular and grain-boundary fractures increase the connectivity of the tight gas sandstones by linking tiny pores. The tectonic microfractures improve the seepage capability of the tight gas sandstones to some extent. Low-dip angle fractures are more abundant in the T₃X³ member than in the T₃X² and T₃X⁴ members. The fracture intensities of the sandstones in the T₃X³ member are greater than those in the T₃X² and T₃X⁴ members. The fracture intensities do not always decrease with increasing bed thickness for the tight sandstones. When the bed thickness of the tight sandstones is less than 1.0 m, the fracture intensities increase with increasing bed thickness in the T₃X³ member. Fluid inclusion evidence and burial history analysis indicate that the tectonic fractures developed over three periods. The first period was at the end of the Triassic to the Early Jurassic. The tectonic fractures developed during oil generation but before the matrix's porosity and permeability reduced, which suggests that these tectonic fractures could provide seepage channels for oil migration and accumulation. The second period was at the end of the Cretaceous after the matrix's porosity and permeability reduced but during peak gas generation, which indicates that gas mainly migrated and accumulated in the tectonic fractures. The third period was at the end of the Eogene to the Early Neogene. The tectonic fractures could provide seepage channels for secondary gas migration and accumulation from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation into the overlying Jurassic Formation.  相似文献   

Oolitic shoal complexes characterization of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field,Northeast Sichuan Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Yuanba Gas Field is the second largest natural gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The vast majority of the natural gas reserve is from the Permian Changhsingian reef complexes and Lower Triassic Feixianguan oolitic shoal complexes. To better understand this reservoir system, this study characterizes geological and geophysical properties, spatial and temporal distribution of the oolitic shoal complexes and factors that control the oolitic shoals character for the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field. Facies analysis, well-seismic tie, well logs, seismic character, impedance inversion, and root mean square (RMS) seismic attributes distinguish two oolitic shoal complex facies – FA-A and FA-B that occur in the study area. FA-A, located in the middle of oolitic shoal complex, is composed of well-sorted ooids with rounded shape. This facies is interpreted to have been deposited in shallow water with relatively high energy. In contrast, FA-B is located in flanks of the oolitic shoal complex, and consists of poorly sorted grains with various shape (rounded, subrounded and subangular). The oolitic shoal complexes were mainly deposited along the platform margin. From the early Fei 2 Member period to the late Fei 2 Member period, the oolitic shoals complexes on the platform margin gradually migrated from the southwest to the northeast with an extent ranging from less than 100 km²–150 km² in the Yuanba Gas Field. The migration of oolitic shoals coincided with the development of a series of progradational clinoforms, suggesting that progradational clinoforms caused by sea-level fall maybe are the main reason that lead to the migration of oolitic shoals. Finally, this study provide an integrated method for the researchers to characterize oolitic shoal complexes by using well cores, logs, seismic reflections, impedance inversion, and seismic attribute in other basins of the world.  相似文献   

Contrasting hydrography and phytoplankton distribution in the upper layers of cyclonic eddies in the Mozambique Basin and Mozambique Channel     

T Lamont  RG Barlow 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(3):293-306

Hydrographic data collected in cyclonic eddies in the Mozambique Channel and Basin revealed notable differences in temperature and salinity at a depth of 100 m, the upper mixed layer, the nitracline depths, and vertical distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Differences in temperature and salinity did not show any consistent patterns. In contrast, the differences in the upper mixed layer, nitracline depths and the vertical Chl-a profile appeared to be driven by combined effects of eddy dynamics (i.e. shoaling of isopleths) and the seasonal variation in light availability and mixing conditions in the upper layers. Cyclonic eddies studied during austral spring and summer in the Mozambique Channel exhibited shallower upper mixed layers and nitracline depths, and deeper euphotic zones. Distinct subsurface Chl-a maxima (SCM) were associated with the stratified conditions in the upper layers of these eddies. In contrast, a cyclonic eddy studied during mid-austral winter in the Mozambique Basin had a shallower euphotic zone, deeper upper mixed layer and uniform Chl-a profiles. Another eddy sampled in the Mozambique Basin toward the end of winter showed a less pronounced SCM and roughly equal euphotic zone and upper mixed layer depths, suggestive of a transition from a well-mixed upper layer during winter to stratified conditions in summer.  相似文献